Utility of electroencephalography in toxin-induced seizures.

Introduction: Toxin-induced seizures differ from seizures occurring in epilepsy and have a high rate of complications. Electroencephalography (EEG) is routinely obtained when there is concern for nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). The purpose of this study was to characterize the typical findings after toxin-induced seizures, assess the rate of epileptiform discharges and NCSE, and identify any changes in management resulting from EEG.

Correlation between serum galanin and neuron-specific enolase levels with EEG abnormalities in pediatric convulsive status epilepticus and the efficacy of triple drug therapy.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between serum galanin (GAL) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels in children with convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) and their relationship with abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. Additionally, the study assessed the effectiveness of a combination therapy involving midazolam, diazepam, and phenobarbital in treating CSE.

Patients And Methods: The research involved 100 children diagnosed with CSE and included a control group of 50 healthy children.

Neurological outcomes and mortality after neonatal seizures with electroencephalographical verification. A systematic review.

Aim: To conduct a systematic review of post-neonatal neurological outcomes and mortality following neonatal seizures with electroencephalographical verification.

Methods: The databases Medline, Embase and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies. All abstracts were screened in a blinded fashion between research team members and reports found eligible were obtained and screened in full text by two members each.

Immediate and long-term management practices of acute symptomatic seizures and epileptiform abnormalities: A cross-sectional international survey.

Objectives: Acute symptomatic seizures (ASyS) and epileptiform abnormalities (EAs) on electroencephalography (EEG) are commonly encountered following acute brain injury. Their immediate and long-term management remains poorly investigated. We conducted an international survey to understand their current management.

The burden of epilepsy on long-term outcome of genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: A single tertiary center longitudinal retrospective cohort study.

Background: This retrospective cohort analysis highlighted neurodevelopmental outcome predictors of genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE).

Patients And Methods: Patients' demographic, clinical and molecular genetics data were collected. All patients underwent clinical, developmental, and neuropsychological assessments.

Time to FIRE NORSE: A single acronym for a heterogeneous presentation. Further information from a case series and discussion of the literature.

Purpose: New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) is a rare and severe form of refractory status epilepticus without an apparent underlying cause at presentation or prior history of epilepsy. We aimed to describe the clinical features, etiology, treatment, and outcomes of NORSE in adults in a quaternary-level hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Methodology: In this retrospective cohort study, inclusion criteria involved patients over 14 years old who met the 2018 consensus definition for NORSE.

Epileptiform electroencephalogram discharges increase seizure recurrence risk in patients with acute symptomatic seizure due to a structural brain lesion.

Objective: The risk factors for seizure recurrence after acute symptomatic seizure due to a structural brain lesion are not well established. The aim of this study was to analyze possible associations between demographic, clinical, and electroencephalographic variables and epilepsy development in patients with acute symptomatic seizure due to an acute structural brain lesion.

Methods: We designed an observational prospective study of patients with acute symptomatic seizure due to an acute structural brain lesion (hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, or meningoencephalitis) who underwent EEG during their initial admission between January 2015 and January 2020.

The impact of a history of status epilepticus for epilepsy surgery outcome.

Objective: Patients with focal drug resistant epilepsy are excellent candidates for epilepsy surgery. Status epilepticus (SE) and seizure clusters (SC), described in a subset of patients, have both been associated with extended epileptogenic cerebral networks within one or both hemispheres. In this retrospective study, we were interested to determine if a history of SE or SC is associated with a worse surgical outcome.

Neurodevelopmental outcome of neonatal seizures: A longitudinal study.

Introduction: Neonatal seizures (NS) are the most common neurological emergency in the neonatal period. The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) proposed a new classification of NS based on semiology and highlighted the correlation between semiology and aetiology. However, neurodevelopmental outcomes have not been comprehensively evaluated based on this new classification.

Co-existence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 and anti-sry-like high-mobility group box receptor antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis: A rare case report.

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) has been increasingly recognized in children. An 11-year-old Saudi boy presented with prodromal symptoms of fever and headache followed by behavioral changes, cognitive impairment, and focal seizures. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed pleocytosis.

Clinical Implications of Various Electroencephalographic Patterns in Post-Stroke Seizures. The Utility of Routine Electroencephalogram.

Post-stroke seizures (PSS) are one of the major stroke-related complications. Early therapeutic interventions are critical therefore using electroencephalography (EEG) as a predictive tool for future recurrence may be helpful. We aimed to assess frequencies of different EEG patterns in patients with PSS and their association with seizure recurrence and functional outcomes.

Novel NARS2 variants in a patient with early-onset status epilepticus: case study and literature review.

Background: NARS2 as a member of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases was necessary to covalently join a specific tRNA to its cognate amino acid. Biallelic variants in NARS2 were reported with disorders such as Leigh syndrome, deafness, epilepsy, and severe myopathy.

Case Presentation: Detailed clinical phenotypes were collected and the NARS2 variants were discovered by whole exome sequencing and verified by Sanger sequencing.

Refractory tonic-myoclonic status epilepticus with catamenial recurrence in epilepsy with myoclonic atonic seizures: A case report.

In epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures (EMA), status epilepticus (SE) may occur during the onset phase, uncommonly in post-puberal patients. We report a post-puberal patient with EMA who presented SE with insidious onset and catamenial recurrence. She had a stormy epilepsy onset at 4 years, with tonic seizures, atypical absences, and myoclonic-atonic seizures, in the absence of SE.

Reducing Time to Electroencephalography in Pediatric Convulsive Status Epilepticus: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Background: Pediatric convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is a neurological emergency utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) to guide therapeutic interventions. Guidelines recommend EEG initiation within one hour of seizure onset, but logistic and structural barriers often lead to significant delays. We aimed to reduce the time to EEG in pediatric CSE.

Antibiomania: clarithromycin-induced neurotoxicity mimicking autoimmune limbic encephalitis.

We describe a 64-year-old woman with relapsing encephalopathy. She initially presented with 5 days of psychomotor agitation, progressing to mania, psychosis and seizures that mimicked autoimmune limbic encephalitis. During her first hospital admission, extensive investigation failed to establish the underlying cause, and she improved with antiseizure medication alone.

Therapeutic Strategies in Children with Epilepsy: A Quality-of-Life-Related Perspective.

Children with epilepsy are affected by several factors, including clinical and social variables. Among these variables, cognitive decline and behavioral disturbances, perceptions of stigma, and fatigue can lead to reductions in quality of life (QOL). Epileptic activities, including seizure severity, frequent seizures, and status epilepticus (SE), have been identified as important predictors of QOL.

Clinical Features of Patients with Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease and Isolated Seizure Symptoms.

Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated encephalitis is a new clinical phenotype of inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Some MOG antibody-positive patients with central nervous system demyelinating events present with isolated seizures. However, there are gaps in the epidemiological knowledge regarding seizures with MOG antibody-associated encephalitis in adults.

Probable Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Presenting as Refractory Status Epilepticus in a Poststroke Epilepsy Patient: A Case Report.

In this study, we report on a case of probable sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) diagnosed after a difficult course of status epilepticus (SE) in a patient with poststroke epilepsy. The patient was admitted with progressive cognitive decline and convulsive SE; therefore, it was initially thought that the patient had developed SE due to nonadherence to antiseizure medication (ASM) use, but despite treatment with ASMs after admission, no improvement was noted in consciousness disturbance or lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs) on electroencephalogram (EEG) examination. After a refractory course, the progression of LPDs to generalized periodic discharges (GPDs) on EEG and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings met the diagnostic criteria of sCJD.

Dural arteriovenous fistula presenting with recurrent focal status epilepticus and lateralised periodic epileptiform discharges.

Background: Dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVF) are relatively infrequently encountered, and status epilepticus (SE) and lateralised periodic discharges (LPDs) on electroencephalography (EEG) have only rarely been associated with these arteriovenous malformations.

Methods: We present a patient with recurrent presentations with focal SE, aphasia and other focal deficits of cortical function and ictal and peri-ictal LPDs on serial EEG, who was shown to have a left hemispheric dAVF associated with left transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis. Seizures proved refractory to four anti-seizure medications but became more amenable to control after successful embolisation of the dAVF, with subsequent resolution of the focal cortical deficits.

A glimpse into multimodal neuromonitoring in acute liver failure: a case report.

Introduction: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rapidly progressing, life-threatening syndrome characterized by liver-related coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Given that higher HE grades correlate with poorer outcomes, clinical management of ALF necessitates close neurological monitoring. The primary objective of this case report is to highlight the diagnostic value of utilizing multimodal neuromonitoring (MNM) in a patient suffering from ALF.