644 results match your criteria: "Early Symptomatic HIV Infection"

Objectives: Research suggests a high prevalence of depression and anxiety in people living with HIV, resulting in negative health outcomes and poorer help-seeking behaviours when undetected. Subsequent disease progression and non-adherence to treatment constitute a significant barrier to HIV treatment. This paper aims to identify the risk factors for the development of psychological distress and non-adherence to antiretroviral medication in people living with HIV.

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Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) was peculiarly described in the first notified cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as an opportunistic condition. However, the medical progress and the development of active antiretroviral therapy allowed the control of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, although the features of KS have changed throughout the past decades. The purpose of our study is to assess the epidemiological and clinical features of AIDS related KS in Romanian patients.

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Optimal treatment strategies to control acute HIV infection.

Infect Dis Model

October 2021

Department of Mathematics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.

Various antiretroviral therapies (ART) are administered to symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals to improve their health. The treatment effectiveness may depend on suppressing development of drug resistance, reduce evolution of new viral strains, minimize serious side effects and the costs of drugs. This paper deals with some results concerning optimal drug administration scheme successful in improving patients' health especially in poorly resourced settings.

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Introduction: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals is substantially challenged due to disease, opportunistic infections, lifelong commitment, and tolerability to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and various social, physical, and psychological domains.

Aim: This study was conducted to assess the magnitude of the impact on HRQOL in HIV-positive people from early access to ART.

Settings And Design: This was a randomized, prospective, open-label study, conducted at the ART center attached to the Government Medical College, Amritsar.

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Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic had a big impact on the health services organisation, including that of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Aim: To analyse and evaluate the influence of COVID-19 epidemic on the detection of STIs and healthcare services in a group of these patients on the base of the experience of the Department of Dermatology and Venereology and University Outpatient Clinic in Bialystok, Poland.

Material And Methods: Analysis of the number of consultations for suspicion of STIs, number of newly diagnosed cases of syphilis, gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis infections and genital herpes in two periods: January 2019 - February 2020 (before the epidemic state was introduced) and March 2020 - April 2021 (during pandemic).

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Objective: Prior studies have demonstrated an increased risk of developing cardiovascular and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the effect of chronic HIV infection in patients with preexisting PAD and requiring vascular intervention is unclear. In the present study, we assessed the differences in clinical presentation and perioperative outcomes for patients with PAD who had undergone revascularization or amputation with and without HIV infection.

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Gaps in the tuberculosis preventive therapy care cascade in children in contact with TB.

Paediatr Int Child Health

November 2021

Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.

Background: Young children (<5 years) and children living with HIV in contact with an adult with tuberculosis (TB) should receive TB preventive therapy (TPT), but uptake is low.

Aims: To determine gaps in the uptake of and adherence to TPT in child TB contacts under routine primary care clinic conditions.

Methods: A cohort of child TB contacts (age <5 years or living with HIV <15 years) was followed at a primary care clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study highlights the need for better TB screening tools among people living with HIV to identify both symptomatic and undiagnosed TB, aiming to improve treatment and care effectively.
  • Researchers developed a clinical score for predicting active TB using data from the Botswana XPRES trial, employing logistic regression and random forest machine learning, and validated it across various cohorts in South Africa.
  • The predictive model includes factors such as male sex, WHO TB symptoms, smoking history, elevated temperature, low BMI, and severe anemia, and attempts to outperform the existing WHO 4-symptom screen for TB detection.
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Objectives: The primary objective of the study is to demonstrate the efficacy of low-dose IFN-β in reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 recently infected elderly patients to progress towards severe COVID-19 versus control group within 28 days. Secondary objectives are: 1) To assess the reduction in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission in patients treated with IFN-β versus control group within 28 days of randomization 2) To assess the reduction in number of deaths in IFN- β compared to control group (day 28) 3) To evaluate the increase in proportion of participants returning to negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in IFN-β -treated versus control group at Day 14 and Day 28 4) To assess the increase in SARS-CoV-2-specific binding antibody titers in IFN-β compared to control group (day 28) 5) To assess the safety of IFN-β -treated patients versus control group TRIAL DESIGN: Randomized, Open-Label, Controlled, Superiority Phase II Study. Patients, who satisfy all inclusion criteria and no exclusion criteria, will be randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups in a ratio 2:1 (IFN-treated versus control patients).

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Objective: Examine the changes in service delivery Australian public sexual health clinics made to remain open during lockdown.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey designed and delivered on Qualtrics was emailed to 21 directors of public sexual health clinics across Australia from July-August 2020 and asked about a variety of changes to service delivery. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

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Menopausal hormone therapy for women living with HIV.

Lancet HIV

September 2021

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Women's Health Research Institute, British Columbia Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Oak Tree Clinic, British Columbia Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

People living with HIV are ageing, and a growing number of women living with HIV are entering menopause. Women living with HIV commonly have bothersome vasomotor symptoms and onset of menopause at earlier ages; both factors go on to affect quality of life and systemic health. Vasomotor symptoms and early menopause are both indications for menopausal hormone therapy; however, current evidence suggests that this therapy is seldom offered to women living with HIV.

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Self-reported motivators for HIV testing in the treat-all era among HIV positive patients in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Medicine (Baltimore)

April 2021

Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand.

To explore associations between self-reported ill-health as a primary motivator for HIV-testing and socio-demographic factors.Four local primary healthcare clinics in Johannesburg, South Africa.A total of 529 newly HIV diagnosed adults (≥18 years) enrolled from October 2017 to August 2018, participated in the survey on the same day of diagnosis.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study evaluated the effectiveness and tolerance of 1.5 g/day amoxicillin for treating syphilis, especially since intramuscular benzathine penicillin G is not available in some countries.
  • - Researchers analyzed the clinical records of 138 patients diagnosed with syphilis between 2006 and 2018, finding a serological cure rate of 94.9%, with only 1.5% needing to switch medication due to side effects.
  • - The findings indicate that 1.5 g/day amoxicillin without probenecid is a safe and effective treatment for syphilis for both HIV-positive and negative patients.
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Background: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues and millions remain vulnerable to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), attention has turned to characterizing post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).

Methods: From April 21 to December 31, 2020, we assembled a cohort of consecutive volunteers who a) had documented history of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positivity; b) were ≥ 2 weeks past onset of COVID-19 symptoms or, if asymptomatic, first test for SARS-CoV-2; and c) were able to travel to our site in San Francisco. Participants learned about the study by being identified on medical center-based registries and being notified or by responding to advertisements.

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Speed and strength of an epidemic intervention.

Proc Biol Sci

March 2021

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.

An epidemic can be characterized by its strength (i.e., the reproductive number [Formula: see text]) and speed (i.

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A detailed understanding of long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses and their relationship to humoral immunity and markers of inflammation in diverse groups of individuals representing the spectrum of COVID-19 illness and recovery is urgently needed. Data are also lacking as to whether and how adaptive immune and inflammatory responses differ in individuals that experience persistent symptomatic sequelae months following acute infection compared to those with complete, rapid recovery. We measured SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses, soluble markers of inflammation, and antibody levels and neutralization capacity longitudinally up to 9 months following infection in a diverse group of 70 individuals with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Objectives: The objective of this trial is to assess whether early antiviral therapy in outpatients with COVID-19 with either favipiravir plus lopinavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir alone, or favipiravir alone, is associated with a decrease in viral load of SARS-CoV-2 compared with placebo.

Trial Design: FLARE is a phase IIA randomised, double-blind, 2x2 factorial placebo-controlled, interventional trial.

Participants: This trial is being conducted in the United Kingdom, with Royal Free Hospital, London as the lead site.

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Background: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine has been approved for emergency use by the UK regulatory authority, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, with a regimen of two standard doses given with an interval of 4-12 weeks. The planned roll-out in the UK will involve vaccinating people in high-risk categories with their first dose immediately, and delivering the second dose 12 weeks later. Here, we provide both a further prespecified pooled analysis of trials of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and exploratory analyses of the impact on immunogenicity and efficacy of extending the interval between priming and booster doses.

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Internet of medical things (IoMT)-integrated biosensors for point-of-care testing of infectious diseases.

Biosens Bioelectron

May 2021

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA. Electronic address:

On global scale, the current situation of pandemic is symptomatic of increased incidences of contagious diseases caused by pathogens. The faster spread of these diseases, in a moderately short timeframe, is threatening the overall population wellbeing and conceivably the economy. The inadequacy of conventional diagnostic tools in terms of time consuming and complex laboratory-based diagnosis process is a major challenge to medical care.

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Hepatitis A vaccine immunogenicity 25 years after vaccination in Alaska.

J Med Virol

June 2021

Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska.

Article Synopsis
  • The hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for all children aged 1 and older, but it's unclear how long protection lasts into adulthood.
  • A study followed 25 years of Alaska Native individuals vaccinated in childhood, checking their levels of protective antibodies (anti-HAV) over time.
  • After 25 years, most participants still had protective levels of anti-HAV, suggesting that additional vaccine doses are not necessary.
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Article Synopsis
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious disease that causes many deaths, especially in people with HIV, and in 2019, Kenya had a lot of new TB cases.
  • The study looked at the role of a test called HS-CRP to help diagnose TB and predict if HIV patients might die from it.
  • They found that HS-CRP levels were higher in TB patients, and when combined with being malnourished, it could help predict who was more likely to die from TB.
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Early symptomatic neurosyphilis and ocular syphilis: A comparative study between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients.

Infect Dis Now

June 2021

AP-HP, Hôpital la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Maladies infectieuses et Tropicales, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Paris, France.

Objectives: Since the 2000s, there has been an increase in prevalence of neurosyphilis (NS) and ocular syphilis (OS). As data about symptomatic NS/OS is limited, this study aims to assess the characteristics of symptomatic NS/OS, according to HIV status.

Methods: We compared the clinical and biological presentation of early symptomatic NS/OS and its outcome in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Out of the first 54 confirmed cases by April 12, 2020, a majority were asymptomatic or presented with mild symptoms, primarily among international travelers, with only one symptomatic case detected upon entry.
  • * Overall, the study found low transmission rates among the symptomatic cases, highlighting the importance of targeted testing in identifying asymptomatic carriers and controlling the spread of the virus.
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Early treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved survival of children perinatally infected with HIV into adolescence. This population is at risk of long term complications related to HIV infection, particularly chronic respiratory disease. Limited data on chest imaging findings in HIV-infected adolescents, suggest that the predominant disease is of small and large airways: predominantly bronchiolitis obliterans or bronchiectasis.

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Background: Diabetic polyneuropathy is associated with significant physical disability among older adults. However, their frequency and correlates are not well known in the older adults in Sub-Saharan-Africa. The objectives were to evaluate the hospital-based prevalence of diabetic polyneuropathy and identify its correlates in older adults.

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