Physician's Attitudes Toward Patients With Opioid Use Disorder and Use of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Vary by Training.

Objectives: This study compared whether different addiction treatment educational experiences were associated with physicians' attitudes toward patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and perceived efficacy of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD).

Methods: Ohio physicians (n = 2757) with and without a waiver to prescribe buprenorphine (Drug Addiction Treatment Act 2000 [DATA 2000] waiver) were surveyed regarding their attitudes toward treating patients with OUD and on the effectiveness of MOUD. We divided physicians into 3 groups: physicians with DATA 2000 waivers, non-waivered physicians experiential training, and non-waivered physicians experiential training.

A Greater Variety of Social Activities Is Associated With Lower Mortality Risk.

Objectives: More frequent engagement in social activity is often associated with better physical health outcomes. Yet, less is known about whether engagement in a greater variety of social activities such as a mix of volunteering and attending club meetings (social activity variety) is important for health. The current study assessed whether social activity variety relates to mortality risk after adjusting for social activity frequency, nonsocial activity frequency and variety, and sociodemographic covariates, and how this relationship varies depending on age.

Draft genome sequence of "palpalis gambiensis" isolate.

The 0.719 Mb genome of the tsetse endosymbiont, from is presented. This genome retains 611 protein-coding sequences and a 25.

Mapping the Heartbeat of America with ChatGPT-4: Unpacking the Interplay of Social Vulnerability, Digital Literacy, and Cardiovascular Mortality in County Residency Choices.

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States (US). Although high-quality data are accessible in the US for cardiovascular research, digital literacy (DL) has not been explored as a potential factor influencing cardiovascular mortality, although the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) has been used previously as a variable in predictive modeling. Utilizing a large language model, ChatGPT4, we investigated the variability in CVD-specific mortality that could be explained by DL and SVI using regression modeling.

Rural health care worker wellness during COVID-19: Compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction & utilization of wellness resources.

Objective: The goal of this study was to identify factors associated with compassion fatigue (CF) and compassion satisfaction (CS) among rural health care workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary purpose was to assess utilization of wellness resources and preferences for new resources.

Methods: A survey was distributed (October-December 2020) and completed by faculty, clinicians and staff (n = 406) at a rural university.

Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to inform development of a Dissemination and Implementation science training for nutrition practitioners.

Objective: To determine nutrition practitioners' attitudes, behavioural control and normative beliefs to best inform the development and formulation of a nutrition-specific Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) science training.

Design: A cross-sectional survey aimed to assess Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) constructs and intention to use D&I science. A validated TPB questionnaire assessed constructs including perceived behavioural control, subjective, injunctive and descriptive normative beliefs, attitudes and intention to use D&I science.

Health Disparities Among Older Adults: An Introduction to the Special Issue.

The problem of health disparities across the lifespan and in older adulthood has gained recent attention by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and other organizations and researchers. These disparities are of significant interest as they greatly impact health, life span, and quality-of-life for countless individuals and create economic burden on societies. Given the critical nature of this problem, this special issue will focus on health disparities for older adults across the lifespan.

Health Disparities in Appalachian and Other Rural Communities.

Rural areas are home to a larger proportion of older adults and populations who age within these locales and suffer disproportionately from health, mental health, and economic disparities compared to their urban counterparts. This article will explore the disparities faced by persons that reside in rural communities across the lifespan. It will briefly discuss what is meant by rural.

Symbiosis preservation: Putative regulation of fatty acyl-CoA reductase by miR-31a within the symbiont harboring bacteriome through tsetse evolution.

Tsetse flies are the sole vectors of African trypanosomes. In addition to trypanosomes, tsetse harbor obligate bacteria that are essential to tsetse biology. The absence of results in fly sterility, thus offering promise for population control strategies.

Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of Dependence Measures for Exclusive Electronic Cigarette Users.

Introduction: Extant electronic cigarette (ECIG) dependence measures are largely adapted from those designed for cigarette smoking, though few have been evaluated for their psychometric properties.

Aims And Methods: Never-smoking ECIG users (N = 134) participating in an online survey completed four dependence measures: Penn state electronic cigarette dependence index (PSECDI), e-cigarette dependence scale (EDS-4), diagnostic and statistical manual for tobacco use disorder (DSM-5), and Glover Nilsson behavioral questionnaire (GNBQ). They also reported on their ECIG use characteristics (eg, behaviors and reasons).

Microbe Profile: : the tsetse fly's significant other.

is an obligate, maternally transmitted endosymbiont of tsetse flies. The ancient association between these two organisms accounts for many of their unique physiological adaptations. Similar to other obligate mutualists, 's genome is dramatically reduced in size, yet it has retained the capacity to produce many B-vitamins that are found at inadequate quantities in the fly's vertebrate blood-specific diet.

I Had to Go in a Bubble: Investigating the Effects of COVID-19 on Fertility Treatments and Nutrition.

Background: Individuals modify their lifestyles including nutrition to improve fertility. The COVID-19 pandemic limited access to clinical offices or resulted in the closure of fertility clinics. The pandemic also impacted diet through reduced availability and lifestyle choices.

The Tsetse Metabolic Gambit: Living on Blood by Relying on Symbionts Demands Synchronization.

Tsetse flies have socioeconomic significance as the obligate vector of multiple parasites, the causative agents of Human and Animal African Trypanosomiases. Like many animals subsisting on a limited diet, microbial symbiosis is key to supplementing nutrient deficiencies necessary for metabolic, reproductive, and immune functions. Extensive studies on the microbiota in parallel to tsetse biology have unraveled the many dependencies partners have for one another.

Energy production and well site disturbance from conventional and unconventional natural gas development in West Virginia.

Natural gas production from the Appalachian region has reached record levels, primarily due to the rapid increase in development of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) resources. In 2020, over 65,000 conventional wells reported natural gas production; however, this only represented 5% of the total natural gas produced. The remaining 95% of natural gas production can be attributed to 3,901 UOG wells.

Hyaluronic Acid Allows Enzyme Immobilization for Applications in Biomedicine.

Enzymes are proteins that control the efficiency and effectiveness of biological reactions and systems, as well as of engineered biomimetic processes. This review highlights current applications of a diverse range of enzymes for biofuel production, plastics, and chemical waste management, as well as for detergent, textile, and food production and preservation industries respectively. Challenges regarding the transposition of enzymes from their natural purpose and environment into synthetic practice are discussed.

Primary nodular chest amyloidoma: A case report and review of literature.

Primary nodular chest wall amyloidoma, in which a solitary mass of amyloid is deposited in and around the lungs with no evidence of systemic amyloidosis, is extremely rare, most often asymptomatic, and may resemble primary bronchogenic carcinoma. As a result, there are fewer than 100 cases published in the literature and no controlled clinical trials. Primary nodular chest wall amyloidoma is typically diagnosed either as an incidental radiological finding or after very serious and destructive mass growth at which point late-stage respiratory and pain symptoms finally develop, most often in elderly patients.

Psychometric Properties of the Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5: Findings From Family Members of Chinese Healthcare Workers During the Outbreak of COVID-19.

Minimal research has examined utility of PC-PTSD-5 in family members of frontline medical workers. The aims of our study were to develop and elucidate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the PC-PTSD-5 and to determine its usefulness in screening for possible PTSD in relatives of Chinese healthcare workers during the COVID-19. We conducted a cross-sectional research in the relatives of medical staffs working in a general hospital during the COVID-19.

The holobiont transcriptome of teneral tsetse fly species of varying vector competence.

Background: Tsetse flies are the obligate vectors of African trypanosomes, which cause Human and Animal African Trypanosomiasis. Teneral flies (newly eclosed adults) are especially susceptible to parasite establishment and development, yet our understanding of why remains fragmentary. The tsetse gut microbiome is dominated by two Gammaproteobacteria, an essential and ancient mutualist Wigglesworthia glossinidia and a commensal Sodalis glossinidius.

Development and validation of a latent, multidimensional, self-report periodontal disease measure.

Background: Self-report measures of periodontal disease have utility for screening, but have not capitalized on a latent variable approach based on psychometric theory to validate such measures. This study aimed to develop a psychometrically valid self-report measure of periodontal disease using latent variable factor analysis and other evidence-based psychometric analyses.

Methods: Likert-type items reflecting periodontal disease were administered to a sample of adults (n = 828) in the United States via an online survey.

Development and validation of the Brief Assessment of Distress about Pain.

Background: The experience of pain is a complex interaction of somatic, behavioural, affective and cognitive components. Negative psychological states (e.g.

Fear of Pain Across the Adult Life Span.

Background: Pain continues to be an important public health concern, especially given the opioid crisis in industrialized countries. It is important to understand the association between emotions such as fear and anxiety and the experience of pain as both a physiological and affective experience. Fear or anxiety about pain is in fact a well-known predictor of and close associate of pain.

Quorum sensing sets the stage for the establishment and vertical transmission of Sodalis praecaptivus in tsetse flies.

Bacterial virulence factors facilitate host colonization and set the stage for the evolution of parasitic and mutualistic interactions. The Sodalis-allied clade of bacteria exhibit striking diversity in the range of both plant and animal feeding insects they inhabit, suggesting the appropriation of universal molecular mechanisms that facilitate establishment. Here, we report on the infection of the tsetse fly by free-living Sodalis praecaptivus, a close relative of many Sodalis-allied symbionts.