Designing a summative assessment blueprint in community medicine: an expert consensus approach at All India Institute of Medical Sciences.

Background: Despite the increasing integration of competency-based education in medicine, there remains a significant gap in effectively assessing educational outcomes, underscoring the urgent need for designed assessment blueprints that accurately reflect both curriculum content and competency standards in Community Medicine for undergraduate students. This study, conducted across the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) network, develops a summative assessment blueprint aimed at standardizing evaluations in medical education across diverse geographic locations in India.

Methods: Twenty-five experts from 10 All India Institutes of Medical Science were invited via email and contributed for summative assessment for a theory paper.

Transmigration of an Impacted Mandibular Canine: A Report of Two Cases.

Transmigration of an impacted mandibular canine is a rare entity. Published cases are scarce. The etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear.

Association of serum uric acid levels with glycated haemoglobin in diabetic patients and healthy controls.

Introduction: Uric acid is formed from purine degradation. Hyperuricemia has emerged as a risk factor for various metabolic diseases including Diabetes mellitus (DM). Uric acid may act as a glucometabolic indicator for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Postpartum morbidity and its determinants with special reference to anemia among urban vulnerable population in Uttar Pradesh: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The postpartum period is critically important for comprehensive obstetric care; however, most women are neglected during this important period.

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the burden of postpartum morbidities and associated factors among the urban vulnerable population in Gautam Buddha district, Uttar Pradesh.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 postpartum women in urban slums of Gautam Buddha district.

Intravitreal therapy for the management of diabetic retinopathy: A concise review.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and may result in irreversible visual loss. Laser treatment has been the gold standard treatment for diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy for many years. Of late, intravitreal therapy has emerged as a cornerstone in the management of DR.

Postpartum Depression and Its Determinants: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most prevalent psychological disorder after childbirth associated with a negative impact on the daily functioning of mothers and the cognitive development of infants. Inequitable primary mental health access in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) further aggravates this major public health problem. Objective The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence and determinants of PPD among women reporting to secondary care facilities in Delhi, India.

Diabetic retinopathy: A review on its pathophysiology and novel treatment modalities.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic non-communicable disease with the ability to cause serious microvascular and macrovascular complications throughout the body, including in the eye. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), present in one-third of patients with diabetes, is a vision-threatening complication caused by uncontrolled diabetes, which greatly affects the retinal blood vessels and the light-sensitive inner retina, eventually leading to blindness. Several epidemiological studies elucidate that DR can vary by age of onset, duration, types of diabetes, and ethnicity.

Retrieval of patent ductus arteriosus device embolization using hybrid approach: a case report.

Background: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect that requires closure to prevent complications like heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Catheter-based closure using devices such as the Amplatzer duct occluder is the preferred method due to its minimally invasive nature. However, device embolization is a rare but recognized complication, particularly in small children or high-flow PDAs.

Role of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose in Enhancing the Efficacy of Standard of Care for Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Comparative Analysis of Clinical Outcomes.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the role of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2-DG) in moderate to severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Methodology This study retrospectively analyzed the effects of 2-DG alongside Standard of Care (SOC) for moderate to severe COVID-19 in 150 patients. Eligible patients were aged 18-65, with confirmed COVID-19, who met clinical criteria for moderate or severe illness.

Speckle Tracking Echocardiography-Based Correlation Between Left Atrial Strain and Functional Capacity in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Introduction: The left atrium (LA) dilates and its function decreases as a chronic secondary change in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). LA strain is a more sensitive measure of LV filling pressure than LA volume and can be used to predict the functional capacity in HCM.

Objective: To analyze LA strain in patients with HCM and its correlation with exercise tolerance.

Exploring the Idea of Human Reproduction in Space: A Potential Area for Future Research.

As space travel evolves from brief missions to longer expeditions, and with the rise of space tourism, there is increasing interest in understanding how space travel affects human reproductive physiology and the feasibility of procreation in space. Space travel presents various potential hazards to reproductive health such as exposure to ionizing radiation, exposure to changes in gravity, psychological stress, and disruptions to the endocrine and urogenital systems, as well as the circadian rhythm. This article explores how cosmic radiation and microgravity impact both female and male gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and reproductive physiology.

Comparison of efficacy and safety between palonosetron and ondansetron to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a prevalent and distressing complication, especially in laparoscopic surgeries. This review compares the efficacy and safety of palonosetron and ondansetron in preventing PONV after laparoscopic surgery.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and Cochrane Library to identify comparative studies that reported the efficacy (nausea and vomiting) at three postoperative time points T1 (0-2 hours), T2 (2-6 hours), T3 (6-24 hours) and safety (incidence of adverse effects).

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Adults in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The global health crisis triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, known as the COVID-19 pandemic, prompted vaccination drives worldwide, including in India, to address the crisis. However, vaccine hesitancy remains a significant challenge to achieving vaccination goals. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis during 2021-2023 to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in India and identify associated factors.

Adductor canal block (ACB) plus infiltration of the posterior capsule of the knee (iPACK) block versus 4-in-1 block in an arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair: A randomised study.

Background And Aims: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair is a common sports-related surgery requiring early rehabilitation. Injection between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the knee (iPACK) provides analgesia to the posterior knee and, when combined with adductor canal block (ACB), can provide complete analgesia for knee surgery. A 4-in-1 block, a single injection, has been studied for analgesia in TKR but not ACL repair.

Mapping anti-diphtheria toxin antibody: a systematic review and meta-analysis with multi-level meta-regression.

Diphtheria is a reemerging vaccine-preventable infection of public health concern. Pooled estimates of serum IgG anti-diphtheria antibody levels can assist in estimating the susceptible population. The objective was to estimate pooled estimate of protective IgG anti-diphtheria antibodies in population globally.

Ophthalmic complications of injectable facial fillers.

The recently published mini-review article by Miotti is an effort to clarify various aspects regarding the choice between fat grafts and fillers in facial aesthetic surgery. One of the complications associated with the administration of fillers is the possibility of vascular injury and spread of the dermal filler into the orbit, causing unexpected effects at a site distant from that of the initial injection, including ophthalmoplegia, ptosis and even visual compromise. Acute vision loss following filler injection is a devastating complication, occurring in up to 0.

Combination of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Hall Technique for Caries Management in Primary Molars: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Aims And Background: Combination of different noninvasive caries arresting approaches may improve the effectiveness and success rate of individual procedures for caries management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic success rate of a combination of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application and Hall technique (HT) for the management of dentinal caries in primary molars and compare it with conventional stainless steel crown (SSC) restoration.

Materials And Methods: Children aged 4-8 years, having carious primary molars with the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) score of 5 or 6, were randomly assigned to treatment group A or B.

Role of artificial intelligence in predicting neurological outcomes in postcardiac resuscitation.

Being an extremely high mortality rate condition, cardiac arrest cases have rightfully been evaluated via various studies and scoring factors for effective resuscitative practices and neurological outcomes postresuscitation. This narrative review aims to explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting neurological outcomes postcardiac resuscitation. The methodology involved a detailed review of all relevant recent studies of AI, different machine learning algorithms, prediction tools, and assessing their benefit in predicting neurological outcomes in postcardiac resuscitation cases as compared to more traditional prognostic scoring systems and tools.

Robotic versus open pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary neoplasm: a propensity matched analysis of peri-operative and oncologic outcomes.

Introduction: Though open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) is the gold standard, robotic pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD) is on the rise due to its technical ease with robotic armamentarium and claim to decrease morbidity in the perioperative period. This study compares the perioperative and oncologic outcomes of RPD performed for periampullary neoplasms (PANs) with OPD.

Method: This is a retrospective study conducted from January 2018 to December 2023 for all the patients who underwent either OPD or RPD for PANs.

Training on empathy skills for elderly persons to medical undergraduates: A quasi-experimental study.

Introduction: Undergraduate medical students often lack the soft skill of empathy which is considered as an important attribute for doctors. Hence, this study was conducted to improve the empathy skills among undergraduate students of a medical college in Kolkata.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Rural Health Training Centre of a medical college in Kolkata among the undergraduate medical students during community medicine posting.

Lower Island Trapezius Flap for a Rare Scalp Tumor.

A 54-year-old male with a past history of acute pancreatitis and pulmonary embolism presented with a scalp tumor in the occipital region for a six-month duration. With a biopsy report of squamous cell carcinoma, wide local excision with the lower island trapezius myocutaneous flap with skin grafting was done. However, the final pathology report revealed a proliferating trichilemmal tumor with clear margins.