The implementation and side effect management of immune checkpoint inhibitors in gynecologic oncology: a JAGO/NOGGO survey.

Background: The integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) into routine gynecologic cancer treatment requires a thorough understanding of how to manage immune-related adverse events (irAEs) to ensure patient safety. However, reports on real-world clinical experience in the management of ICIs in gynecologic oncology are very limited. The aim of this survey was to provide a real-world overview of the experiences and the current state of irAE management of ICIs in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria.

Sexual dysfunction and quality of life across age groups in multiple sclerosis patients: a prospective cross-sectional analysis.

Introduction: As the most frequent chronic neurological disorder in young adults, Multiple sclerosis (MS) significantly affects neurological function, particularly the autonomic nervous system. While the physical symptoms are visible, MS also causes hidden effects like sexual dysfunction. Research indicates that sexual disorders are more prevalent in MS patients compared to other neurological conditions and are approximately five times more common than in the general population.

Barriers and facilitators of integrated hepatitis B, C, and HIV screening among pregnant mothers and newborns attending maternal and newborn clinics in Koboko District, Uganda: a qualitative inquiry of providers' perspective.

Background: HIV and HBV remain significant public health challenges characterized by high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, especially among women of reproductive age in Uganda. Patients with HBV do not receive routine counselling and education, and there are limited resources for laboratory investigation coupled with a high loss to follow-up. This study set out to assess barriers and facilitators of integrated viral hepatitis B C and HIV care model to optimize screening uptake among mothers and newborns at health facilities in Koboko District, west Nile sub-region, Uganda.

AI-based analysis of fetal growth restriction in a prospective obstetric cohort quantifies compound risks for perinatal morbidity and mortality and identifies previously unrecognized high risk clinical scenarios.

Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a leading risk factor for stillbirth, yet the diagnosis of FGR confers considerable prognostic uncertainty, as most infants with FGR do not experience any morbidity. Our objective was to use data from a large, deeply phenotyped observational obstetric cohort to develop a probabilistic graphical model (PGM), a type of "explainable artificial intelligence (AI)", as a potential framework to better understand how interrelated variables contribute to perinatal morbidity risk in FGR.

Methods: Using data from 9,558 pregnancies delivered at ≥ 20 weeks with available outcome data, we derived and validated a PGM using randomly selected sub-cohorts of 80% (n = 7645) and 20% (n = 1,912), respectively, to discriminate cases of FGR resulting in composite perinatal morbidity from those that did not.

Associations between systemic inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2017-2020.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a primary cause of chronic liver disease, with potential progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although systemic inflammatory biomarkers are associated with liver diseases, their specific role in MASLD remains unclear. This study examines the association between systemic inflammatory biomarkers and MASLD.

How does BMI correlate with menarche onset? Evidence from the Italian HBSC cross-sectional study.

Menarche is an important period in a female's life; its time of onset may depend on various factors and could correlate with the development of diseases in adulthood. Our study aims to investigate the relationship between body mass index and age at onset of menarche; METHODS: We used a unique standardized national dataset on adolescent girls participating in the Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study. Two independent nationally representative survey datasets: one on 15-year-olds (n = 6505, year 2017/2018) and one on 11-year-olds (n = 6548, year 2013/2014) were analysed.

Knights in shining armour and (M)others in life jackets: Women's experiences of advocating for care alone when suffering recurrent early pregnancy loss during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Background: Recurrent early pregnancy loss [rEPL] is a traumatic experience, marked by feelings such as grief and depression, and often anxiety. Despite this, the psychological consequences of rEPL are often overlooked, particularly when considering future reproductive health or approaching subsequent pregnancies. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to significant reconfiguration of maternity care and a negative impact on the perinatal experience, but the specific impact on women's experience of rEPL has yet to be explored.

Silent witnesses: unveiling the epidemic of femicides in North-west Tshwane, South Africa - a decade of analysis.

Background: Femicides, defined as the gender-based killing of women, are a pressing public health issue worldwide, with South Africa experiencing some of the highest rates globally. This study focuses on the North-west region of Tshwane, particularly the Garankuwa area, aiming to address gaps in understanding the epidemiology, demographics, circumstances, and pathology associated with femicides. The Garankuwa mortuary serves as the primary site for this investigation, providing a detailed analysis over a ten-year period, shedding light on contributing risk factors in the context of systemic gender inequality.

The relationship between sarcopenia and mental health status in Chinese older adults: the mediating role of activities of daily living.

Background: Most existing studies focus on either the relationship between sarcopenia and depressive symptoms or sarcopenia and cognitive functions. Few studies have examined depressive symptoms and cognitive functions simultaneously. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between sarcopenia and both depressive symptoms and cognitive functions in the elderly by introducing activities of daily living to explore the mediating role of activities of daily living between sarcopenia and mental health.

Post COVID glaucoma service redesign utilising electronic patient triage and community optometry clinics (Fife, Scotland 2020-2022).

Background: COVID-19 caused a huge backlog of patients in glaucoma clinics. This study describes redesign of an entire glaucoma service with electronic patient triage to three levels and utilisation of the Scottish optometry infrastructure of upskilled optometrists.

Methods: 2276 patients in glaucoma clinics were identified and triaged to three levels in keeping with Glauc-strat-fast guidance with local amendments.

Explore the factors related to the death of offspring under age five and appraise the hazard of child mortality using machine learning techniques in Bangladesh.

Background: Child mortality is a reliable and significant indicator of a nation's health. Although the child mortality rate in Bangladesh is declining over time, it still needs to drop even more in order to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Machine Learning models are one of the best tools for making more accurate and efficient forecasts and gaining in-depth knowledge.

The association between gestational selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment and newborn thyroid screen: a large-scale cohort study.

Background: The diagnosis of depression or anxiety treated by SSRIs has become relatively common in women of childbearing age. However, the impact of gestational SSRI treatment on newborn thyroid function is lacking. We explored the impact of gestational SSRI treatment on newborn thyroid function as measured by the National Newborn Screening (NBS) Program and identified contributory factors.

Increased plasma DOPA decarboxylase levels in Lewy body disorders are driven by dopaminergic treatment.

DOPA Decarboxylase (DDC) has been proposed as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker with increased concentrations in Lewy body disorders (LBDs) and highest levels in patients receiving dopaminergic treatment. Here we evaluate plasma DDC, measured by proximity extension assay, and the effect of dopaminergic treatment in three independent LBD (with a focus on dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD)) cohorts: an autopsy-confirmed cohort (n = 71), a large multicenter, cross-dementia cohort (n = 1498) and a longitudinal cohort with detailed treatment information (n = 66, median follow-up time[IQR] = 4[4, 4] years). Plasma DDC was not altered between different LBDs and other disease groups or controls in absence of treatment.

Examining the Influence of Alexithymia, Gender, and Age on Drug Use among Iranian Students: the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Difficulties.

The objective of the present study was to predict drug use among Iranian students on the basis of alexithymia, gender, age, and the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulty. This research employed a descriptive-correlational approach (structural equation modeling). The statistical population included 400 high school students studying during the 2023-2024 academic year in the cities of Khorramabad and Ardabil.

A deep learning analysis for dual healthcare system users and risk of opioid use disorder.

The opioid crisis has disproportionately affected U.S. veterans, leading the Veterans Health Administration to implement opioid prescribing guidelines.

Strength and durability of indirect protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection through vaccine and infection-acquired immunity.

Early investigation revealed a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among social contacts of COVID-19 vaccinated individuals, referred to as indirect protection. However, indirect protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection-acquired immunity and its comparative strength and durability to vaccine-derived indirect protection in the current epidemiologic context of high levels of vaccination, prior infection, and novel variants are not well characterized. Here, we show that both vaccine-derived and infection-acquired immunity independently yield indirect protection to close social contacts with key differences in their strength and waning.

Is the treatment of ankle osteoarthritis changing over time in Italy? Analysis of temporal trends for fusion and arthroplasty in a population-based study from 2001 to 2022 on the National Hospital Discharge Record database.

Background: Treatment of ankle osteoarthritis by total ankle replacement (TAR) is increasing worldwide. The aim of the study was to present the overall temporal trends of TAR throughout 22 years (2001-2022) in Italy, analyzing the distributions of hospitals by volume of activity and patients by age and sex, drawing on the National Hospital Discharge Record database. Furthermore, as a secondary aim, we compared these trends with those of ankle fusions.

Comparison of the incidence of proteinuria and changes in eGFR among febuxostat and topiroxostat users.

Background: Febuxostat and topiroxostat are non-purine selective xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors commonly used for hyperuricaemia treatment in Japan. However, comparative data on the effects of febuxostat and topiroxostat on renal function and proteinuria are limited. This study compared proteinuria incidence and changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among prevalent febuxostat and topiroxostat users.

Bibliometric analysis of published works in ocular trauma: a growing focus on open globe injury.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends and characteristics of ocular trauma research published from 2000 to 2022 to delineate the trajectory of the field's research, provide information about the network of key contributors, and help determine future research strategies and direction.

Methods: Web of Science was queried for published works using a series of keywords relating to ocular trauma: "globe rupture", "ruptured globe", "globe injury", "ocular trauma", "intraocular foreign body", "eye trauma", "eye injury", and "traumatic endophthalmitis". All article information was compiled using the VOSviewer software.

Fairness in Low Birthweight Predictive Models: Implications of Excluding Race/Ethnicity.

Context: To evaluate algorithmic fairness in low birthweight predictive models.

Study Design: This study analyzed insurance claims (n = 9,990,990; 2013-2021) linked with birth certificates (n = 173,035; 2014-2021) from the Arkansas All Payers Claims Database (APCD).

Methods: Low birthweight (< 2500 g) predictive models included four approaches (logistic, elastic net, linear discriminate analysis, and gradient boosting machines [GMB]) with and without racial/ethnic information.

Three-dimensional semi-autotamatic segmentation of nasolacrimal duct morphometry on computed tomography images.

Purpose: Given the potential role of nasolacrimal duct (NLD) morphometry in the aetiology of primary acquired obstructions, it is imperative that clinicians have access to detailed anatomical information. The aim of this study was to determine normative data on nasolacrimal duct morphometry in the Turkish population sample and to provide guidelines for clinicians.

Methods: The study included retrospectively computed tomography images of a healthy Turkish population sample of 151 individuals, 79 of whom were female and 72 of whom were male.

Self-reported prevalence and risk factors associated with keratoconus among the adult population of Trinidad and Tobago: a cross-sectional study.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of keratoconus and its associated risk factors within the adult population of Trinidad and Tobago.

Method: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in Trinidad and Tobago, utilizing the Keratoconus Risk Assessment Questionnaire (KRIS) for data collection. Data were exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 for analysis.

Diagnostic accuracy of ultra-low-dose chest CT vs chest X-ray for acute non-traumatic pulmonary diseases.

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of ULDCT to CXR for detecting non-traumatic pulmonary diseases at the emergency department (ED) and to study diagnostic confidence levels.

Methods: Secondary analysis of the prospective OPTIMACT trial (2418 ED participants randomly allocated to ULDCT or CXR). Diagnoses at imaging at the ED were compared to the reference diagnosis on day 28.

Mental disorders related to psychosocial factors among delivery workers: results of a web survey in Brazil.

Purpose: The number of delivery workers (DW) has grown significantly with the rise of the platform economy. Evidence suggests that the working conditions faced by these workers are precarious, however, less is known about the health implications among workers. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of mental disorders (MD) and occupational factors related to this condition among DW.