The paradoxes of the protein transition maintain existing animal production and consumption systems.

The shift towards reduced consumption of animal-based products, referred to as the protein transition, is increasingly viewed as an opportunity to drive sustainable food systems transformations. Here we explore three central paradoxes of the protein transition. The first underscores the focus on substituting animal proteins with alternative sources, rather than reducing overall protein consumption.

Season-dependent physiological behavior of growing on heavy-metal contaminated areas in relation to soil properties.

is often considered as a suitable plant species for phytomanagement of heavy metal polluted sites. Nevertheless, its physiological behavior in response to the level of metal toxicity throughout the growing season remains poorly documented. was cultivated on three sites in Belgium (BSJ: non-polluted control; CAR: slightly contaminated; VM strongly polluted by Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and As).

A systematic review of the definitions, narratives and paths forwards for a protein transition in high-income countries.

The protein transition, aiming to rebalance protein intake between animal and alternative proteins, is gaining momentum in scientific and policy discussions on food system transformation. Here, using a systematic review approach, we identified 33 articles that address challenges in reducing the environmental impacts of protein production and consumption, providing healthy diets for a growing population and preventing adverse effects of industrial livestock production systems. We found unclear definitions of the protein transition, conflicting views on reduction or replacement of dietary protein and a lack of attention to systemic change by reducing protein to its macronutrient function.

Intra- and inter-specific reproductive barriers in the tomato clade.

Tomato ( L.) domestication and later introduction into Europe resulted in a genetic bottleneck that reduced genetic variation. Crosses with other wild tomato species from the clade can be used to increase genetic diversity and improve important agronomic traits such as stress tolerance.

Comparison between the impact of osmotic and NaCl treatments on the expression of genes coding for ion transporters in Oryza glaberrima Steud.

We analyzed the expression of genes coding for Na+ transporters (OsHKT1.5, OsHKT1.1, OsSOS1, OsSOS2, OsNHX1, OsNHX2), Cl- transporter (OsNRT1, OsCLC, OsCCC1) and gene coding for the transcription factor DREB (OsDREB2) involved in response to desiccation in two cultivars of O.

Comparison of Salt Stress Tolerance among Two Leaf and Six Grain Cultivars of L.

Amaranths ( L.) are multi-use crop species renowned for their nutritional quality and their tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Since the soil salinity of croplands is a growing problem worldwide, we tested the salinity tolerance of six grain and two leaf cultivars of L.

Comparative and population genomics of buckwheat species reveal key determinants of flavor and fertility.

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is an ancient crop with a world-wide distribution. Due to its excellent nutritional quality and high economic and ecological value, common buckwheat is becoming increasingly important throughout the world. The availability of a high-quality reference genome sequence and population genomic data will accelerate the breeding of common buckwheat, but the high heterozygosity due to the outcrossing nature has greatly hindered the genome assembly.

Effect of NaCl and EDDS on Heavy Metal Accumulation in in Polymetallic Polluted Soil.

The ability of plants to accumulate heavy metals is a crucial factor in phytoremediation. This study investigated the effect of NaCl and S,S-ethylenediaminesuccinic acid (EDDS) on heavy metal accumulation in in soil polluted with arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc. The addition of NaCl reduced the bioavailability of arsenic and cadmium, while EDDS increased the bioavailability of arsenic and zinc.

Rootstock increases the physiological defence of tomato plants against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato infection.

Climate change has intensified the infection of tomato plants by pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). Rootstocks may increase plant tolerance to leaf phytopathogens.

Some bee-pollinated plants provide nutritionally incomplete pollen amino acid resources to their pollinators.

For pollinators such as bees, nectar mainly provides carbohydrates and pollen provides proteins, amino acids, and lipids to cover their nutritional needs. Here, to examine differences in pollinator resources, we compared the amino acid profiles and total amino acid contents of pollen from 32 common entomophilous plants in seven families. Our results showed that the amino acid profiles and contents in pollen samples differed according to the plant family and the chromatography method used, i.

Silicon reduces zinc absorption and triggers oxidative tolerance processes without impacting growth in young plants of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a promising crop for non-food agricultural production on soils contaminated by moderate doses of heavy metals, while silicon, as a beneficial element, is frequently reported to improve stressed plant behavior. Using a hydroponic system, plants of Cannabis sativa (cv.

Comparison of Heat and Drought Stress Responses among Twelve Tartary Buckwheat () Varieties.

The use of orphan crops could mitigate the effects of climate change and improve the quality of food security. We compared the effects of drought, high temperature, and their combination in 12 varieties of Tartary buckwheat (). Plants were grown at 21/19 °C or 28/26 °C under well-watered and water-stressed conditions.

The Halophyte Species Dun. Maintains Its Reproduction despite Sodium Accumulation in Its Floral Organs.

Salinity is a growing global concern that affects the yield of crop species, including tomato (). Its wild relative was reported to have halophyte properties. We compared salt resistance of both species during the reproductive phase, with a special focus on sodium localization in the flowers.

Endogenous Polyamines and Ethylene Biosynthesis in Relation to Germination of Osmoprimed Seeds under Salt Stress.

Currently, seed priming is reported as an efficient and low-cost approach to increase crop yield, which could not only promote seed germination and improve plant growth state but also increase abiotic stress tolerance. Salinity represents one of the most significant abiotic stresses that alters multiple processes in plants. The accumulation of polyamines (PAs) in response to salt stress is one of the most remarkable plant metabolic responses.

: A Potential Halophyte Candidate for Phytoremediation in the Meta(loid)s Polluted Saline Soils.

(L.) Ledebour is a perennial facultative halophyte species from the Malvacea family that grows in coastal areas with high amounts of salt. The tolerance of to the high concentration of salt (0.

Climate Change-Induced Stress Reduce Quantity and Alter Composition of Nectar and Pollen From a Bee-Pollinated Species (, Boraginaceae).

In temperate ecosystems, elevated temperatures, and drought occur especially during spring and summer, which are crucial periods for flowering, pollination, and reproduction of a majority of temperate plants. While many mechanisms may underlie pollinator decline in the wake of climate change, the interactive effects of temperature and water stress on the quantity and quality of floral nectar and pollen resources remain poorly studied. We investigated the impact of temperature rise (+3 and +6°C) and water stress (soil humidity lower than 15%) on the floral resources produced by the bee-pollinated species .

Molecular and Biochemical Insights Into Early Responses of Hemp to Cd and Zn Exposure and the Potential Effect of Si on Stress Response.

With the intensification of human activities, plants are more frequently exposed to heavy metals (HM). Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) are frequently and simultaneously found in contaminated soils, including agronomic soils contaminated by the atmospheric fallout near smelters. The fiber crop L.

Comparison of Drought and Heat Resistance Strategies among Six Populations of and Two Cultivars of .

Within the tomato clade, is considered one of the most promising sources of genes for tomato () selection to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we compared the effects of drought, high temperature, and their combination in two cultivars of and six populations of , differing in their local habitat. Plants were grown at 21/19 °C or 28/26 °C under well-watered and water-stressed conditions.

Warm Temperatures Reduce Flower Attractiveness and Bumblebee Foraging.

(1) Background: Plants attract pollinators using several visual signals, mainly involving the display, size, shape, and color of flowers. Each signal is relevant for pollinators foraging for floral rewards, pollen, and nectar. Changes in floral signals and rewards can be induced by an increase in temperature, drought, or other abiotic stresses and are expected to increase as global temperatures rise.

Transgenerational Effects of Salt Stress Imposed to Rapeseed ( var. Del.) Plants Involve Greater Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in the Edible Sprouts Obtained from Offspring Seeds.

Previous research has demonstrated that rapeseed sprouts obtained under salinity demonstrate greater phenolic content and antioxidant activity compared to those sprouted with distilled water. This work aimed to test the hypothesis that these effects of salinity may persist into the next generation, so that offspring seeds of plants grown under salt stress may give edible sprouts with increased phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Plants of one rapeseed cultivar were grown in pots with 0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl, isolated from each other at flowering to prevent cross-pollination.

Growing and Flowering in a Changing Climate: Effects of Higher Temperatures and Drought Stress on the Bee-Pollinated Species Royle.

Drought and higher temperatures caused by climate change are common stress conditions affecting plant growth and development. The reproductive phase is particularly sensitive to stress, but plants also need to allocate their limited resources to produce floral traits and resources to attract pollinators. We investigated the physiological and floral consequences of abiotic stress during the flowering period of , a bee-pollinated species.

Salinity differently affects antioxidant content and amino acid profile in two cultivars of Amaranthus cruentus differing in salinity tolerance.

Background: Amaranthus cruentus is a promising leafy vegetable with high nutritional value and is able to cope with salt stress but the impact of sodium chloride (NaCl) on its main properties have not been studied in detail. Plants from two contrasting cultivars (Rouge: salt-tolerant and Locale: salt-sensitive) were exposed to NaCl (0, 30, 60 and 90 mmol L ) in nutrient solution for 2 weeks. Plant growth, mineral content, oxidative status and antioxidant concentration, salicylic acid concentration, protein content and amino acid profile were analyzed in the harvested leaves.

Silicon reduces cadmium absorption and increases root-to-shoot translocation without impacting growth in young plants of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) on a short-term basis.

Textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a non-edible multipurpose crop suitable for fiber production and/or phytoremediation on moderately heavy metal-contaminated soils. Experiments were conducted in nutrient solution to assess the short-term impact of silicon (Si), a well-known beneficial element, on plants exposed to 20 μM cadmium (Cd) in nutrient solution.