Comparative Study of USG and MRI in Evaluation of Isthmocele.

Objective: To study the presence of isthmocele in post-cesarean women using USG and MRI and its correlation with risk factors.

Method: This was a prospective observational study. A total of 90 patients were enrolled at the time of discharge of cesarean delivery and were advised to come for follow-up at 3-4 months for detection of isthmocele.

Electroencephalogram versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain as the Initial Investigation of Choice in Neurologically Normal Children with First Afebrile Seizure in India.

Background And Purpose: To compare the rates of clinically relevant information provided by electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain in first afebrile seizure (FAS) in children.

Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, neurologically normal children between the age of 2 and 14 years, presenting with first episode of unprovoked, afebrile generalized or partial seizures, were included. Enrolled patients were randomized into two groups.

Impact of long-term doxycycline on lung function & exacerbations: A real-world open, prospective pilot observation on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background & Objectives: Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is related to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed at assessing the tolerability and impact of long-term use of MMP inhibitor doxycycline in COPD.

Methods: A cohort of COPD patients was randomized to continue a uniform COPD treatment with or without add-on long-term oral doxycycline.

Isolated Fetal Ascites: Etiology and Prognosis - A 10-Year Experience from a Tertiary Referral Care Center in India.

Introduction: Isolated fetal ascites is an uncommon finding, and it may be difficult to elucidate the underlying pathology. This is more so when there are limited resources to investigate the patient adequately. This study was undertaken to see the etiology of isolated fetal ascites and analyze the outcomes.

Impact of Intrauterine Administration of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin before Intrauterine Insemination in Infertile Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Implantation is the rate-limiting step in the success of both intrauterine Insemination (IUI) and fertilization cycles. Numerous interventions that target various local signals have been tried to improve the implantation and clinical pregnancy rate (CPR). The most significant of these signals is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) which acts as immunomodulator and improves implantation by decidualization of the endometrial stromal cells, trophoblast invasion, proliferation of uterine natural killer cells, stimulation of endometrial angiogenesis, and maintenance of progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum.

A young lady with dyspnoea: Quest for the cause.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common cause of dyspnoea. The management and prognosis of PH varies with the underlying aetiology. Hence the detection of the cause of PH is important.

Comparison and evaluation of single-use LMA supreme versus the reusable proseal LMA in paralyzed patients undergoing surgery with controlled ventilation.

Background And Aims: The objective of this prospective randomized blinded study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Supreme as compared with the LMA Proseal.

Material And Methods: A total of 60 patients were randomised into two groups to either receive a Proseal LMA (PLMA) or Supreme LMA (SLMA) for airway management. The primary outcome was to measure oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) in both groups.

Evaluating the Viability of a Smartphone-Based Annotation Tool for Faster and Accurate Image Labelling for Artificial Intelligence in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Introduction: Deep Learning (DL) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have become widespread due to the advanced technologies and availability of digital data. Supervised learning algorithms have shown human-level performance or even better and are better feature extractor-quantifier than unsupervised learning algorithms. To get huge dataset with good quality control, there is a need of an annotation tool with a customizable feature set.

Associations of insulin-induced lipodystrophy in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus using recombinant human insulin: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Insulin-induced lipodystrophy is of two types, lipohypertrophy and lipoatrophy. Lipodystrophy often leads to worsening of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Our objective was to identify the clinical, immunological, and other factor(s) associated with the development of lipodystrophy.

Evaluation of Reproductive Outcome in Infertile Hypothyroid Women on Thyroxine Therapy.

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction is associated with increased risk of infertility. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) screening in all women seeking infertility care is recommended and hypothyroid infertile women should be treated with thyroxine until the preconception serum TSH level is <2.5 mU/l.

Mass gatherings: a review of the scope for meningococcal vaccination in the Indian context.

The risk of meningococcal transmission is increased with crowding and prolonged close proximity between people. There have been numerous invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) outbreaks associated with mass gatherings and other overcrowded situations, including cramped accommodation, such as student and military housing, and refugee camps. In these conditions, IMD outbreaks predominantly affect adolescents and young adults.

GFI1/HDAC1-axis differentially regulates immunosuppressive CD73 in human tumor-associated FOXP3 Th17 and inflammation-linked Th17 cells.

Plasticity between Th17 and Treg cells is regarded as a crucial determinant of tumor-associated immunosuppression. Classically Th17 cells mediate inflammatory responses through production of cytokine IL17. Recently, Th17 cells have also been shown to acquire suppressive phenotypes in tumor microenvironment.

Effects of Passive Head-and-Neck Movements on the Performance of i-gel Supraglottic Airway Device in Anesthetized Patients - A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Background: Passive movements of head and neck are sometimes unavoidable during surgery under general anesthesia due to patient positioning according to the needs of the surgery or transmitted movements from surgical manipulations.

Aims: This prospective crossover randomized study evaluates the effects of passive movements of the head and neck on the performance of i-gel supraglottic airway device in spontaneously breathing patients under general anesthesia.

Materials And Methods: Sixty spontaneously breathing patients on pressure support ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) under general anesthesia were randomized to seven sequences of passive head-and-neck movements with i-gel® in situ.

Prevalence of sleep disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and utility of global sleep assessment questionnaire: An observational case-control study.

Introduction: Although sleep disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common, no study has comprehensively evaluated sleep disorders in COPD, and there are no screening tools available for COPD patients. Global sleep assessment questionnaire (GSAQ) is one of the best screening tools for the general population.

Aims And Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study were to find (i) the prevalence of sleep disorders in COPD based on GSAQ score; (ii) if the GSAQ score in COPD is high compared to healthy adult population; (iii) the prevalence of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), restless leg syndrome (RLS), and depression in COPD patients; and (iv) the sensitivity and specificity of GSAQ.

Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the first trimester placenta leading to transplacental transmission and fetal demise from an asymptomatic mother.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection of the respiratory tract by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which survives in the tissues during the clinical course of infection but there is limited evidence on placental infection and vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The impact of COVID-19 in first trimester pregnancy remains poorly understood. Moreover, how long SARS-CoV-2 can survive in placenta is unknown.

A mysterious case of an elevated dome of the right diaphragm.

https://bit.ly/2UXTuw7.

Menstrual hygiene practices among women aged 15-49 years attending a medical college hospital in Kolkata: A cross-sectional study.

Background And Aims: Menstruation is a normal physiological process and a key sign of reproductive health in women in the reproductive age group. Poor menstrual hygiene affects the educational activities as well as the day to day activities of women. The objective of this study is to assess the practices of menstrual hygiene among women aged 15-49 years attending a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata and to assess their knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene.

Unveiling the Metabolic Mystery of Fragility Hip Fracture in Indian Patients: A Histomorphometric and Biochemical Correlation.

Background: High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is being reported in Indian patients with fragility hip fracture. The gold standard to diagnose osteoporosis and osteomalacia is bone histomorphometry. There is no study evaluating histopathological histomorphometry in Indian fragility hip fracture patients.

Development of a preoperative Early Warning Scoring System to identify highly suspect COVID-19 patients.

Background And Aims: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading at an unprecedented speed. Lack of resources to test every patient scheduled for surgery and false negative test results contribute to considerable stress to anesthesiologists, along with health risks to both caregivers and other patients. The study aimed to develop an early warning screening tool to rapidly detect 'highly suspect' among the patients scheduled for surgery.

Role of image-guided fine needle aspiration cytology of lung lesions in diagnosis and primary care of patients: Experience in a Government Medical College of Eastern India.

Context: Lung cancer is the most common cancer affecting males worldwide. Its incidence in females is also on an increasing trend. Other conditions affecting lung-like tuberculosis are on a rise in middle-east countries due to overcrowding and poor living conditions.