Cohort profile: working age adults accessing secondary mental health services in South London (UK) and benefits - a data linkage of electronic mental health records and benefits data.

Introduction: In the UK, mental disorders are one of the most common reasons for claiming a benefit relating to unemployment, income, sickness and disability. Limited information exists regarding the demographic characteristics and psychiatric profiles of working age individuals claiming benefits in London. Until recently, detailed data on both mental disorders and benefit receipt were unavailable.

Contribution of Sex Steroids in Management of Tall Stature: Is It Effective or Not?

Introduction: Reduction in adult height by high-dose sex steroids was introduced decades ago. Here, we present the impact of lower doses of sex steroids on the predicted adult height (PAH) in children with tall stature.

Methods: This single-center retrospective observational study included 22 tall children treated with low-dose sex steroids.

Update from 2010 (standard operating procedure): protocol for the 2024 British Society of Gastroenterology Guidelines on colorectal surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease.

Introduction: The evolving landscape of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) necessitates refining colonoscopic surveillance guidelines. This study outlines methodology adopted by the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) Guideline Development Group (GDG) for updating IBD colorectal surveillance guidelines.

Methods And Analysis: The 'Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation' (GRADE) approach, as outlined in the GRADE handbook, was employed.

Public perception of the physician associate profession in the UK: a systematic review.

Background: The physician associate (PA) role within the NHS is currently under scrutiny due to recent legislative changes and concerns about their scope of practice within primary and secondary healthcare. There is currently limited knowledge of public understanding of PAs and their levels of satisfaction with PAs. This review synthesises the evidence relating to patients' and potential patients' understanding of and satisfaction with the PA profession in the UK.

Feeling valued at work: a qualitative exploration of allied health profession support workers.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore Allied Health Professions (AHP) support worker perceptions of feeling valued and to understand what factors contribute to this feeling of "value".

Design: This was a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews undertaken virtually. The data were analysed using a process of thematic analysis in order to gain an in depth understanding of the factors that affect support workers feeling "valued".

The role of artificial intelligence in enhancing healthcare for people with disabilities.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare delivery represents a transformative opportunity to enhance the lives of people living with disabilities. AI-driven technologies, such as assistive devices, conversational agents, and rehabilitation tools, can mitigate health disparities, improve diagnostic accuracy, and facilitate effective communication with healthcare providers, fostering more equitable healthcare environments. This commentary explores these applications while addressing the ethical challenges and limitations associated with AI deployment.

Pre- and post-COVID 19 outbreak relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in Spanish adults with major depressive disorder: a secondary analysis of the RADAR-MDD cohort study.

Aim: To evaluate the longitudinal association of sedentary behavior, light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) participation with depressive symptoms and whether their possible association changed depending on the pandemic phase.

Methods: This longitudinal study conducted secondary analysis from the Spanish cohort of the Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse - Major Depressive Disorder (RADAR-MDD) study. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8).

Cost-effectiveness of high flow nasal cannula therapy versus continuous positive airway pressure for non-invasive respiratory support in paediatric critical care.

Background: High flow nasal cannula therapy (HFNC) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are two widely used modes of non-invasive respiratory support in paediatric critical care units. The FIRST-ABC randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated the clinical and cost-effectiveness of HFNC compared with CPAP in two distinct critical care populations: acutely ill children ('step-up' RCT) and extubated children ('step-down' RCT). Clinical effectiveness findings (time to liberation from all forms of respiratory support) showed that HFNC was non-inferior to CPAP in the step-up RCT, but failed to meet non-inferiority criteria in the step-down RCT.

Strengthening Africa's response to Mpox (monkeypox): insights from historical outbreaks and the present global spread.

Mpox, formerly known as Monkeypox, is a viral zoonotic disease endemic to Central and West Africa that has posed significant public health challenges since its identification in 1970. Despite decades of experience in managing outbreaks, the 2022-2024 Mpox outbreaks exposed substantial gaps in global preparedness and response, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in 2022. The resurgence of cases in Europe in 2022 and the more recent emergence of the virulent clade Ⅰb in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in 2024 have highlighted a critical need for improved proactive and response strategies to curb the epidemic.

Collaborative Outcomes Study on Health and Functioning During Infection Times (COH-FIT): Global and Risk-Group Stratified Course of Well-Being and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adolescents.

Objective: To identify the COVID-19 pandemic impact on well-being/mental health, coping strategies, and risk factors in adolescents worldwide.

Method: This study was based on an anonymous online multi-national/multi-language survey in the general population (representative/weighted non-representative samples, 14-17 years of age), measuring change in well-being (World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index [WHO-5]/range = 0-100) and psychopathology (validated composite P-score/range = 0-100), WHO-5 <50 and <29, pre- vs during COVID-19 pandemic (April 26, 2020-June 26, 2022). Coping strategies and 9 a priori- defined individual/cumulative risk factors were measured.

The Early Youth Engagement (EYE-2) intervention in first-episode psychosis services: pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial and cost-effectiveness evaluation.

Background: Early intervention in psychosis (EIP) services improve outcomes for young people, but approximately 30% disengage.

Aims: To test whether a new motivational engagement intervention would prolong engagement and whether it was cost-effective.

Method: We conducted a multicentre, single-blind, parallel-group, cluster randomised controlled trial involving 20 EIP teams at five UK National Health Service (NHS) sites.

Association between stressful life events and depression, anxiety, and quality of life among urban adolescents and young adults in Latin America.

Background: Latin American youth have a high prevalence of mental health disorders and face major socioeconomic and public safety problems. This study assesses the association between stressful life events (SLEs) and depression, anxiety, and quality of life among adolescents and young adults from deprived neighbourhoods of Latin America.

Methods: The sample consisted of 2,402 participants, between adolescents (15-16 years) and young adults (20-24 years), from Bogotá (Colombia), Buenos Aires (Argentina), and Lima (Peru), assessed in 2021-2022 and recruited in education and community settings and social media.

Transforming organ donation and transplantation: Strategies for increasing donor participation and system efficiency.

Organ transplantation is a critical medical procedure that saves and improves lives, yet the system faces significant challenges that result in many missed opportunities. This comprehensive review examines the factors contributing to these missed opportunities and the concerns of potential donors. The shortage of donors remains a major issue, exacerbated by low registration rates, family consent refusals, and strict medical and health criteria.

Outcome of Acute Appendicitis During COVID-19 Infection.

Acute appendicitis is the main cause of urgent abdominal surgeries performed worldwide. The disease is most prevalent in the second and third decades of life, and patients typically range in age from five to 45. One of the most common non-elective procedures performed by general surgeons, appendectomy is still the gold standard for treating acute appendicitis despite the variety of clinical presentation patterns.

Solid tumor immunotherapy using NKG2D-based adaptor CAR T cells.

NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) are broadly expressed in cancer. To target these, we describe an adaptor chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) termed NKG2D/Dap10-12. Herein, T cells are engineered to co-express NKG2D with a fusion protein that comprises Dap10 joined to a Dap12 endodomain.

Incidence of diabetes mellitus following hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: A prospective observational study.

Background: People hospitalised for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have elevated incidence of diabetes. However, it is unclear whether this is due to shared risk factors, confounding or stress hyperglycaemia in response to acute illness.

Methods: We analysed a multicentre prospective cohort study (PHOSP-COVID) of people ≥18 years discharged from NHS hospitals across the United Kingdom following COVID-19.