Outcome of adult patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia caused by PHEX gene mutations.

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is the most common monogenic disorder causing hypophosphatemia. This case-note review documents the clinical features and the complications of treatment in 59 adults (19 male, 40 female) with XLH. XLH is associated with a large number of private mutations; 37 different mutations in the PHEX gene were identified in this cohort, 14 of which have not been previously reported.

Adverse effects of anti-epileptics in trigeminal neuralgiform pain.

Background: Side effects of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) have not been adequately documented in trigeminal neuralgia and its variants. The aim of this observational cross-sectional study was to compare the A-B Neuropsychological Assessment Schedule (ABNAS), which measures cognitive side effects to the Adverse Events Profile (AEP), which looks at a broader range of side effects, and to investigate drug/dosage relationships with questionnaire scores to help determine a point at which a drug change would be indicated.

Methods: One hundred five patients were recruited from a facial pain clinic, over a 10-month period.

The role of the consultant in restorative dentistry.

The role of a hospital consultant has changed extensively over the past decade as the National Health Service has progressed through a series of challenges including an ageing population and rising costs of clinical care. The traditional concept of a consultant has changed with different and increased expectations of the role as the pressures to deliver high quality patient care, education and advice continue to rise in a difficult financial climate. In addition, consultants in restorative dentistry are faced with the challenge of a poor general awareness of the scope of their speciality and their role.

An Oral Disease Severity Score validated for use in oral pemphigus vulgaris.

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune bullous disease, which can present with recalcitrant oral mucosal lesions. Optimal management of PV relies upon careful clinical assessment and documentation.

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to validate the Oral Disease Severity Score (ODSS) for the assessment of oral involvement in PV.

A Systematic Review of the Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objective: Patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are often treated with medications or a surgical procedure. However, there is little evidence that such treatments result in 50% pain reduction and improvement in quality of life. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of treatments in patients with MS and trigeminal neuralgia.

Early treatment of class III malocclusion with facemask.

Data sourcesThe Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Medline and the ClinicalTrials.gov databases.Study selectionRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) of children aged 7-12 years with class III malocclusion undergoing fixed or removable orthodontic treatment for early correction were included.

A novel method for treatment of Class III malocclusion in growing patients.

Background: Management of Class III malocclusion is one of the most challenging treatments in orthodontics, and several methods have been advocated for treatment of this condition. A new treatment protocol involves the use of an alternating rapid maxillary expansion and constriction (Alt-RAMEC) protocol, in conjunction with full-time Class III elastic wear and coupled with the use of temporary anchorage devices (TADs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the dento-skeletal and profile soft tissue effects of this novel protocol in growing participants with retrognathic maxilla.

Blood flow changes using a 3D xenogeneic collagen matrix or a subepithelial connective tissue graft for root coverage procedures: a pilot study.

Background: The study investigated the early healing process following the treatment of single Miller class I and II recessions with a 3D xenogeneic collagen matrix (CMX) or connective tissue graft (CTG).

Methods: This pilot investigation was designed as a single-center randomized controlled parallel trial. A total of eight subjects (four per group) were treated with either CMX or CTG in the anterior maxilla.

Orofacial pain - an update on diagnosis and management.

The diagnosis and management of orofacial pain may be challenging due to complex histories, pathophysiology and associated psychosocial co-morbidities such as depression and anxiety. Neuropathic facial pain conditions such as burning mouth syndrome (BMS), persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP), atypical odontalgia (AO) and trigeminal neuralgia (TN) require early recognition by primary care clinicians and referral to secondary care. Acute pain-related temporomandibular disorder (TMD) may be managed in the primary care setting, with identification of those at risk of developing chronic TMD receiving an early referral to secondary care.

Checklists for safe prescribing in oral medicine clinics.

Introduction Prescribing checklists are a means of managing risk related to systemic medications in oral medicine practice.Methods Checklists for workup and monitoring for azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and dapsone were introduced to an oral medicine clinic. Compliance with the checklists was audited at six and 12-24 months post introduction, and compared to previous clinical practice.

Axitinib-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are oral chemotherapy drugs used primarily to treat leukemias, renal cell carcinomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and neuroendocrine tumors. Within this group, a number of drugs have already been implicated in jaw necrosis. Axitinib (Inlyta) is a novel TKI currently licensed for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.

An unusual case of disappearing bone disease in the mandible and literature review.

Disappearing bone disease is a rare disorder that causes spontaneous and progressive osteolysis and proliferation of lymphatic tissue and blood vessels. It is debilitating and there is evidence of mortality in reported cases including those affecting mandible. A 38-year-old man was diagnosed with disappearing bone disease of the mandible in 2013.

What are the important outcomes in traumatic dental injuries? An international approach to the development of a core outcome set.

Background/aims: There are numerous treatment options following traumatic dental injury (TDI). Systematic reviews of different treatments are challenging owing to the diversity of outcomes reported between clinical studies. This issue could be addressed through the development and implementation of a agreed and standardized collection of outcomes known as a core outcome set (COS).

Can images of pain enhance patient-clinician rapport in pain consultations?

A variety of treatment outcomes in chronic pain are influenced by patient-clinician rapport. Patients often report finding it difficult to explain their pain, and this potential obstacle to mutual understanding may impede patient-clinician rapport. Previous research has argued that the communication of both patients and clinicians is facilitated by the use of pain-related images in pain assessments.

Markers in blood and saliva for prediction of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: a retrospective case controlled-study.

Background: Hormonal and enzymatic factors may render certain individuals more susceptible to orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). The objectives of this study are (1) to identify biochemical key markers in blood and saliva that may be correlated to the trend of extensive OIIRR and (2) to utilise these markers to predict a susceptible patient-receiving orthodontic treatment.

Methods: Nine patients (mean age 23 + 2.

A preliminary investigation of short-term cytokine expression in gingival crevicular fluid secondary to high-level orthodontic forces and the associated root resorption: case series analytical study.

Background: Orthodontically induced iatrogenic root resorption (OIIRR) is an unavoidable inflammatory process. Several factors claimed to be related to the severity of OIIRR. Orthodontic forces cause micro-trauma to the periodontal ligament and activate a cascade of cellular events associated with local periodontal inflammation.

Randomized controlled trial of a patient decision-making aid for orthodontics.

Introduction: Patient decision-making aids (PDAs) are instruments that facilitate shared decision making and enable patients to reach informed, individual decisions regarding health care. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a PDA compared with traditional information provision for adolescent patients considering fixed appliance orthodontic treatment.

Methods: Before treatment, orthodontic patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups: the intervention group received the PDA and standard information regarding fixed appliances, and the control group received the standard information only.

New UK graduates' knowledge of training and service provision within restorative dentistry - a survey.

Objective To assess new UK graduates' knowledge of training and service provision within restorative dentistry.Design A national descriptive cross-sectional survey.Subjects and methods An online survey assessing clinicians' knowledge of restorative dentistry, who had graduated within the last four years in the UK, was distributed across the UK via postgraduate dental deaneries.

Career satisfaction and work-life balance of specialist orthodontists within the UK/ROI.

Objectives To investigate factors affecting career satisfaction and work-life balance in specialist orthodontists in the UK/ROI.Design and setting Prospective questionnaire-based study.Subjects and methods The questionnaire was sent to specialist orthodontists who were members of the British Orthodontic Society.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype prevalence and antibiotic resistance in a UK population with periodontitis.

Objectives: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a recognised pathogen involved in aggressive periodontitis. Seven serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans exist with a range of virulence and distribution dependent on ethnicity and geography.

Seven-year review of dental foundation year 2/senior house officer training at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit in Oxford.

The dental senior house officer (SHO)/dental foundation year 2 (DF2) posts in Oxford have provided hospital-based training for dentists, but in 2013 the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) Unit withdrew from DF2 training because persistent negative feedback from the dental deanery varied from that obtained internally. We sent questionnaires to a consecutive group of 62 dentists who had worked at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, between 2006 and 2013 to find out about their experience of the posts. Forty responded (65% response rate).

Coronoid impingement syndrome: literature review and clinical management.

Background: This case report discusses the unusual presentation of limited mouth opening as a result of bilateral coronoid process hyperplasia.

Case Presentation: A 14.5-year-old male patient of white Caucasian ethnicity presented with limited mouth opening, mandibular asymmetry, and dental crowding.

Motivation for orthognathic treatment and anticipated satisfaction levels-a two-centre cross-national audit.

Purpose: This audit investigated factors which motivate patients to seek orthognathic treatment, assessed how confident patients were that they would be satisfied with the outcome of treatment, and explored possible influencing factors.

Materials And Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to pre-surgical patients at two centres (United Kingdom and Switzerland); questions asked what patients wished to gain from orthognathic treatment and how confident they were that they would be satisfied with treatment outcome. Gender, age and location were recorded as demographic variables, and type of malocclusion was also recorded.