Eco-evolutionary factors that influence its demographic oscillations in (Actinopterygii: Characiformes) populations evidenced through a genetic spatial-temporal evaluation.

The human activity impact on wild animal populations is indicated by eco-evolutionary and demographic processes, along with their survival and capacity to evolve; consequently, such data can contribute toward enhancing genetic-based conservation programs. In this context, knowledge on the life-history and the eco-evolutionary processes is required to understand extant patterns of population structure in a Neotropical migratory fish that has been threatened due to loss and fragmentation of its natural habitat since 1960s promoted by the expansion of hydroelectric power plant construction programs. This study evaluated the eco-evolutionary parameters that cause oscillations in the demography and structure of populations.

Four raised to one equals one: A genetic approach to the complex does not follow a math rule.

is a genus endemic to the eastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, consisting of 12 accepted species. Some species, such as , , . , and .