Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: Synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline.

Description: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) organization updated its existing clinical practice guideline in 2024 to provide guidance on the evaluation, management, and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults and children who are not receiving kidney replacement therapy.

Methods: The KDIGO CKD Guideline Work Group defined the scope of the guideline and determined topics for systematic review. An independent Evidence Review Team systematically reviewed the evidence and graded the certainty of evidence for each of the review topics.

"From That Moment, Everything has Changed": The Experience of Women With Anorexia Nervosa Receiving a Diagnosis of Autism.

Objective: Autism and eating disorders (ED) frequently co-occur, particularly in women. Autistic individuals are often undiagnosed when they present to mental health services and many receive their autism diagnosis during or after ED treatment. This study sought to understand the experiences of autistic women with co-occurring anorexia nervosa (AN) receiving an autism diagnosis.

Decomposing the effect of women's educational status on fertility across the six geo-political zones in Nigeria: 2003-2018.

Background: Nigeria faces a dual challenge of high fertility rates and limited female education. Studies suggest that education can contribute to fertility reduction. This study aimed to show the differences and quantify the disparity in fertility rates between educated and uneducated women in Nigeria.

Exploring the effect of COVID-19 restrictions on the Social Functioning Scale in a clinical trial of Antipsychotic Reduction: using multiple imputation to target a hypothetical estimand.

Objective: Many trials are affected by unforeseen events after recruitment has commenced. The aim of this study is to explore a hypothetical strategy for dealing with an intercurrent event that occurred during trial follow-up; COVID-19 restrictions.

Study Design And Setting: Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial in schizophrenia, comparing antipsychotic reduction versus maintenance medication on the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) score at 12 months' follow-up.

Multicentre, multi-arm, double-blind randomised placebo-controlled dose-finding trial investigating the safety and Efficacy of MirococePt (APT070) In Reducing delayed graft function In the Kidney ALlograft (EMPIRIKAL-2): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Up to 50% of kidney transplant patients are diagnosed with delayed graft function (DGF) following transplantation-the majority being linked to ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI). DGF is traditionally defined as the requirement for dialysis during the first week after transplantation and is associated with inferior graft and patient outcomes. Local synthesis of complement components, largely by the renal tubule, plays a critical role in IRI.

Comparing Single-Incision Cholecystectomy and Multiple-Incision Cholecystectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Postoperative Complications.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for managing benign gallbladder disease, with the conventional multiport technique widely practiced. Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) has emerged as an alternative, offering potential benefits such as improved cosmetic outcomes, reduced pain, and quicker recovery; however, its efficacy and safety compared to conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CLC) remain unclear. This meta-analysis, which followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, included 51 studies with 2,069 patients to compare clinical outcomes such as postoperative complications, pain, recovery time, and wound infection rates between SILC and CLC.

The Prevalence and Severity of Hand Eczema Among Adults in Tasiilaq, East Greenland.

Background: Hand eczema (HE) is described as a common disease in Greenland, but studies on its epidemiology and severity are lacking.

Objectives: To investigate the point prevalence and severity of HE among adults in East Greenland in relation to age, sex, and occupation.

Methods: In May 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Tasiilaq, East Greenland.

Medication prescribing and pregnancy-related risk factors for women with type 2 diabetes of reproductive age within primary care: a cross-sectional investigation for the PREPARED study.

Introduction: Women with type 2 diabetes are at risk of commencing pregnancy while using medications that are either not recommended for pregnancy or with known teratogenicity, which may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we aimed to characterize pregnancy-related risk factors and medication exposures among women with type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Individual health characteristics, sociodemographic information, and prescription data were extracted from the primary care records of women aged 18-45 years with type 2 diabetes in participating general practices in the UK.

Evaluation of Electronic Palliative Care Coordination Systems to support advance care planning for people living with life-threatening conditions (PREPARE): protocol for a multicentre observational study using routinely collected primary and secondary care data in England.

Introduction: Electronic Palliative Care Coordination Systems (EPaCCS) are electronic registers that aim to facilitate documentation and sharing of up-to-date information about patients' end-of-life preferences and plans for care among different health services. They aim to improve patients' experiences and outcomes and mitigate costs linked to undesired aggressive care. However, evidence on the equitable delivery of EPaCCS and the extent to which advance care planning (ACP) enhances end-of-life care remains sparse.

An international consensus on the etiology, risk factors, diagnosis and Management for individuals with Frozen Shoulder: a Delphi study.

Introduction: There has been an emergence of evidence in the area of frozen shoulder (FS) within the past decade related to risk factors, etiology, diagnosis, and management. It has become increasingly challenging for clinicians and researchers to stay up to date in these areas, particularly with the clinical practice guidelines that are available being few and outdated. To this end, the aim of this study was to produce an international consensus on the risk factors, etiology, diagnosis and management for individuals with FS.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Gestational Non-Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Background/aim: Ovarian cancer is categorized into epithelial ovarian cancer and non-epithelial ovarian cancer (NEOC), with NEOC accounting for approximately 10% of cases, predominantly affecting young women and adolescents. The incidence of gestational ovarian cancer is expected to rise in developed nations due to delayed childbearing. NEOC in pregnancy presents various risks, including spontaneous abortion, ventriculomegaly, respiratory distress, and maternal-fetal mortality.

"I still can't forget those words": mixed methods study of the persisting impact on patients reporting psychosomatic and psychiatric misdiagnoses.

Objectives: This research aimed to improve understanding of persisting impacts of patient-reported psychosomatic and psychiatric misdiagnoses on patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs).

Methods: Mixed methods data from two SARDs cohorts were analysed (N = 1,543 and N = 1,853). Validated instruments and patient-designed questions were used to measure self-reported depression, anxiety and mental wellbeing, in addition to medical relationships and healthcare behaviours.

BCL11B-related disease: a single phenotypic entity?

Craniosynostosis (CRS), the premature fusion of sutures between the skull bones, is characterised by a long "tail" of rare genetic diagnoses. This means that pathogenic variants in many genes are responsible for a minority of cases, and identifying these disease genes and delineating the associated phenotype is extremely important for patient diagnosis and for genetic counselling of families. One such gene is BCL11B.

Assessing brodalumab in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis (SABR-PSC pilot study): protocol for a single-arm, multicentre, pilot study.

Introduction: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare immune-mediated hepatobiliary disease, characterised by progressive biliary fibrosis, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease. As yet, no licensed pharmacological therapy exists. While significant advancements have been made in our understanding of the pathophysiology, the exact aetiology remains poorly defined.

The relationship between cortical synaptic terminal density marker SV2A and glutamate early in the course of schizophrenia: a multimodal PET and MRS imaging study.

Loss of glutamatergic terminals is hypothesised to contribute to excitation-inhibition imbalance in schizophrenia, supported by evidence that the normal positive association between glutamate concentrations and synaptic terminal density is not found in patients with chronic schizophrenia. However, it is unknown whether the relationship between synaptic terminal density and glutamate levels is altered early in the course of illness. To address this, we investigated [C]UCB-J distribution volume ratio (DVR) and glutamatergic markers in healthy volunteers (HV) and in antipsychotic-naïve/free patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) recruited from first-episode psychosis services.

Optimisation of the deployment of automated external defibrillators in public places in England.

Background: Ambulance services treat over 32,000 patients sustaining an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest annually, receiving over 90,000 calls. The definitive treatment for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is defibrillation. Prompt treatment with an automated external defibrillator can improve survival significantly.

Psychometric properties of the patient health questionnaire-8 and general anxiety disorder-7 in adolescents and young adults from three Latin American cities: Internal structure, invariance, internal consistency and divergent validity.

Background: Depression and anxiety are the most common mental disorders in the world. Screening tools allow early diagnosis and intervention, preventing disease progression and reducing years lost to disability. Internationally, the most widely used screening instruments for depression and anxiety symptoms are the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7).

Transition and Life-Long Care for Adults With Cerebral Palsy: A Patient Group 'Too Hard to Impact!' Are We Still Sending Young People 'Off a Cliff'?

Objectives: At Evelina London Children's Hospital, tertiary care is provided for children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) across the South East of England. An increasing number of adults with CP remain under the care of the children's hospital due to a lack of appropriate adult neurodisability services. This quality improvement project as part of a gap analysis regarding transition pathways for young adults with CP, aimed to explore the lived experience of young adults within our service, with respect to transition and care in adulthood.

Challenges and enablers for scaling up interventions targeting non-communicable diseases: a qualitative study applying the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to 19 research projects worldwide.

Introduction: Scaling up interventions targeting non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a global health priority, and implementation research can contribute to that effort. In 2019, the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases funded 27 implementation research studies to improve evidence for scaling up interventions targeting prevention and/or control of hypertension and/or diabetes in low-resource settings. We examined these studies to improve the understanding of the implementation factors, including challenges and facilitators, that influence the early implementation phase of scale-up research projects targeting NCDs.

Impact of out-of-home nutrition labelling on people with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-synthesis.

Objectives: Mandatory nutrition labels for out-of-home food consumption have been introduced in several countries to curb rising obesity levels. However, concerns have been raised about the potential negative impacts of such policies on individuals with eating disorders. This review aimed to summarise the literature on the impact of out-of-home nutrition labels on individuals with eating disorders or disordered eating.

AI-powered prostate cancer detection: a multi-centre, multi-scanner validation study.

Objectives: Multi-centre, multi-vendor validation of artificial intelligence (AI) software to detect clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa) using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is lacking. We compared a new AI solution, validated on a separate dataset from different UK hospitals, to the original multidisciplinary team (MDT)-supported radiologist's interpretations.

Materials And Methods: A Conformité Européenne (CE)-marked deep-learning (DL) computer-aided detection (CAD) medical device (Pi) was trained to detect Gleason Grade Group (GG) ≥ 2 cancer using retrospective data from the PROSTATEx dataset and five UK hospitals (793 patients).