The legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic on critical care research: A descriptive interview study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic challenged both research and clinical teams in critical care to collaborate on research solutions to new clinical problems. Although an effective, nationally coordinated response helped facilitate critical care research, reprioritisation of research efforts towards COVID-19 studies had significant consequences for existing and planned research activity in critical care.

Aims: Our aim was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic research prioritisation policies and practices on critical care research funded prior to the pandemic, the conduct of pandemic research, and implications for ongoing and future critical care research.

Visual and anatomical failure of anti-VEGF therapy for retinal vascular diseases: a survival analysis of real-world data.

Importance: Predicting undesirable outcomes following anti-VEGF initiation in macular oedema is critical for effective clinical decision-making and optimised care.

Objective: To estimate the time to undesirable events in diabetic macular oedema (DMO), central and branch vein occlusions (CRVO and BRVO) after appropriate loading doses with either ranibizumab or aflibercept and identified baseline predictors of negative outcome.

Design, Setting, Participants: A retrospective cohort study of 3277 patients (N = 2107 in DMO, N = 413 in CRVO and N = 757 in BRVO) collected over a 10-year period, in a large UK tertiary centre.

Incorporating the concept of overtransfusion into hemovigilance monitoring: An expert-based definition and criteria from the International HIT-OVER Forum.

Background: Liberal or overtransfusion (OT) may be regarded as "inappropriate," but it is not reported as a transfusion-related adverse event. A definition of OT is lacking. OT may include overdosing of components, giving the incorrect component, or unnecessary administration without evidence of need for transfusion.

Core elements of the perioperative medicine for older people undergoing surgery (POPS) model of care.

Purpose: Hospital surgical services that utilise the approach of the perioperative medicine for older people undergoing surgery (POPS) model of care improve outcomes for older people contemplating and undergoing surgery. Complex models of care like POPS may be difficult to implement without understanding the elements that comprise that model of care. Logic models can be used to aid implementation by visually depicting theoretical relationships between the elements of the model of care.

Teaching transference focused psychotherapy to South African mental health practitioners.

Background: Personality disorders (PDs) are estimated to occur in 6.8% of South Africans and in 45% to 80% of clinical populations. Mental health practitioners often harbour negative attitudes and lack confidence in working with such patients.

Trends and variation in issuance of high-cost narcolepsy drugs by NHS England organisations and regions from 2019 to 2022.

Clinicians and people with narcolepsy report varied access to higher-cost narcolepsy treatments in England associated with variations in national and local commissioning. There are no publicly available data quantifying use of these drugs to support policy decisions. We therefore aimed to describe national, regional and local prescribing trends for higher-cost narcolepsy drugs using new national databases.

Aortic Valve Replacement vs Clinical Surveillance in Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Current guidelines recommend a strategy of clinical surveillance (CS) for patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) and a normal left ventricular ejection fraction.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a study-level meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of early aortic valve replacement (AVR) compared with CS in patients with asymptomatic severe AS.

Methods: Studies were quantitatively assessed in a meta-analysis using random-effects modeling.

Alpelisib plus fulvestrant in PIK3CA-mutated, hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer after a CDK4/6 inhibitor (BYLieve): one cohort of a phase 2, multicentre, open-label, non-comparative study.

Background: Alpelisib, a PI3Kα-selective inhibitor and degrader, plus fulvestrant showed efficacy in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-mutated advanced breast cancer in SOLAR-1; limited data are available in the post-cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor setting. BYLieve aimed to assess alpelisib plus endocrine therapy in this setting in three cohorts defined by immediate previous treatment; here, we report results from cohort A.

Methods: This ongoing, phase 2, multicentre, open-label, non-comparative study enrolled patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, advanced breast cancer with tumour PIK3CA mutation, following progression on or after previous therapy, including CDK4/6 inhibitors, from 114 study locations (cancer centres, medical centres, university hospitals, and hospitals) in 18 countries worldwide.

Pathways to care: Source of referral at first-episode psychosis, a cross-country comparison between Bologna and South London.

Objectives: Pathways to Care (PtC) are useful indicators of how patients access mental healthcare, especially in the context of first-episode psychosis (FEP). We explored how PtC: source of referral, is associated with patients' characteristics and clinical presentation and assessed the cross-country differences of the PtC predictors between South London and Bologna.

Methods: This study included 427 FEP individuals in the context of the European Union Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study.

Genetically identified outbreak linked to a rural Butcher's Shop, February-March 2018, North East England.

Between February and April 2018, within a unique 5-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) address was isolated from 28 cases with links to a small rural area of Northeast England, with five cases prospectively identified by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Infections had a severe clinical picture with ten cases hospitalized (36%), two cases with invasive disease, and two deaths reported. Interviews determined that 24 cases (86%) had been exposed to a local independent butcher's shop (Butcher A).

Extremism, racism and riots: exploring the political, social and cultural determinants of poor mental health.

The UK has seen an outbreak of riots after the death of three children in a knife attack. Misinformation about the suspect's heritage and religion was spread by social media, which was then used to incite violence and racism resulting in damage to property, terror and injuries. We put forward arguments that this was an extremist act and draw on the literature on terrorism, extremism and identity to put forward a deeper analysis of how this happened and what can be done to prevent future riots.

Exploring parental and professional perceptions of weight management services among under-fives in England: A qualitative study.

Background: Childhood obesity is a significant public health challenge, particularly among children under five. In England, weight management programs aim to address this issue; however, engagement and uptake of these services remain low. Understanding the perceptions of parents and professionals involved in these programs is crucial to enhancing participation and improving health outcomes.

Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy in microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: 5-year follow-up from the randomized phase III KEYNOTE-177 study.

Background: Results from the phase III KEYNOTE-177 study established pembrolizumab as a new first-line standard of care for microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient (MSI-H/dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Previous results from KEYNOTE-177 showed a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) with pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy ± bevacizumab/cetuximab in MSI-H/dMMR mCRC. Results after >5 years of follow-up are reported.

Understanding care-seeking and subsequent pregnancy loss in the second trimester of pregnancy - A multicentre audit.

Objective: This study aimed to increase understanding of the signs and symptoms that lead pregnant people to seek hospital care in the second trimester of pregnancy. In addition, we aimed to describe management and follow up, to record pregnancy outcomes, and to gather information about symptoms and signs related to second trimester pregnancy loss.

Methods: This prospective audit in seven geographically dispersed sites across the UK collected data over two weeks (7th March-20th March 2022 inclusive) on all unscheduled secondary care attendances between 14 and 21 completed weeks' gestation.

Outcomes and experiences of music workshops for adolescents with depression and anxiety: An exploratory noncontrolled trial in Bogotá.

Objective: Adolescents frequently experience mental distress. However, there is little research on community activities that help adolescents recover from depression and anxiety. This study investigated the outcomes and experiences of music workshops for helping adolescents overcome anxiety and/or depression.

CATHETER II: a randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical effectiveness of various washout policies versus no washout policy in preventing catheter-associated complications in adults living with long-term catheters.

Objectives: Do weekly prophylactic saline or acidic catheter washouts in addition to standard long-term catheter (LTC) care improve the outcomes of adults with LTC compared with standard LTC care only.

Design: Three-arm superiority open-label randomised controlled trial.

Setting: UK community-based study.