Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Exploring Hypertension and Cardiometabolic Implications.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, with significant implications for cardiometabolic health. This review focuses on the relationship between PCOS and hypertension (HTN), an area that remains underexplored despite growing evidence of its importance. PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism (HA), ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), all of which contribute to a complex metabolic profile that includes insulin resistance (IR), obesity, and dyslipidemia.

Comprehensive Review of Surgical and Radiological Management of Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis: Current Strategies and Outcomes.

Hemorrhagic pancreatitis, a severe complication of acute and chronic pancreatitis, involves bleeding due to vascular disruptions. This condition presents significant clinical challenges and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The bleeding can result from arterial or venous complications, often exacerbated by inflammatory and enzymatic damage to blood vessels within the pancreas.

Morphological study of the menisci of the knee joint in human cadaver in Jharkhand population.

Introduction: Sports are the leading cause of joint injuries, particularly in the knees. Knee menisci are an important functional unit that aids in load distribution and hence reduces stress on the knee joint. Meniscal morphology provides information on exact size and shape, which is important for meniscal transplantation in cases of meniscal damage.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E6 facilitates Calcineurin-Nuclear factor for activated T cells 2 (NFAT2) signaling to promote cellular proliferation in cervical cell carcinoma.

The calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and development in diverse cell types and organ systems. Deregulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling has been reported in leukaemias and few solid tumors such as breast and colon. In the present study, we found elevated calcineurin protein levels and phosphatase activity in cervical cancer cell lines and depletion of the same attenuated cell proliferation.

Giant appendicolith: Rare finding in a common ailment.

Acute appendicitis is one of the commonest surgical emergencies worldwide. There is considerable variation in prevalence of appendicoliths with appendicitis. Most of the patients with appendicoliths are asymptomatic and they are not pathognomic for acute appendicitis.

Thyroid cytopathology reporting by the bethesda system: a two-year prospective study in an academic institution.

Background. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) has attempted to standardize reporting and cytological criteria in aspiration smears. Aims.

Malignant pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma consequential to brief indirect asbestos exposure.

This report highlights that pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma can occur without direct asbestos exposure as was seen in our young patient. The patient had indirect exposure for as short as 3 months as a child, 15 years earlier, when she was residing with her miner father in the district of Jharia, Jharkhand, which is an asbestos-rich mining area in eastern India. The patient presented with chest pain and breathlessness.

Aggressive angiomyxoma with perineal herniation.

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor involving the pelvic-perineal region. It occurs during the third and fourth decade of life and is predominantly seen in females. It presents clinically as a soft tissue mass in variable locations such as vulva, perianal region, buttock, or pelvis.

Malignant melanoma of the rectum.

Malignant melanoma of the rectum is an extremely rare disease. It typically presents in the fifth or sixth decade of life with nonspecific complaints such as rectal bleeding or anal pain. A timely diagnosis of anal melanoma is made even more difficult by the fact that most of the lesions lack obvious pigmentation and are even histologically amelanotic.

Gossypiboma, varied presentations: a report of two cases.

A mass formed around a cotton matrix left within the body is termed as textiloma or gossypiboma. It is a rare complication of surgery most commonly seen after abdominal operations. The time of presentation may range from early post-operative period to several decades later.

Penile epidermal inclusion cyst.

We report a case of epidermal inclusion cyst of penis in a five-year-old boy, who had presented to the outpatient department of our hospital. Epidermal inclusion cysts are benign lesions that can develop in any part of the body. However, the finding of an epidermal inclusion cyst in the penis is rare.