The Factor Structure and Validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Short Version When Used With Autistic Psychiatric Inpatients.

The Psychopathy Checklist Short Version (PCL:SV) is a brief measure of psychopathy. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the PCL:SV with autistic adults detained in inpatient psychiatric care. Data were collected from 282 autistic adults at two time points separated by 12-months.

Epidemiological trends of mechanically ventilated acute respiratory distress syndrome in the twenty-first century: a nationwide, population-based retrospective study.

Purpose: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a prevalent respiratory condition associated with significant mortality. Current literature on ARDS epidemiology reports a wide range of incidence (7.2-78.

INHALE WP3, a multicentre, open-label, pragmatic randomised controlled trial assessing the impact of rapid, ICU-based, syndromic PCR, versus standard-of-care on antibiotic stewardship and clinical outcomes in hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Purpose: INHALE investigated the impact of seeking pathogens by PCR on antibiotic stewardship and clinical outcomes in hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia (HAP and VAP).

Methods: This pragmatic multicentre, open-label RCT enrolled adults and children with suspected HAP and VAP at 14 ICUs. Patients were randomly allocated to standard of care, or rapid in-ICU syndromic PCR coupled with optional prescribing guidance.

Assessment and improvement of the quality of radiotherapy treatment planning CT images using a clinically validated phantom based method and a multicentre intercomparison.

Purpose: To develop a phantom method of image quality assessment for radiotherapy planning CT protocols (head and neck (H&N) and prostate) and validate results against clinical image quality. Test with data from different scanners and suggest protocol adjustments.

Methods: Macros measured patient water-equivalent diameter and noise from clinical CT images.

Co-designing the implementation of a rural health systems-strengthening rheumatic heart disease program with remote First Nations Australian communities using Theory of Change.

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is highly prevalent and under-detected in remote First Nations Australian communities. Rural communities face severe health workforce shortages that impact negatively on health outcomes. Task-sharing using local healthcare workers, trained to screen for active RHD cases (using handheld ultrasound with remote support from experts), has been proposed as a means of improving early detection whilst also strengthening referral pathways.

Commentary: Tolvaptan for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) - an update.

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) affects up to 70 000 people in the UK and the most common inherited cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). It is generally a late-onset multisystem disorder characterised by bilateral kidney cysts, liver cysts and an increased risk of intracranial aneurysms. Approximately 50% of people with ADPKD reach ESKD by age 60.

Developing a psychosocial competency framework for adult and older adult acute mental health inpatient care.

Objectives: Acute mental health inpatient settings care for those with acute and complex mental health needs. This study aimed to develop a psychosocial competency framework for use by multidisciplinary professional practitioners working in adult and older adult acute mental health inpatient settings.

Methods: The competence framework was developed through an iterative developmental process.

Recent occurrence of pharmaceuticals in freshwater, emerging treatment technologies, and future considerations: A review.

Pharmaceuticals represent an emerging class of pollutants raising significant environmental health concerns, with their presence in freshwater systems linked to adverse aquatic ecosystem impacts and acceleration of antibiotic resistance development. This narrative review examines recent (2019-2024) pharmaceutical occurrences in freshwater globally, analyzes contamination pathways, evaluates compound-specific degradability, and assesses treatment technologies. Analysis revealed significant pharmaceutical contamination in freshwater sources across the six major continents, primarily entering through wastewater treatment plant effluents, groundwater recharge processes, and inadequate sanitation infrastructure/septic systems.

Natural language processing techniques applied to the electronic health record in clinical research and practice - an introduction to methodologies.

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has the potential to revolutionise clinical research utilising Electronic Health Records (EHR) through the automated analysis of unstructured free text. Despite this potential, relatively few applications have entered real-world clinical practice. This paper aims to introduce the whole pipeline of NLP methodologies for EHR analysis to the clinical researcher, with case studies to demonstrate the application of these methods in the existing literature.

Physiotherapy Within Inpatient Mental Health Wards: Involvement, Diagnoses, and Lifestyle Characteristics.

Background: Severe mental illness (SMI) is often linked to physical health issues, including multiple comorbidities. Physiotherapists are increasingly recognized for their role in addressing these health disparities. This study investigated the role of physiotherapy in managing physical health conditions in individuals admitted to inpatient mental health services.

Children's involvement in the development and evaluation of parent-focused mental health interventions: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: This review will i) describe methods used to involve children in the development and/or evaluation of parent-focused interventions to prevent or treat child mental health problems; ii) summarize the perspectives of children or adults about these methods; iii) highlight any reported enablers and barriers; and iv) identify guidance and make recommendations for further research.

Introduction: Parent-focused interventions (where children are not primarily involved or are excluded) have been implemented to address various child mental health outcomes. However, it is unclear to what extent, and to what end, children have been involved in developing and evaluating such interventions.

A clinician survey of skin substitute use in burns care in the UK and Ireland: The CASSIUS study.

Background: Skin substitutes are routinely used in burn surgery. Increasing numbers of marketed products, regional variation in use, and lack of high-quality research may be contributing to non-standardised care across units. Previous research has also shown that many healthcare professionals in burns care cannot correctly identify the constituents of skin substitute products, with medicolegal implications related to consent.

Novel Procedures for Evaluating Autism Online in a Culturally Diverse Population of Children: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Pathway Development Study.

Background: Current autism assessment procedures are costly and resource-intensive. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telemedicine, highlighting the benefits of innovative diagnostic tools. Telemedicine-based pathways could enhance accessibility and equity in autism diagnostics.

Precision oncology through next generation sequencing in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer that originates from underlying inflammation, often associated with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Despite the availability of treatments, there are high rates of tumour relapse due to the development of drug resistance in infected cells. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) plays a crucial role in overcoming this issue by sequencing both viral and host genomes to identify mutations and genetic heterogeneity.

Finerenone in the management of diabetes kidney disease.

People with type 2 diabetes are at risk of developing progressive diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and end stage kidney failure. Hypertension is a major, reversible risk factor in people with diabetes for development of albuminuria, impaired kidney function, end-stage kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Slowing progression of kidney disease and reducing cardiovascular events can be achieved by a number of means including the targeting of blood pressure and the use of specific classes of drugs The use of Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) blockade is effective in preventing or slowing progression of DKD and reducing cardiovascular events in people with type 2 diabetes, albeit differently according to the stage of DKD.

Beneficial and harmful effects of duloxetine versus placebo, 'active placebo' or no intervention for adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised clinical trials.

Objectives: To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of duloxetine versus 'active placebo', placebo or no intervention for adults with major depressive disorder.

Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised trials.

Data Sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and other relevant databases up until January 2023.

Development of CARRA/PReS-endorsed consensus Core and Expanded Datasets in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus for international registry-based research.

Objectives: Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), representing 15%-20% of individuals with SLE, has been difficult to study globally due to differences between registries. This initiative, supported by Childhood Arthritis Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) and Paediatric Rheumatology European Society (PReS), aims to create Core and Expanded cSLE Datasets to standardise and enhance research worldwide.

Methods: 21 international cSLE experts and 4 patients participated in a Delphi process (questionnaires, 2 topic-specific focus groups and 3 virtual consensus meetings) to create 2 standardised cSLE datasets.

The compassionate mind approach to supporting psychological wellbeing in people living with HIV.

There is a growing body of evidence exploring the health, psychological and social benefits of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) for managing complex issues such as shame, loneliness, stigma and disease adjustment. As a component of CFT, compassionate mind training (CMT) has been found to bring about significant reductions in psychological distress and improvements in levels of compassion, emotion regulation and wellbeing. There is also growing evidence for how these approaches can bring benefits across a variety of psychological and physical health difficulties, including HIV.

Reassessing the need for primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in contemporary patients with heart failure.

The main function of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is to protect against sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VTA). Current guidelines provide a recommendation to implant a prophylactic ICD for the primary prevention of SCD in individuals having heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who never experienced a previous sustained VTA. However, these recommendations are based on clinical trials conducted more than 20 years ago and may not be applicable to contemporary patients with HFrEF who have a lower arrhythmic risk as a result of advances in heart failure medical therapies.

Sociodemographic landscape of suspected prostate cancer referrals and diagnoses across North East London.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify healthcare inequities in referrals and diagnoses of suspected prostate cancer (PCa) in an ethnically diverse and socially deprived large urban region.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 2-Week Wait (2WW) suspected PCa patients ( = 12 947) referred to two acute NHS Trusts in North East London (NEL) from February 2019 to August 2023. Sociodemographics, diagnosis and pretreatment staging data were collected from patient records.

Can social adversity and mental, physical and oral multimorbidity form a syndemic? A concept and protocol paper.

Background: Clustering mental, physical and oral conditions reduce drastically the life expectancy. These conditions are precipitated and perpetuated by adverse social, economic, environmental, political and healthcare contextual factors, and sustained through bidirectional interactions forming potentially a 'syndemic'. No previous study has investigated such potential syndemic.