Comparative study on structure, properties, functions, and in vitro digestion characteristics of dietary fiber from Chinese chestnut prepared by different methods.

This study compared the effects of enzyme extraction (E-DF), enzyme-acid extraction (EAc-DF), enzyme-alkaline extraction (EAl-DF), ultrasonic-enzyme extraction (EU-DF), and microwave-enzyme extraction (EM-DF) on the yield, chemical composition, structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, physiological activities, and hypoglycemic activities of dietary fiber (DF) from Chinese chestnut. EAl-DF had the highest yield (25.44 ± 0.

Exploring Oesophageal Cancer in Ethiopia: Elevated Incidence in Females and Younger Cases.

Background: Oesophageal cancer is a public health concern in Ethiopia. Identifying the incidence and demographic profile of the two histological subtypes: oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are the key steps in recognizing the disease burden and potential aetiopathological associations.

Aim: The aim of this study is to identify the age and gender-specific incidence patterns of the most common subtype of oesophageal cancer in a high-incidence area of Ethiopia.

Chloride Vapor Annealing for Efficient Deep-Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes.

Achieving deep-blue emission is crucial for the practical application of perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in displays. Increasing the ratio of chlorine to bromine in the perovskite is a facile method to achieve deep-blue emission. However, the low solubility of chloride in the perovskite precursor solution and the low formation energy of defects present challenges that limit device efficiency.

Efficient Electrochemical Coupling of Aptamer to Nanoelectrode for In Situ Detection of ATP in Single Cells.

Nanoelectrodes, renowned for their small size, rapid mass transport, fast response, and high spatiotemporal resolution, have been recognized as a powerful tool in biosensing, especially for single-cell analysis. However, the nanoelectrode itself has no selectivity and cannot respond to nonelectroactive substances, limiting its wide application to some extent. Herein, we propose a simple and efficient electrochemical conjugation strategy to develop an electrochemical aptamer-coupled (E-AC) sensor for detecting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in single living cells.

Disguised Blessings: A Mechanistic Understanding of the Beneficial Outcomes Triggered by Partial K Replacement With Na in Two Eucalyptus Species Under Drought Stress.

While not essential for most plants, sodium (Na) can partially substitute for potassium (K) in some metabolic functions. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying K and Na uptake, transport, utilization, and ion replacement is crucial to sustain forest production. A pot experiment was designed with 6 K/Na ratios (100/0, 85/15, 70/30, 55/45, 40/60, and 0/0%) and two water conditions (well-watered, W+; and water-stressed, W-) on two Eucalyptus species with contrasting drought tolerance.

Molecular docking and / studies of a novel thiadiazole Schiff base as a hepatoprotective drug against angiogenesis induced by breast cancer.

Two new thiadiazole imidazolium salicylidene Schiff bases (TISSBs) were successfully synthesized, and their structures were analyzed comprehensively using spectroscopic techniques. The results of the MTT assay showed that TISSB2 was the safest and most effective anti-breast cancer agent. The anti-angiogenic activity of TISSB2 was evaluated using tests in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing Swiss albino mice.

Exploring Sex Differences in Outcomes of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Patients With Noncardioembolic Mild-to-Moderate Ischemic Stroke or High-Risk Transient Ischemic Attack: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of the READAPT Study Cohort.

Background: Sex may impact clinical outcomes in patients with stroke treated with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). We aimed to investigate the sex differences in the short-term outcomes of DAPT within a real-world population of patients with noncardioembolic mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack.

Methods: We performed a propensity score-matched analysis from a prospective multicentric cohort study (READAPT [Real-Life Study on Short-Term Dual Antiplatelet Treatment in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack]) by including patients with noncardioembolic mild-to-moderate stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 0-10) or high-risk transient ischemic attack (age, blood pressure, clinical features, duration of transient ischemic attack, presence of diabetes [ABCD] ≥4) who initiated DAPT within 48 hours of symptom onset.

Topical dexamethasone decelerates epithelial migration on the canine tympanic membrane.

Background: Epithelial migration (EM) is integral to normal ear structure and function. Glucocorticoids are considered the first-line therapy for various external ear disorders; however, their effects on EM on the tympanic membrane (TM) and the external auditory canal (EAC) are understudied.

Hypothesis/objectives: To test the hypothesis that topical dexamethasone decelerates EM on the TM, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of topical dexamethasone on EM on the TMs of dogs.

The impact of adherence counseling incorporating a point of care urine tenofovir assay on virologic suppression among individuals failing tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir: A pre-post intervention study.

Objectives: To examine if point-of-care (POC) urine tenofovir testing-informed counseling could be used to improve virologic suppression (VS) among participants with virologic failure (VF) after ≥1 prior round of enhanced adherence counseling (EAC).

Methods: Participants were enrolled from 42 clinics across Namibia. At each monthly medication pick-up, participants completed the POC urine test and received EAC informed by this testing (EAC+).

A phase field finite element study and evaluation of sulfide stress cracking in DCB specimen testing.

The challenges presented by sour environments rich in hydrogen sulfide (HS) underscore the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of material behavior under such conditions. The cracking susceptibility of metals and alloys used for subsurface equipment in downhole oil and gas exploration operations is particularly concerning. The NACE Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) test has emerged as a widely used quality assurance tool in the petroleum industry, leveraging fracture mechanics principles to assess the environment-assisted cracking (EAC) resistance of metals and alloys.

A phase II study evaluating safety and efficacy of niraparib in patients with previously treated homologous recombination defective metastatic esophageal/gastroesophageal junction/proximal gastric adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remains a devastating disease and second line treatment options in the metastatic space are limited. Homologous recombination (HR) defects have been described in EAC in up to 40% of patients. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)1 and PARP2 inhibitors have shown efficacy in HR defective prostate and ovarian cancers.

Long Term Surgical Outcome of Canal-Tympanoplasty in Patients with Schuknecht Type B Congenital Aural Stenosis.

Background: Congenital aural atresia (CAA) is a complex condition that can present in various forms, including Schuknecht type B stenosis, characterized by a congenitally narrow bony external auditory canal (EAC). This study aims to evaluate the long-term surgical outcomes of canal-tympanoplasty in patients with CAA Schuknecht type B.

Methods: The study included 21 ears diagnosed with CAA Schuknecht type B that underwent canal-tympanoplasty.

An endpoint adjudication committee for the assessment of computed tomography scans in fracture healing.

Introduction: Endpoint Adjudication Committees (EACs) benefit the quality of randomized control trials (RCTs) where outcomes depend on subjective interpretations. However, assembling a committee to adjudicate large datasets is cumbersome. In a recent RCT, the primary outcome was time to union following operative fixation of scaphoid non-union, with real or placebo adjunctive ultrasound treatment.

Patient-derived tumor organoid and fibroblast assembloid models for interrogation of the tumor microenvironment in esophageal adenocarcinoma.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises all non-tumor elements of cancer and strongly influences disease progression and phenotype. To understand tumor biology and accurately test new therapeutic strategies, representative models should contain both tumor cells and normal cells of the TME. Here, we describe and characterize co-culture tumor-derived organoids and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of the TME, in matrix-embedded assembloid models of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).

Leveraging Dual-Ligase Recruitment to Enhance Protein Degradation via a Heterotrivalent Proteolysis Targeting Chimera.

Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders are typically bifunctional with one E3 ligase ligand connected to one target protein ligand via a linker. While augmented valency has been shown with trivalent PROTACs targeting two binding sites within a given target protein, or used to recruit two different targets, the possibility of recruiting two different E3 ligases within the same compound has not been demonstrated. Here we present dual-ligase recruitment as a strategy to enhance targeted protein degradation.

Unlocking the potential differences and effects of the anode and cathode regions on NO emissions during electric field-assisted aerobic composting.

Electric field-assisted aerobic composting (EAC) is a novel strategy for effectively mitigating nitrous oxide (NO) emissions, but its deeper effects require further exploration. In this study, the differences in NO emissions between the anode regions (AR) and cathode regions (CR) during EAC were evaluated. The cumulative NO emission from the compost in CR was 32.

Histopathology of thermal effects in endoscopic ear surgery: An experimental animal study.

Objective: The potential risk of thermal damage in the transcanal endoscopic ear surgery has been a concerning issue. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological effects of heat exposure of different durations in external auditory canal (EAC) skin and facial nerve tissues.

Methods: This study was conducted on 20 rabbits assigned equally to five groups according to the endoscope-transmitted heat exposure duration: Control group (no exposure), 2, 10, 15, and 30 min.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma models: a closer look.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a subtype of esophageal cancer with significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Despite advancements in tumor models, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms driving EAC pathogenesis are still poorly understood. Therefore, gaining insights into these mechanisms is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Use of a Two-Gene Methylated DNA Biomarker Assay and Nonendoscopic Balloon for Detection of Barrett Esophagus Among High-Risk Individuals in a Screening Population.

Introduction: Barrett esophagus (BE) is the precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We aimed to assess performance, safety, and tolerability of the EsoGuard (EG) assay on samples collected nonendoscopically with the EsoCheck (EC) device (EG/EC) for BE detection in the intended-use population meeting American College of Gastroenterology guideline criteria (chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease and 3+ additional risk factors).

Methods: We performed a prospective, multicenter study (NCT04293458) to assess EG performance (primary endpoint) on cells collected with EC, for detection of BE and EAC using esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and biopsies as the comparator.