Synchronous mixed medullary-papillary carcinoma and papillary multifocal carcinoma of the thyroid with cervical lymph node metastases.

Key Clinical Message: The occurrence of simultaneous multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma and mixed medullary-papillary carcinoma, as far as we know, has not been previously described. We suggest the surgical approach to be driven by the medullary component.

Abstract: Patient underwent total thyroidectomy with central compartment lymph node dissection.

Bull's Eye Maculopathy in Near-Infrared Reflectance as An Early Sign of Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity.

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) ocular toxicity is rare but severe, and progression can occur even after termination of therapy. Case reports have suggested that a bull's eye maculopathy detected by near-infrared reflectance (NIR) may indicate early HCQ toxicity. This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated patients treated with HCQ who underwent routine screening with optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and 10-2 perimetry.

Bone disturbances and progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice.

Objectives: Epidemiological evidence supports a link between atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. These conditions might share common pathophysiological mechanisms, with inflammation being one of the hypotheses.Apolipoprotein E deficient mice (ApoE-/-) develop atherosclerotic lesions spontaneously, further aggravated by a high-fat diet.

Bone marrow edema syndrome: an unusual cause for spontaneous unrelentless bilateral knee pain.

Bone marrow edema syndrome is a rare disease with an unknown etiology, self-limited and usually associated with an indolent course, which can also generate severe pain with tremendous functional impairment. The authors present a case of a 19-year-old female patient with a progressive, non-traumatic and unrelentless pain involving both knees, requiring persistently walking aids and analgesic drugs. The imaging studies showed a bilateral distal femur and proximal tibia bone marrow edema in the magnetic resonance imaging.

Sensitivity and specificity of MultiColor imaging in detecting proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of MultiColor imaging (MC) compared to fluorescein angiography (FA) in detecting proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and associated diabetic retinopathy features.

Methods: Fifty-nine eyes from 38 PDR patients were included. MC images were reviewed by 2 independent masked graders.

Update on Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Imaging in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a major cause of blindness in diabetic individuals. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCTA) are noninvasive imaging techniques useful for the diagnosis and assessment of PDR. We aim to review several recent developments using OCT and discuss their present and potential future applications in the clinical setting.

An uncommon cold of the retina.

A 39-year-old woman with progressive loss of vision left eye was referred for evaluation. Notably, she had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two weeks beforehand. Examination and ancillary testing confirmed atypical multifocal evanescent white dot syndrome.

Guidelines for the Management of Center-Involving Diabetic Macular Edema: Treatment Options and Patient Monitorization.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of visual impairment associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular laser, during approximately three decades, and was the single treatment option. More recently, intravitreous injections of anti-angiogenics and corticosteroids modified the treatment paradigm associated with significant vision improvements. Nevertheless, not all patients respond satisfactorily to anti-VEGF or corticosteroid injections, so an adequate treatment choice and a prompt switch in therapeutic class is recommended.

Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Aflibercept Treat and Extend for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in the ATLANTIC Study: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is far less common and studied in a Caucasian population than in an Asian population, and the optimal treatment approach remains to be confirmed.

Methods: A 52-week, double-masked, sham-controlled, phase 4, investigator-initiated randomized clinical trial (RCT) in naive symptomatic Caucasian patients with PCV treated with aflibercept in a treat-and-extend regimen (T&E) (intravitreal aflibercept injection [IVAI] T&E). Patients were randomized at week 16 to receive IVAI T&E plus either sham photodynamic therapy (PDT) or standard fluence PDT with verteporfin.

Near-infrared reflectance imaging of neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Blood is one of the main absorbers in the near-infrared spectrum and thus retinal vessels appear dark in near-infrared reflectance (NIR) images. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is characterized by abnormal neovascularization which also absorbs light and appears dark against a lighter fundus background. We analyzed neovascularization in PDR using NIR imaging, by observing changes in the neovascular complexes (NVCs) contrast and reflectivity over time.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Features of Neovascularization in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To describe features of neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: A retrospective case series was performed in 23 eyes from 21 patients who underwent OCTA of neovascular complexes (NVCs) due to PDR. Eyes were imaged with the DRI Triton swept-source OCTA, Avanti RTVue XR or Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 as part of routine clinical examination.

Fibromuscular Dysplasia Of The Renal Arteries.

A 48 year-old female patient presented with arterial hypertension. Computed tomography angiography revealed small stenoses alternating with areas of dilatation (due to small fusiform aneurysms) in the middle to distal portions of the main renal arteries, creating a "string of beads" appearance, findings in keeping with fibromuscular dysplasia.

Optical coherence tomography features of neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness due to diabetic macular edema (DME) or complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technique well established for DME but less used to assess neovascularization in PDR. Developments in OCT imaging and the introduction of OCT angiography (OCTA) have shown significant potential in PDR.

A standardized protocol of laser suture lysis in postoperative management in trabeculectomy with mitomycin C: One-year study.

Aim: To analyse the efficacy and safety of a standardized laser suture lysis protocol following trabeculectomy.

Materials And Methods: Prospective interventional study conducted at a tertiary centre, between June 2016 and July 2017. Consecutive patients undergoing primary trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (0.

The Outcomes of Switching from Short- to Long-Term Intravitreal Corticosteroid Implant Therapy in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema.

Background: First-line treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME) is usually with antivascular endothelial growth factor agents, followed by intravitreal corticosteroids as a second-line treatment option. Long-term corticosteroids may offer quality of life and effectiveness benefits over short-term implants.

Objectives: To evaluate outcomes of patients with persistent or recurrent DME who switched from a short-term (dexamethasone) to a long-term (fluocinolone acetonide, FAc) corticosteroid intravitreal implant in a real-world setting.

Prognostic implications of telomerase expression in pituitary adenomas.

Objectives: To analyse the prognostic value of telomerase expression in patients with pituitary adenomas (PAs) followed-up for at least 8 years.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of samples from 51 PAs (40 typical and 11 atypical) from patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery between 2006 and 2008 and from 10 normal pituitary glands obtained by autopsy. Telomerase expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, correlating the expression with that of Ki-67 and p53.

Novel aspects in histopathology of the pituitary gland.

The sellar and parasellar region is a complex anatomical area in which several diseases may develop. The pituitary gland may be affected by a wide range of conditions having similar clinical characteristics. Diagnosis of these lesions requires a multidisciplinary approach including, in addition to clinical, laboratory, imaging, and surgical findings, histological diagnosis of pituitary adenomas to guide therapeutic management.

[Prognostic implications of folliculo-stellate cells in pituitary adenomas: relationship with tumoral behavior].

Introduction: Despite progress in understanding its pathogenesis, there has not yet been found any independent predictive marker of aggressive behavior of pituitary adenomas, to facilitate the treatment and monitoring of patients.

Aim: To analyze the expression of folliculo-stellate cells by immunostaining with S-100 protein, in a series of patients with pituitary adenomas followed for at least seven years.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study of 51 patients diagnosed with a pituitary adenoma between 2006 and 2008 was performed, according to current criteria established by the World Health Organization.

Lower Limb Reconstruction with Tibia Allograft after Resection of Giant Aneurysmal Bone Cyst.

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign, expansible, nonneoplastic lesions of the bone, characterized by channels of blood and spaces separated by fibrous septa, which occur in young patients and, occasionally, with aggressive behavior. Giant ABC is an uncommon pathological lesion and can be challenging because of the destructive effect of the cyst on the bones and the pressure on the nearby structures, especially on weight-bearing bones. In this scenario, en bloc resection is the mainstay treatment and often demands complex reconstructions.

An extraordinary case of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma metastasis in the thyroid.

Secondary tumours of the thyroid gland account for 1.25 to 3 % in clinical series and reach 24 % in autopsy series. Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumour of chondrogenic nature; the mesenchymal variant represents less than 3 % of all chondrosarcomas, being therefore extremely rare.