The role of trauma, attachment, and voice-hearer's appraisals: a latent profile analysis in the AVATAR2 trial.

Background: There is evidence that attachment, trauma, and voice appraisals individually impact voice hearing in psychosis, but their intersectional relationship has not been examined. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of individuals from the intersectional relationship between these factors and examine differences between subgroups on clinical outcomes.

Methods: A latent profile analysis was conducted on baseline data from the AVATAR2 trial ( = 345), to identify statistically distinct subgroups of individuals with psychosis who hear distressing voices based on co-occurring patterns of trauma, fearful attachment, and voice appraisals.

Prioritisation of head, neck, and respiratory outcomes in mucopolysaccharidosis type II: lessons from a rare disease consensus exercise and comparison of parental and clinical priorities.

Background: The mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of rare, inherited metabolic disorders. MPS II is a X-linked recessive disease, also known as Hunter syndrome. Clinical manifestations include upper and lower respiratory tract, and head and neck pathologies influencing quality of life, morbidity, and mortality.

Sleep and mood in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of central serous chorioretinopathy on sleep and mood in patients with acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods: This cross-sectional study compared sleep and mood differences between central serous chorioretinopathy and control patients recruited from Ophthalmology clinics at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford between 2012 and 2020. Data including visual acuity, type of central serous chorioretinopathy (acute or chronic; aCSC/cCSC), sex, and chronotype were obtained.

What Works Well for People With Dementia and Their Supporters From South Asian, African and Caribbean Communities in the UK: A Narrative Synthesis Systematic Review and Expert Consultations.

Objectives: This review aims to synthesise the evidence regarding the use and provision of dementia services and support for people with dementia and/or supporters from South Asian, African or Caribbean backgrounds living in the UK.

Methods: A narrative synthesis systematic review of the original research articles published up to April 2024 was conducted. A lay summary of the initial review findings was evaluated by experts-by-experience (n = 15) for scrutiny and to enable further discussions, to produce key recommendations for further developing dementia services.

Mitochondria Make You Think: An [18F]BCPP-EF Positron Emission Tomography Study of Mitochondrial Complex I Levels and Brain Activation during Task Switching.

Background: Mitochondrial complex I is the largest enzyme complex in the respiratory chain and can be non-invasively measured using [18F]BCPP-EF positron emission tomography (PET). Neurological conditions associated with mitochondria complex I pathology are also associated with altered blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response and impairments in cognition. This study aims to investigate the relationship between mitochondrial complex I levels, cognitive function, and associated neural activity during task switching in healthy humans.

Understanding stakeholder views of the use of digital therapeutic interventions within children and young people's mental health services.

Background: Providing the growing number of children and young people seeking mental health support with timely access to care poses a significant challenge. Increased use of digital technology in the delivery of children and young people's mental health services has been proposed as a means of increasing access to treatment.

Methods: We conducted three interrelated studies to provide multi-perspective insights into the use of digital therapeutic interventions within children and young people's mental health services in the UK.

Leaving colorectal polyps in situ with endocytoscopy assisted by computer-aided diagnosis: a cost-effectiveness study.

Background:  Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) enables the distinction between neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps during colonoscopy. We aimed to estimate the patient-level benefit and harm of CADx.

Methods:  We conducted a comparative analysis on data from the EndoBRAIN international clinical trial, evaluating the effect of optical diagnosis during colonoscopy with and without CADx.

Non-malignant gynaecological disease and risk of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally. Non-malignant gynaecological diseases (NMGD) significantly affect patient health and well-being and may be associated with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease (C/CVD).

Methods: Seven databases were searched for relevant studies up to 21 April 2024.

The relationship between SV2A levels, neural activity, and cognitive function in healthy humans: A [11C]UCB-J PET and fMRI study.

Synaptic terminal density is thought to influence cognitive function and neural activity, yet its role in cognition has not been explored in healthy humans. We examined these relationships using [11C]UCB-J positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 25 healthy adults performing cognitive function tasks in the scanner. We found a significant positive association between synaptic terminal density, indicated by [11C]UCB-J PET distribution volume ratio (DVRcs), and neural activity during task switching (PLS-CA, second canonical component, = 0.

Greenhouse gas emissions associated with severe asthma care in the United Kingdom.

Background: The COP28 Declaration on Climate and Health promotes steps to curb emissions and reduce waste in the health sector.

Objective: To describe and quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with severe asthma (SA) care in the UK, by carbon source and transition status from SA to severe uncontrolled asthma (SUA) and/or regular specialist care (RSC).

Methods: This was a cohort study using routinely collected data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum, Hospital Episode Statistics and CO equivalent emissions data.

Systems analysis of clinical incidents: development of a new edition of the London Protocol.

The investigation of incidents and accidents, together with subsequent reflection and action, is an essential component of safety management in every safety-critical industry, including healthcare. A number of formal methods of incident analysis were developed in the early days of risk management and patient safety, including the London Protocol which was published in 2004. In this paper, we describe the development of a new edition of the London Protocol.

Predictive utility of the machine learning algorithms in predicting tendinopathy: a meta-analysis of diagnostic test studies.

Background: Tendinopathy, a degenerative condition of tendon collagen protein, is a common sports injury among elite athletes. Despite its prevalence, the manifestation and progression of tendinopathy remain unclear, and the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment modalities is uncertain. Artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) have shown positive results in disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

Striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor regulation of human reward processing and behaviour.

Signalling at dopamine D2/D3 receptors is thought to underlie motivated behaviour, pleasure experiences and emotional expression based on animal studies, but it is unclear if this is the case in humans or how this relates to neural processing of reward stimuli. Using a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover neuroimaging study, we show in healthy humans that sustained dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonism for 7 days results in negative symptoms (impairments in motivated behaviour, hedonic experience, verbal and emotional expression) and that this is related to blunted striatal response to reward stimuli. In contrast, 7 days of partial D2/D3 agonism does not disrupt reward signalling, motivated behaviour or hedonic experience.

Opportunities and challenges to delivering a trial for depressive symptoms in primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from the Alpha-Stim-D randomised controlled trial.

Background: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are widely regarded as the most powerful research design for evidence-based practice. However, recruiting to RCTs can be challenging resulting in heightened costs and delays in research completion and implementation. Enabling successful recruitment is crucial in mental health research.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the UK: findings from the British Thoracic Society UK Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Registry.

Objectives: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) and the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. The UK IPF Registry was established in 2013 to collect data pertaining to clinical features, therapeutic approaches and outcomes. From February 2023, the Registry expanded to include any ILD with evidence of fibrosis.

International Expert Opinion on Standard of Care for Patients With Schinzel-Giedion Syndrome: A Modified Delphi Study.

Schinzel-Giedion Syndrome (SGS) is an ultra-rare, multisystem, genetic developmental disorder caused by gain-of-function pathogenic variants in the SETBP1 gene. No standard of care (SoC) recommendations currently exist. To assess expert opinion on SoC for individuals with SGS using a modified Delphi method.

Management of Echocardiography Requests for the Detection and Follow-Up of Heart Valve Disease: A Consensus Statement From the British Heart Valve Society.

Background: In the aftermath of the Covid19 pandemic and lockdowns, there has been a growing population awaiting transthoracic echocardiograms for potential valvular heart disease. Conducting comprehensive echocardiograms for all individuals may no longer be practical, leading to substantial delays in obtaining the necessary scans. This paper explores an alternative approach, suggesting the consideration of dedicated and shorter scans specifically for patients suspected of having valvular heart disease.

How should professional psychiatric associations respond to a large-scale disaster?

Disasters pose unique challenges, triggering significant psychological and social crises with both short- and long-term impacts. In this article, we address the critical role of professional psychiatric associations (PPAs) in responding to large-scale disasters, emphasizing the operational model connected with the Psychiatric Association of Türkiye's (PAT) response to the 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye and Northern Syria. We propose the SOLIDARITE model, a structured response framework, which incorporates sustained preparedness, organized networks, resource libraries, on-site and remote interventions, and comprehensive disaster planning across early, middle, and long-term phases.

Redeployment and changes in working patterns of healthcare workers during COVID-19 in the UK: a qualitative study.

Background: Redeployment was critical in addressing the increased demands of COVID-19 on the healthcare system. Previous research indicates that ethnic minority healthcare workers (HCWs), those on visas, and in junior roles, were more likely to be redeployed to COVID-19 duties compared to White UK-born HCWs. There is limited evidence on how redeployment was practically organized, preparedness of HCWs and the NHS for rapid changes, and the decision-making processes involved.

Management of Primary Bladder Neck Obstruction and Dysfunctional Voiding in Young Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Management of young men with primary bladder neck obstruction (PBNO) and dysfunctional voiding (DV) is challenging. We systematically reviewed evidence on diagnostic strategies and treatment outcomes in men aged 18-50 yr with PBNO or DV.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive bibliographic search on the Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases in July 2024.

Primary acquired melanosis with spill over periocular lentigo maligna: 19-year outcomes at a specialist eyelid and ocular oncology centre.

Background/aims: There is a paucity in the literature on the presentation, management and outcomes of cases where primary acquired melanosis (PAM) is associated with spill over/contiguous periocular lentigo maligna (LM). We describe experience of such cases at our eyelid and ocular oncology specialist centre.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective consecutive case review of adult patients with PAM and periocular LM between 2005 and 2024 at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London.

AI-driven triage in emergency departments: A review of benefits, challenges, and future directions.

Background: Emergency Departments (EDs) are critical in providing immediate care, often under pressure from overcrowding, resource constraints, and variability in patient prioritization. Traditional triage systems, while structured, rely on subjective assessments, which can lack consistency during peak hours or mass casualty events. AI-driven triage systems present a promising solution, automating patient prioritization by analyzing real-time data, such as vital signs, medical history, and presenting symptoms.