4,667 results match your criteria: "EEG in Dementia and Encephalopathy"

Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are prevalent neurodegenerative diseases characterized by altered brain functional connectivity (FC), affecting over 100 million people worldwide. This study aims to identify distinct FC patterns as potential biomarkers for differential diagnosis.

Methods: Resting-state EEG data from 36 AD patients, 23 FTD patients, and 29 healthy controls were analyzed using time-frequency and bandpass filtering FC metrics.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Neuronal hyperexcitability has been proposed to play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the relation between this enhanced excitability and AD pathology could provide a window for therapeutic interventions. However epileptiform activity is often subclinical, hidden on scalp EEG and very challenging to assess with current diagnostic modalities.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a classic representative of the group of prion diseases and is characterized by progressive degeneration of the structures of the nervous system with a variety of neurological symptoms, steady progression and inevitable death. The disease is based on a change in the tertiary structure of the protein, which leads to disruption of the normal functioning of cells. Despite the fact that the etiology and pathogenesis of CJD are now well studied, intravital diagnosis of this serious disease remains difficult due to the peculiarities of the pathological process (unusually long incubation period, variety of clinical symptoms), the lack of pathognomonic markers that make it possible to make a diagnosis with a high degree of confidence, and also insufficient awareness of medical workers.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A case report.

Radiol Case Rep

February 2025

Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by prion proteins. Patients often present with rapidly progressive dementia, ataxia, myoclonus, memory impairment, visual problems, and changes in personality. In this case report, we aimed to address the course of a 62 year old female who presented with progressive decline in cognitive function and died within 6 months of presentation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

This study investigates the effectiveness of amplitude transformation in enhancing the performance and robustness of Multiscale Fuzzy Entropy for Alzheimer's disease detection using electroencephalography signals. Multiscale Fuzzy Entropy is a complexity measure particularly sensitive to intra- and inter-subject variations in signal amplitude, as well as the selection of key parameters such as embedding dimension () and similarity criterion (), which often result in inconsistent outcomes when applied to multivariate data, such as electroencephalography signals. To address these challenges and to generalize the possibility of adopting Multiscale Fuzzy Entropy as a diagnostic tool for Alzheimer's disease, this research explores amplitude transformation preprocessing on electroencephalography signals in Multiscale Fuzzy Entropy calculation across varying parameters.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Recognition memory decline is associated with the progression to prodromal Alzheimer's disease in asymptomatic at-risk individuals.

J Neurol

December 2024

Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, AP-HP, CENIR, Centre MEG-EEG, Hôpital de La Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de L'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.

Episodic memory (EM) alterations are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We assessed EM longitudinally in cognitively normal elders at-risk for AD (with subjective memory complaints), as a function of amyloid-β (Aβ) burden, neurodegeneration (N), and progression to prodromal AD. We stratified 264 INSIGHT-preAD study subjects in controls (Aβ-/N-), stable/N- or N + (Aβ +), and progressors/N- or N + (Aβ +) groups (progressors were included only until AD-diagnosis).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Interpretable deep learning survival predictions in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

J Neurol

December 2024

The UK National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TG, UK.

Background: Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rapidly progressive and fatal prion disease with significant public health implications. Survival is heterogenous, posing challenges for prognostication and care planning. We developed a survival model using diagnostic data from comprehensive UK sCJD surveillance.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) microstate analysis resolves EEG signals into topographical maps representing discrete, sequential network activations. These maps can be used to identify patterns in EEGs that may be indicative of underlying neurological conditions. One such pattern is observed in EEGs of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), where a global microstate disorganization is evident.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Light-based gamma entrainment with novel invisible spectral flicker stimuli.

Sci Rep

November 2024

Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Richard Petersens Pl., Building 324, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.

Article Synopsis
  • Light-based gamma entrainment using sensory stimuli (GENUS) shows promise as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the discomfort from flickering lights may hinder patient adherence to the therapy.
  • A study investigates Invisible spectral flicker (ISF), which is a less detectable type of flicker, and finds it significantly more comfortable and less distracting for users compared to traditional luminance flickering (LF).
  • While reducing brightness didn’t impact SSVEP responses, it improved comfort, suggesting that combining ISF with less direct stimulation could enhance the overall treatment experience for AD patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Different oscillatory mechanisms of dementia-related diseases with cognitive impairment in closed-eye state.

Neuroimage

December 2024

School of Biomedical Sciences and Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address:

The escalating global trend of aging has intensified the focus on health concerns prevalent among the elderly. Notably, Dementia related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), significantly impair the quality of life for both affected seniors and their caregivers. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of these diseases remain incompletely understood, especially in terms of neural oscillations.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - The study examines the impact of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) on cognitive function and the importance of early detection for better management and care.
  • - It presents a systematic review of 74 research papers that focus on using deep learning and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for detecting MCI and AD, highlighting methods for distinguishing between these conditions.
  • - The findings identify current limitations in deep learning applications for MCI and AD detection and suggest future research directions to improve early diagnosis, while also proposing high-performing models as benchmarks for subsequent studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is essential for diagnosing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Thalamic lesions are rarely detected by DWI in sporadic CJD (sCJD) cases with methionine homozygosity at polymorphic codon 129 (129MM) of the prion protein (PrP) gene. Here, we describe an unusual sCJD case, characterized by prolonged isolated thalamic diffusion hyperintensities and atypical brain pathology, in combination with the 129MM genotype.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A Pilot Electroencephalography Study of the Effect of CT1812 Treatment on Synaptic Activity in Patients with Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease.

J Prev Alzheimers Dis

November 2024

Anthony O. Caggiano, MD, PhD, Cognition Therapeutics, Inc., 2500 Westchester Avenue, Purchase, NY 10577,

Background: CT1812 is a first-in-class, sigma-2 receptor ligand, that prevents and displaces binding of amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers. Normalization of quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) markers suggests that CT1812 protects synapses from Aβ oligomer toxicity.

Objectives: Evaluate CT1812 impact on synaptic function using qEEG measurements.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

mCLAS adaptively rescues disease-specific sleep and wake phenotypes in neurodegeneration.

Sleep Med

December 2024

Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Switzerland; Center of Competence Sleep and Health, University of Zurich (UZH), Switzerland. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Sleep changes are common in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, affecting brain health during deep sleep.
  • A new method called mouse closed-loop auditory stimulation (mCLAS) has been developed to enhance slow-wave activity during deep sleep in models of these diseases.
  • Initial findings show that mCLAS can improve sleep patterns in mice, with different effects seen in Alzheimer's versus Parkinson's models, suggesting potential for future sleep-based therapies in neurodegenerative conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Sleep deprivation leads to non-adaptive alterations in sleep microarchitecture and amyloid-β accumulation in a murine Alzheimer model.

Cell Rep

November 2024

Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Elmwood Avenue 601, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Impaired sleep is common with aging and is linked to the onset of Alzheimer's disease; researchers studied the effects of sleep deprivation on both healthy mice and a mouse model of Alzheimer's.
  • After sleep deprivation, both groups showed increased EEG slow-wave activity, but only healthy mice exhibited enhanced norepinephrine oscillations typical of good sleep.
  • The Alzheimer’s model mice didn't show this enhancement 24 hours post-deprivation, along with a buildup of amyloid-β protein, suggesting that their disrupted sleep patterns may increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by prions. We present the case of a woman in the seventh decade of life with rapidly progressive dementia and myoclonus. Her brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed lesions in the basal nuclei, and the electroencephalogram showed periodic bilateral epileptiform discharges.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Distinguishing between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia requires both neuropsychological and functional assessment that often relies on caregivers' insights. Contacting a patient's caregiver can be time-consuming in a physician's already-filled workday.

Objective: To assess the utility of a brief, machine learning (ML)-enabled digital cognitive assessment, the Digital Clock and Recall (DCR), for detecting functional dependence.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: The rising prevalence of dementia necessitates identifying early neurobiological markers of dementia risk. Reduced cerebral white matter volume and flattening of the slope of the electrophysiological 1/f spectral power distribution provide neurobiological markers of brain ageing alongside cognitive decline. However, their association with modifiable dementia risk remains to be understood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Alzheimer disease (AD) remains a significant global health concern. The progression from preclinical stages to overt dementia has become a crucial point of interest for researchers. This paper reviews the potential of neurophysiological biomarkers in predicting AD progression, based on a systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines, including 55 studies.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • A 60-something male patient experienced worsening symptoms like confusion, paranoia, cognitive decline, and myoclonus, all while having a history of paranoid schizophrenia.
  • Extensive medical tests, including blood work and brain scans (MRI), did not provide clear answers but showed abnormal brain activity and damage in specific areas.
  • An electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed abnormal sharp wave discharges, indicating the patient was likely in a state of status epilepticus, a severe epileptic condition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is poised to play a pivotal role in future medical support systems, enabling pervasive health monitoring in smart cities. Alzheimer's disease (AD) afflicts millions globally, and this paper explores the potential of electroencephalogram (EEG) data in addressing this challenge. We propose the Convolutional Learning Attention-Bidirectional Time-Aware Long-Short-Term Memory (CL-ATBiLSTM) model, a deep learning approach designed to classify different AD phases through EEG data analysis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used as a non-invasive technique for the diagnosis of several brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. Until recently, diseases have been identified over EEG readings by human experts, which may not only be specific and difficult to find, but are also subject to human error. Despite the recent emergence of machine learning methods for the interpretation of EEGs, most approaches are not capable of capturing the underlying arbitrary non-Euclidean relations between signals in the different regions of the human brain.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI, or prodromal AD) are highly significant for early diagnosis, clinical trials and treatment outcome evaluations. Electroencephalography (EEG), being noninvasive and easily accessible, has recently been the center of focus. However, a comprehensive understanding of EEG in dementia is still needed.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF