Mapping anti-diphtheria toxin antibody: a systematic review and meta-analysis with multi-level meta-regression.

Diphtheria is a reemerging vaccine-preventable infection of public health concern. Pooled estimates of serum IgG anti-diphtheria antibody levels can assist in estimating the susceptible population. The objective was to estimate pooled estimate of protective IgG anti-diphtheria antibodies in population globally.

Training on empathy skills for elderly persons to medical undergraduates: A quasi-experimental study.

Introduction: Undergraduate medical students often lack the soft skill of empathy which is considered as an important attribute for doctors. Hence, this study was conducted to improve the empathy skills among undergraduate students of a medical college in Kolkata.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Rural Health Training Centre of a medical college in Kolkata among the undergraduate medical students during community medicine posting.

Evidence is not sufficient to declare the tubal gland conglomerates as salivary.

The letter to Editor is regarding an article by Pringle et al., 2023 which presents the histological and immunohistochemical characterization of the submucosal seromucous gland conglomerate at the nasopharyngeal end of the auditory tube (AT) and compares the same with the major and minor salivary glands, while trying to substantiate the claims of a previous work by Valstar et al., 2021.

A Comparative Study of Magnesium Sulfate, Lignocaine, and Propofol for Attenuating Hemodynamic Response During Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Under General Anaesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Trial.

Objective: This study functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a surgical procedure requiring minimal bleeding to optimize the surgical field. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate, lignocaine, and propofol in attenuating hemodynamic response. The primary objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of these agents in reducing hemodynamic response.

An emerging zoonotic disease to be concerned about - a review of the nipah virus.

The Nipah Virus (NiV) was discovered in 1999 in the Sungai Nipah region of Malaysia. It is one of many emerging bat-borne zoonotic viruses that threaten global health security. The Pteropus fruit bats are identified as the natural reservoirs for the virus.

Assessment of High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis for spp. Detection in Different Clinical Manifestations of Leishmaniasis in India.

The accurate diagnosis and identification of species are crucial for the therapeutic selection and effective treatment of leishmaniasis. This study aims to develop and evaluate the use of high-resolution melting curve analysis (HRM)-PCR for species identification causing visceral leishmaniasis (VL), post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the Indian subcontinent. Two multi-copy targets (ITS-1 and 7SL-RNA genes) were selected, and an HRM-PCR assay was established using , , and standard strain DNA.

Cluster sampling methodology to evaluate immunization coverage.

Background: Immunization is a key component of primary health care and an indisputable human right. Vaccines are critical to the prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated disruptions over the past two years have strained the health systems, with many children missing out on essential childhood vaccines.

Challenging the Norm: Occurrence of Synchronous Pleural and Peritoneal Mesothelioma in a Female Patient.

Here, we present a unique case involving a female patient in her 40s with synchronous malignant pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, despite lacking a history of asbestos exposure. The patient's initial symptoms included dyspnoea, chest pain, cough, fever, appetite loss, and weight loss over a month. Clinical evaluation led to the identification of right-sided pleural effusion, prompting consideration of differential diagnoses, such as tubercular or malignant pleural effusion.

Identification of Putative Biomarkers in Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder that impairs motor abilities. Identifying maternal biomarker derangements can facilitate further evaluation for early diagnosis, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes. This study investigates the association between maternal biomarker derangements and CP development during the antenatal period.

Outcome of COVID-19 infection in patients on antihypertensives: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection frequently have hypertension as a co-morbidity, which is linked to adverse outcomes. Antihypertensives may affect the outcome of COVID-19 infection.

Aim: To assess the effects of antihypertensive agents on the outcomes of COVID-19 infection.

Gender awareness among the undergraduate medical students: A cross sectional study from Hyderabad, India.

Background: Physician trainees need to have robust gender awareness for better professional relationships and patient outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate (UG) medical students (MBBS) of a medical college in Hyderabad, India, in November 2022, to assess their gender sensitivity (GS) and gender-role ideologies.

Methods: A pretested, structured English questionnaire was used for the study, to compute the Nijmegen Gender Awareness Scale in Medicine (N-GAMS) of the participants.

A Rare Case of Vascular Malformation in India: Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita.

The current case report presents a male baby, second born to nonconsanguineous parents at 38 weeks of gestation by lower segment cesarean section, with engorged blood vessels and distinctive patterns of discoloration and dilation of blood vessels on the left leg. A Doppler of the femoral artery and vein showed normal triphasic flow and waveforms without any evidence of significant luminal stenosis. There was also a lower limb length discrepancy of 1.

Determination of sample size for various study designs in medical research: A practical primer.

Formulating a research question and selecting an appropriate study design for answering that question are crucial initial steps in the research process. The population, intervention, control group, and outcomes measures (PICO time and setting [TS]) framework provides a practical guide in this regard, which stands for population, intervention, control, outcome, type of research question, and study design. The various study designs have their own merits and demerits, and implementing the methodology meticulously requires knowledge of all of these.

Groundwater Hardness and Alkalinity As Risk Factors for Kidney Stone Disease in Alwar, India: An Ecological Study.

Introduction: Rajasthan is a semi-arid state in India where people still use groundwater for drinking purposes. However, the quality of groundwater as compared to standards have not been studied in any details. This ecological study was done to study the groundwater quality parameters in the stone-belt states, compare the quality of groundwater in Alwar with the rest of Rajasthan, and study the morbidity profile of surgical in-patients in the same district, with special emphasis on kidney stone disease (KSDs).

Role of the Surgical Approach in the Treatment of Eagle Syndrome.

 Eagle syndrome is a rare and an often misdiagnosed entity in otorhinolaryngology.  To determine the efficacy of the surgical treatment for Eagle syndrome.  The present prospective study included 25 patients who presented with complaints of pain in the throat, ear, and neck, as well as difficulty and/or pain while swallowing; they were assessed for Eagle syndrome.

Digital health literacy among the ageing population: A comparative cross-sectional study between rural and urban Telangana, India.

Background: Digital health literacy (DHL) is the confluence where health literacy meets digital literacy. DHL has been labelled as one of the digital determinants of health by the World Health Organization. The present study estimated and compared the DHL between Telangana's urban and rural ageing adults, and their potential determinants.

Exploring the role of Orexin-A neuropeptide in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological condition that affects movement and coordination. Orexin-A (OXA) is an excitatory neuropeptide that is found throughout the central nervous system. There is growing interest in investigating the potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility of OXA in PD.

Assessing the Capability of ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Microsoft Bing in Solving Radiology Case Vignettes.

 The field of radiology relies on accurate interpretation of medical images for effective diagnosis and patient care. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing have sparked interest in exploring the potential of AI models in assisting radiologists. However, limited research has been conducted to assess the performance of AI models in radiology case interpretation, particularly in comparison to human experts.

Performance of ChatGPT on the India Undergraduate Community Medicine Examination: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Medical students may increasingly use large language models (LLMs) in their learning. ChatGPT is an LLM at the forefront of this new development in medical education with the capacity to respond to multidisciplinary questions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of ChatGPT 3.

Liesegang Rings in a Patient With Pulmonary Tuberculosis: The First Report.

Liesegang rings are eosinophilic, concentric, lamellated structures that can assume a variety of shapes and sizes ranging from a few microns to hundreds of microns. To date, Liesegang rings have been reported in around 30 examples in the English literature, in the kidney, breast, female genital tract, and skin, and only a single report in the lung associated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Liesegang rings are usually incidental discoveries and have been associated with benign cystic lesions, inflammatory diseases, fibrosis, and tissue necrosis.

Antimicrobial stewardship in low- and middle-income countries: Developing a broader perspective through an ethical analysis.

The increase in the number of cases of antimicrobial resistance has gained attention worldwide. The main drivers of this situation are the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials for human and animal health. The imbalance between ensuring appropriate use of antimicrobials and providing equal access in the community makes this an ethical issue.