Summating Potential as Marker of Intracochlear Position in Bipolar Electrocochleography.

Objectives: Cochlear implantation criteria include subjects with residual low-frequency hearing. To minimize implantation trauma and to avoid unwanted interactions of electric- and acoustic stimuli, it is often recommended to stop cochlear implantation before the cochlear implant (CI) reaches the cochlear partition with residual hearing, as determined by an audiogram. For this purpose, the implant can be used to record acoustically evoked signals during implantation, including cochlear compound action potentials (CAP), cochlear microphonics (CMs), and summating potentials (SPs).

Dynamic microscopic optical coherence tomography to visualize the morphological and functional micro-anatomy of the airways.

In the imaging of airway tissue, optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides cross-sectional images of tissue structures, shows cilia movement and mucus secretion, but does not provide sufficient contrast to differentiate individual cells. By using fast sequences of microscopic resolution OCT (mOCT) images, OCT can use small signal fluctuations to overcome lack in contrast and speckle noise. In this way, OCT visualizes airway morphology on a cellular level and allows the tracking of the dynamic behavior of immune cells, as well as mucus transport and secretion.

Deficient Recurrent Cortical Processing in Congenital Deafness.

The influence of sensory experience on cortical feedforward and feedback interactions has rarely been studied in the auditory cortex. Previous work has documented a dystrophic effect of deafness in deep cortical layers, and a reduction of interareal couplings between primary and secondary auditory areas in congenital deafness which was particularly pronounced in the top-down direction (from the secondary to the primary area). In the present study, we directly quantified the functional interaction between superficial (supragranular, I to III) and deep (infragranular, V and VI) layers of feline's primary auditory cortex A1, and also between superficial/deep layers of A1 and a secondary auditory cortex, namely the posterior auditory field (PAF).

Distinct multisensory perceptual processes guide enhanced auditory recognition memory in older cochlear implant users.

In naturalistic situations, sounds are often perceived in conjunction with matching visual impressions. For example, we see and hear the neighbor's dog barking in the garden. Still, there is a good chance that we recognize the neighbor's dog even when we only hear it barking, but do not see it behind the fence.

Cerebellum Tumor Presenting Itself With Positional Vertigo and Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.

The purpose of this case is to describe the positional vertigo observed in a patient diagnosed with cerebellar arteriovenous malformation, pay attention to the importance of medical history taking and physical examination in vertigo patients.A 51-year-old patient went to the Ear, Nose, and Throat clinic with a complaint of vertigo. His vertigo was like peripheral vertigo at the beginning.

Pharmacokinetics of Single Dose Lidocaine and Epinephrine Following Iontophoresis of the Tympanic Membrane in a Double-Blinded Randomized Trial.

Objective: To evaluate local and systemic safety of bilateral iontophoretic administration of lidocaine with epinephrine or lidocaine alone to the tympanic membrane (TM).

Study Design: A randomized, double-blind, two-arm study was conducted at a single center. Healthy adults were randomized to bilateral iontophoretic treatment with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine, or 2% lidocaine (control).

Olfactory dysfunction and oxidative stress in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the first-trimester pregnancy serum total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and serum estradiol levels as well as the olfactory functions assessed using the brief smell identification test (BSIT) of women with healthy pregnancies and those with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).

Methods: In this prospective study, 60 pregnant women in the first trimester of their pregnancies were divided into two groups: 30 pregnant women with HG (study group) and 30 healthy pregnant women (control group). The following parameters were compared in the HG group and the healthy controls: TOS, TAS, serum levels of estradiol (E2), and olfactory function, which was measured using BSIT.

Deafness Weakens Interareal Couplings in the Auditory Cortex.

The function of the cerebral cortex essentially depends on the ability to form functional assemblies across different cortical areas serving different functions. Here we investigated how developmental hearing experience affects functional and effective interareal connectivity in the auditory cortex in an animal model with years-long and complete auditory deprivation (deafness) from birth, the congenitally deaf cat (CDC). Using intracortical multielectrode arrays, neuronal activity of adult hearing controls and CDCs was registered in the primary auditory cortex and the secondary posterior auditory field (PAF).

Level coding by phase duration and asymmetric pulse shape reduce channel interactions in cochlear implants.

Conventional loudness coding with CIs by pulse current amplitude has a disadvantage: Increasing the stimulation current increases the spread of excitation in the auditory nerve, resulting in stronger channel interactions at high stimulation levels. These limit the number of effective information channels that a CI user can perceive. Stimulus intensity information (loudness) can alternatively be transmitted via pulse phase duration.

The efficacy of adenotonsillectomy on oxidative stress evaluated by thiol / disulfide balance.

Background: Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. Upper airway obstruction has been identified as a risk factor for increased oxidative stress-related disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea. The effect of adenotonsillar hypertrophy, which may result in a narrowing of the upper airways, on oxidative stress can be a valuable subject of research.

Simultaneous cochlear implantation and removal of acoustic neuroma: implications for hearing.

Objective: To present our data evaluating the feasibility of simultaneous cochlear implantation with resection of acoustic neuroma.

Methods: This paper describes a case series of eight adult patients with a radiologically suspected acoustic neuroma, treated at a tertiary referral centre in Newcastle, Australia, between 2012 and 2015. Patients underwent cochlear implantation concurrently with removal of an acoustic neuroma.

First results of electrode reimplantation and its hypothetical dependence from artificial brain maturation.

Background: After introducing the first Cochlear Implants also in children theses are grown with electrical intracochlear stimulation and subsequent auditory cortical development. Over the meantime the positioning of the electrode was changed orientated on the development of electrode design, ability to insert atraumatic and on the widening of the indications towards highfrequency deafness.

Methods: In this pilot study we analysed five prelingually deafened patients implanted as child in the late 90's and had a reimplantation 2016 or later.

Does Mastoid Pneumatization Affect Facial Canal Dimensions and Distances of Facial Tympanic Segment-Scutum and Lateral Semicircular Canal-Scutum?

Objectives: In the present study, we investigated whether mastoid pneumatization affects facial canal dimensions and distances of facial tympanic segment and scutum, and lateral semicircular (LSS) canal and scutum.

Methods: One hundred sixty-one temporal multidetector computed tomography scans were reviewed. Patients with unilateral sclerotic mastoid pneumatization (no aeration) (group 1, n = 81) and unilateral total mastoid pneumatization (100.

In-Office Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Children Using Iontophoresis and Automated Tube Delivery.

Objectives/hypothesis: Evaluate technical success, tolerability, and safety of lidocaine iontophoresis and tympanostomy tube placement for children in an office setting.

Study Design: Prospective individual cohort study.

Methods: This prospective multicenter study evaluated in-office tube placement in children ages 6 months through 12 years of age.

Can MDCT Scan of the Temporal Bone Looking at Pneumatization Predict Surgical Vulnerability of the Facial Nerve?

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the scutum-cochleariform process (CP) and scutum-promontorium distances according to the mastoid pneumatization condition.

Methods: Two hundred temporal multidetector computed tomography scans (90 males and 110 females) were evaluated retrospectively. The scutum-CP and scutum-promontorium distances were measured.

Olfactory Fossa and New Angle Measurements: Lateral Lamella-Cribriform Plate Angle.

Objectives: The authors investigated the olfactory fossa (OF) in patients with unilateral nasal septal deviation (NSD) and presented the lateral lamella-cribriform plate angle (LLCPA).

Methods: Paranasal sinus computed tomography images of 300 adult subjects with unilateral NSD (111 males, 189 females) were evaluated retrospectively. Septal deviation angle (SDA), Keros Classification, OF depth and width, LLCPA; and orbital plate and cribriform plate (OPCP) distance were measured.

Categorical processing of fast temporal sequences in the guinea pig auditory brainstem.

Discrimination of temporal sequences is crucial for auditory object recognition, phoneme categorization and speech understanding. The present study shows that auditory brainstem responses (ABR) to pairs of noise bursts separated by a short gap can be classified into two distinct groups based on the ratio of gap duration to initial noise burst duration in guinea pigs. If this ratio was smaller than 0.

Animal and human studies on developmental monaural hearing loss.

Asymmetric hearing has been the focus of many studies on brain plasticity in the past. Recently, the topic has gained clinical importance in cases with sequential cochlear implantation or in cases with deafness in one ear and preserved hearing in the other ear. Convergent evidence from animal experiments and from hearing impaired children suggest that asymmetric hearing during early development can reorganize the central auditory representation of the two ears with the consequence of a "stronger" representation of the better hearing ear with a "weaker" representation of the other, more poorly hearing, ear.

Consensus on the methodology for experimental studies in allergic rhinitis.

Objectives: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced by allergen exposure, which triggers immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammation of the nasal membranes. Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common health problems and has a major effect on the quality of life.

Methods: In this review, we aimed to provide a consensus for experimental studies on allergic rhinitis in terms of allergic rhinitis models.

Effect of Electronic Cigarettes on the Inner Mucosa of the Craniofacial Region.

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to investigate electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) from the otorhinolaryngologic point of view.

Methods: The authors searched Central Database of Kirikkale University Library, Google, PubMed, and Proquest and Google Scholar.

Results: An electronic cigarette or e-cigarette is a battery-powered device that vaporizes a liquid, generally including nicotine.

Neuronal Development of Hearing and Language: Cochlear Implants and Critical Periods.

The modern cochlear implant (CI) is the most successful neural prosthesis developed to date. CIs provide hearing to the profoundly hearing impaired and allow the acquisition of spoken language in children born deaf. Results from studies enabled by the CI have provided new insights into () minimal representations at the periphery for speech reception, () brain mechanisms for decoding speech presented in quiet and in acoustically adverse conditions, () the developmental neuroscience of language and hearing, and () the mechanisms and time courses of intramodal and cross-modal plasticity.

Olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth in patients with Behçet's disease.

Objective: To investigate olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth in patients with Behçet's disease, using magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods: Cranial magnetic resonance imaging scans of 27 adults with Behçet's disease (10 males and 17 females) and 27 healthy controls were examined. Olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sulcus depth were measured on coronal, T2-weighted, spectral pre-saturation with inversion recovery sequences.

Intracochlear near infrared stimulation: Feasibility of optoacoustic stimulation in vivo.

Intracochlear optical stimulation has been suggested as an alternative approach to hearing prosthetics in recent years. This study investigated the properties of a near infrared laser (NIR) induced optoacoustic effect. Pressure recordings were performed at the external meatus of anaesthetized guinea pigs during intracochlear NIR stimulation.

Role of Superantigens in Allergic Inflammation: Their Relationship to Allergic Rhinitis, Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Asthma, and Atopic Dermatitis.

Objectives: Our intention was to review all material published to date regarding superantigens (SAgs) and allergy from an otorhinolaryngological viewpoint to understand this association more clearly.

Methods: We identified all materials published mentioning both SAg and allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic sinusitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis (AD) that are indexed on PubMed, Google, or the ProQuest Central databases.

Results: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant bacterial pathogen in humans and has the ability to produce enterotoxins with superantigenic features.