Challenges and Prospects in Epilepsy Monitoring Units: A Comprehensive Review of Logistic Barriers.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases with a prevalence ranging from 0.5% to 2% in different sittings. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that nearly 80% of this burden is borne by resource-poor countries where even conventional electroencephalogram (EEG) coverage is dramatically short.

Emergent Management of Status Epilepticus.

Objective: Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency that can be life- threatening. The key to effective management is recognition and prompt initiation of treatment. Management of status epilepticus requires a patient-specific-approach framework, consisting of four axes: (1) semiology, (2) etiology, (3) EEG correlate, and (4) age.

Predictors of seizure detection and EEG clinical impact in an italian tertiary emergency department.

Background And Objectives: Epileptic seizures pose challenges in emergency departments (ED), affecting up to 10% of admitted patients. This study aimed to assess emergency electroencephalogram (EmEEG) utilization, identifying factors predicting seizure detection and its influence on clinical decisions.

Methods: A retrospective review of 1135 EmEEGs on 1017 patients at a tertiary teaching hospital between June 2022 and June 2023 was conducted.

The role of EEG and neuroimaging in the diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus in Subacute Encephalopathy with Seizures in Alcoholics (SESA syndrome): a case report and overview of the literature.

Epileptic seizures are frequently associated with liver dysfunction and alcoholism. Subacute encephalopathy with seizures in chronic alcoholics (SESA) is an underrecognized condition with peculiar clinical, EEG and neuroradiological features.We report the case of a 58-year-old man with previous alcohol use disorder (AUD) and acute-on chronic liver failure on alcohol-related cirrhosis, referred for urgent Orthotopic Liver Transplantation evaluation.

Prognostic factors underlying the development of drug-resistant epilepsy in patients with autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The aim of our study was to analyze the characteristics of patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) to identify prognostic factors associated with the development of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).

Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, we enrolled adult patients with AE between January 2016 and December 2022. The patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of DRE at the last follow-up.

Clinical analysis of developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep: A single tertiary care center experience in China.

Purpose: To analyze the electroclinical features of patients with developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (DEE/EE-SWAS) and study the efficacy of different therapies on seizure control, electroencephalogram (EEG) improvements of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES), and cognition outcomes.

Methods: Patients with DEE/EE-SWAS who underwent at least one follow-up EEG 3 months after therapy were retrospectively enrolled. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed.

Distinct profiles of cerebral oxygenation in focal vs. secondarily generalized EEG seizures in children undergoing cardiac surgery.

Objectives: Seizures are common in children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Cerebral oxygen saturation (ScO) by near-infrared spectroscopy is routinely monitored in many centers, but the relations between the levels and changes of ScO and brain injuries remain incompletely understood. We aimed to analyze the postoperative profiles of ScO and cerebral blood flow velocity in different types of EEG seizures in relation to brain injuries on MRI.

Sex differences in cholinergic signaling affect functional outcomes for theta-gamma coordination in hippocampal subcircuits following experimental febrile status epilepticus.

Objective: Sex determines cognitive outcome in animal models of early life seizure, where males exhibit impaired hippocampal-dependent learning and memory compared with females. The physiological underpinnings of this sex effect are unclear. Cholinergic signaling is essential for the generation of hippocampal oscillations, and supplementation of cholinergic precursors prior to status epilepticus in immature male rats prevents subsequent memory deficits.

Use of perampanel oral suspension for the treatment of refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus.

Introduction: Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency associated with a significant risk of disability and death. The treatment of SE follows a step-wise approach, with limited data on ideal antiseizure medications (ASMs) for refractory and super refractory SE (RSE/SRSE). Perampanel (PER), an AMPA receptor antagonist, has shown promise in animal models but still has limited data in humans.

Doxycycline for the treatment of nodding syndrome: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

Background: Nodding syndrome is a poorly understood neurological disorder that predominantly occurs in Africa. We hypothesised that nodding syndrome is a neuroinflammatory disorder, induced by antibodies to Onchocerca volvulus or its Wolbachia symbiont, cross-reacting with host neuronal proteins (HNPs), and that doxycycline can be used as treatment.

Methods: In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial, we recruited participants from districts affected by nodding syndrome in northern Uganda.

Brief apnea with hypoventilation reduces seizure duration and shifts seizure location for several hours in a model of severe traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Seizures can be difficult to control in infants and toddlers. Seizures with periods of apnea and hypoventilation are common following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We previously observed that brief apnea with hypoventilation (A&H) in our severe TBI model acutely interrupted seizures.

FADD gene pathogenic variants causing recurrent febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: Case report and literature review.

FIRES and NORSE are clinical presentations of disease processes that, to date, remain unexplained without an established etiology in many cases. Neuroinflammation is thought to have paramount importance in the genesis of these conditions. We hereby report the clinical, EEG, brain MRI, and genetic findings of a nuclear family with recurrent febrile-related encephalopathy with refractory de novo Status Epilepticus.

Epilepsia partialis continua: A review.

Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is a rare type of focal motor seizure characterized by continuous, involuntary muscle contractions in a specific part of the body. These contractions usually involve rhythmic, twitching movements and can last for several hours to days. The seizures are usually limited to one part of the body and can be clonic or dystonic.

Survey of Pediatric Status Epilepticus Treatment Practices and Adherence to Management Guidelines (Pedi-SPECTRUM e-Survey).

Aim: Survey of treatment practices and adherence to pediatric status epilepticus (PSE) management guidelines in India.

Methods: This eSurvey was conducted over 35 days (15th October to 20th November 2023) and included questions related to hospital setting; antiseizure medications (ASMs); ancillary treatment; facilities available; etiology; and adherence to PSE management guidelines.

Results: A total of 170 respondents participated, majority of them were working in tertiary level hospitals (94.

Periodic discharges and status epilepticus: A critical reappraisal.

Objective: Periodic Discharges (PDs) in Status Epilepticus (SE) are historically related to negative outcome, and the Epidemiology-based Mortality Score in SE (EMSE) identifies PDs as an EEG feature associated with unfavorable prognosis. However, supportive evidence is conflicting. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic significance of interictal PDs during and following SE.

Efficacy and Safety of Pulse Intravenous Methylprednisolone in Pediatric Epileptic Encephalopathies: Timing and Networks Consideration.

Epileptic encephalopathies (EE) are characterized by severe drug-resistant seizures, early onset, and unfavorable developmental outcomes. This article discusses the use of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) pulse therapy in pediatric patients with EE to evaluate its efficacy and tolerability. This is a retrospective study from 2020 to 2023.

Case Report: Non-convulsive seizure following traumatic brain injury - a significant occurrence that needs to be considered due to potential long-term sequelae.

Introduction/background: Non convulsive seizures (NCS) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may remain undiagnosed due to lack of overt clinical manifestation and can have long-term sequelae due to delay in timely treatment. Occurrence of early NCS is known to have subsequent neurologic sequelae due to excitotoxic neuronal injury.

Case Report: This is a case report of a young girl who sustained a TBI due to a motor vehicle accident (MVA) and was admitted with a fluctuating level of consciousness.

Ictal Direct Current Shifts Preceded Much Earlier Than High Frequency Oscillations After Status: Is It the Effect of Status or Antiseizure Medication?

Purpose: While spikes and sharp waves are considered as markers of epilepsy in conventional electroencephalography, ictal direct current (DC) shifts and high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) appear to be useful biomarkers for epileptogenicity. We analyzed how ictal DC shifts and HFOs were affected by focal status epilepticus and antiseizure medications (ASMs).

Methods: A 20-year-old female patient who underwent long-term intracranial electrode implantation for epilepsy surgery presented with 72 habitual seizures and a focal status epilepticus episode lasting for 4 h.

Health care disparities in morbidity and mortality in adults with acute and remote status epilepticus: A national study.

Objective: Although disparities have been described in epilepsy care, their contribution to status epilepticus (SE) and associated outcomes remains understudied.

Methods: We used the 2010-2019 National Inpatient Sample to identify SE hospitalizations using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM)/ICD-10-CM codes. SE prevalence was stratified by demographics.

Efficacy and safety of phenytoin and levetiracetam for acute symptomatic seizures in children with acute encephalitis syndrome: an open label, randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Seizures represent a significant comorbidity in children with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). Despite this, there is a notable absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) directly comparing antiseizure medications (ASMs) in children with AES.

Materials And Methods: This RCT aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of phenytoin and levetiracetam in controlling seizures among children with AES.

Hypothermia as potential therapeutic approach to attenuating soman-induced seizure, neuropathology, and mortality with an adenosine A receptor agonist and body cooling.

Organophosphorus nerve agents, such as soman (GD), produce excitotoxic effects resulting in sustained status epilepticus (SSE) and brain damage. Previous work shows that neuronal inhibitory effects of A adenosine receptor (AAR) agonists, such as N- Bicyclo (2.2.