World Heart Federation Cholesterol Roadmap: The Portuguese case.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the major cause of premature death and disability; effective cardiovascular (CV) risk prevention is fundamental. The World Heart Federation (WHF) Cholesterol Roadmap provides a framework for national policy development and aims to achieve ASCVD prevention. At the invitation of the WHF, a group of experts from the Portuguese Society of Cardiology (SPC), addressed the cholesterol burden at nationally and discussed possible strategies to include in a Portuguese cholesterol roadmap.

Hepatic hydrothorax: indwelling catheter-related infection.

Hepatic hydrothorax, a rare and debilitating complication of cirrhosis, carries high morbidity and mortality. First-line treatment consists of dietary sodium restriction and diuretic therapy. Some patients, mainly those who are refractory to medical management, will require invasive pleural drainage.

New-Onset Hemolytic Anemia after Percutaneous Paravalvular Leak Closure.

Background And Aim Of The Study: Despite being usually clinically silent, paravalvular leak can present with congestive heart failure (CHF) or haemolytic anemia. Here, the case is reported of a paravalvular leak presenting with CHF, complicated by new-onset severe hemolytic anemia after percutaneous closure with a large ventricular septal duct (VSD) occlude device.

Methods: A 57-year-old patient presented with infectious endocarditis of a native mitral valve with major mitral regurgitation and was submitted for mitral valvuloplasty.

Cardiac rehabilitation in Portugal: Results from the 2013-14 national survey.

Introduction: In recent years, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs have evolved from being limited to exercise training to comprehensive secondary prevention programs. Given the solid scientific evidence supporting them, they are given a class I recommendation in the American and European guidelines for various cardiovascular diseases, but they continue to be underused in Portugal.

Objective: To analyze the situation of CR programs in Portugal in 2013-14 and to assess developments in recent years.

Acute upper limb ischemia, a rare presentation of giant cell arteritis.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic large vessel vasculitis, with extracranial arterial involvement described in 10-15% of cases, usually affecting the aorta and its branches. Patients with GCA are more likely to develop aortic aneurysms, but these are rarely present at the time of the diagnosis. We report the case of an 80-year-old Caucasian woman, who reported proximal muscle pain in the arms with morning stiffness of the shoulders for eight months.

The Effect of inotropes and vasopressors on mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Inotropes and vasopressors are frequently administered to critically ill patients in order to improve haemodynamic function and restore adequate organ perfusion. However, some studies have suggested a possible association between inotrope administration and increased mortality. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of randomized trials published in the last 20 yr to investigate the effect of these drugs on mortality.

Streptococcus gallolyticus: a single bacteria, two different conditions.

The authors describe the case of a 48-year-old woman presenting with fever, joint pain and migratory skin lesions. She had no other symptoms or medical history. After an extensive and inconclusive work up, she was admitted to the hospital for further study.