Community assembly modeling of microbial evolution within Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Mathematical modeling of somatic evolution, a process impacting both host cells and microbial communities in the human body, can capture important dynamics driving carcinogenesis. Here we considered models for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a cancer that has dramatically increased in incidence over the past few decades in Western populations, with high case fatality rates due to late-stage diagnoses. Despite advancements in genomic analyses of the precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE), prevention of late-stage EAC remains a significant clinical challenge.

Face and Content Validity of Tympanostomy Tube Simulator With Variable Canal Size.

Simulators allow junior otolaryngology residents to practice the delicate procedure of pressure equalization tube (PET) insertion. However, most simulators lack the ability to mimic the differing anatomic complexities between patients, such as variable external auditory canal (EAC) size. We developed a novel low-cost, medium-fidelity 3-dimensional-printed PET simulator with different EAC sizes to better reflect procedure complexity.

Spatial, environmental and trophic niche partitioning by seabirds in a climate change hotspot.

For similar species to co-occur in places where resources are limited, they need to adopt strategies that partition resources to reduce competition. Our understanding of the mechanisms behind resource partitioning among sympatric marine predators is evolving, but we lack a clear understanding of how environmental change is impacting these dynamics. We investigated spatial and trophic resource partitioning among three sympatric seabirds with contrasting biological characteristics: greater crested terns Thalasseus bergii (efficient flyer, limited diver, and preference for high quality forage fish), little penguins Eudyptula minor (flightless, efficient diver, and preference for high quality forage fish) and silver gulls Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae (efficient flyer, limited diver and generalist diet).

Age-Related Changes in Gut Health and Behavioral Biomarkers in a Beagle Dog Population.

The gut and the gut microbiome communicate with the nervous system through the gut-brain axis via neuroimmune and neuroendocrine mechanisms. Despite existing research, studies exploring this link in aging dogs are limited. This study aims to examine multiple blood and fecal biomarkers of intestinal health, along with various behavioral indicators based on saliva, blood, observations, and activity, in different age populations (junior: <2 y.

Effects of surgical approach and downstaging in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a 2010-2020 National Cancer Database (NCDB) study.

Background: Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation (nCRT) has been shown to improve survival in patients with Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC). The objective of this study is to assess the patient characteristics associated with tumor downstaging in a large national database. Additionally, we evaluated surgical approach and change in clinical versus pathological staging as predictors of patient survival.

Prolonged neurologic symptoms following immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome in patients with large B cell lymphoma treated with chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell therapy.

Background: While immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is a well-defined adverse effect associated with chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell (CAR-T) therapy, some patients develop prolonged neurologic symptoms. Few studies have examined characteristics and outcomes of patients who develop such symptoms.

Objective: To provide an analysis of patients who developed ICANS in a single-center cohort of patients with large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) who received commercial CAR-T and compare characteristics and outcomes between patients with vs.

Is it time to retire preoperative radiation for localized esophageal and gastro-esophageal adenocarcinoma?

Whether preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or perioperative chemotherapy is superior for localized esophageal or gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) cancers has been a topic of long-standing debate. For years, standard of care in the United States for localized esophageal or GEJ adenocarcinoma (EAC) has been physician's choice between the 2 strategies. More recently, adjuvant immunotherapy has also been introduced into the treatment approach for those who received neoadjuvant CRT.

Tuning multi-scale pore structures in carbonaceous films via direct ink writing and sacrificial templates for efficient indoor formaldehyde removal.

The primary challenges impeding the extensive application of adsorption for indoor air purification have been low efficiency and effective capacity. To fill the research gap, we developed carbonaceous net-like adsorption films featuring multi-scale porous structures for efficient indoor formaldehyde removal. By optimizing the interfacial mass transfer and internal diffusion, we designed macro- to mesoscale meshes on the film surface and micro- to nano-scale pores within the materials, which were achieved by direct-ink-writing (DIW) printing and sacrificial template methods, respectively.

Timing of exercise differentially impacts adipose tissue gain in male adolescent rats.

Objective: Circadian rhythms of metabolic, hormonal, and behavioral fluctuations and their alterations can impact health. An important gap in knowledge in the field is whether the time of the day of exercise and the age of onset of exercise exert distinct effects at the level of whole-body adipose tissue and body composition. The goal of the present study was to determine how exercise at different times of the day during adolescence impacts the adipose tissue transcriptome and content in a rodent model.

Biomarkers of sepsis-induced coagulopathy: diagnostic insights and potential therapeutic implications.

Diagnosing coagulopathy in septic patients remains challenging in intensive care. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) indeed presents with complex pathophysiology, complicating timely diagnosis. Epidemiological data indicate a significant prevalence of DIC in septic patients, with mortality rates up to 60%.

Discovery of Methylated DNA Biomarkers for Potential Non-Endoscopic Detection of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Background And Aims: We sought to develop a minimally-invasive, robust, accessible nonendoscopic strategy to diagnose Barrett's esophagus (BE), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and its immediate precursor lesion, high-grade dysplasia (HGD) based on methylated DNA biomarkers applied to a retrievable sponge-capsule device in a cohort representative of the BE population (i.e., mostly short-segment, non-dysplastic BE, NDBE).

A Rare Case of Ramsey Hunt Syndrome With Cranial Polyneuropathy: Findings of the Brain MRI.

In this case, we present the case of a 74-year-old female patient who visited the University Hospital of Patras, Greece, because of a 10-day history of earache and discharge in the left ear. Concurrently, the patient exhibited ipsilateral peripheral facial nerve palsy. We also observed vesicular eruption at the auricle and the external auditory canal (EAC) of the left ear.

Benefits, challenges, and best practices of collaborative partnerships among health supply chain stakeholders in Rwanda: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Strong partnerships, community engagement, and multisectoral collaboration in the health supply chain are synergistic pillars towards achieving universal health coverage. In Rwanda, the health supply chain involves the collaboration of various stakeholders, including distributors, manufacturers, wholesalers, and customers. However, since the eruption and ending of COVID-19, there has not been any study to assess stakeholders' perspectives on the status of the benefits, challenges, and best practices of collaborative partnerships among health supply chain stakeholders in Rwanda.

CCN1 promotes APRIL/BAFF signaling in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma but attenuates it in esophageal adenocarcinoma.

CCN1 is a matricellular protein highly expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) but hardly detectable in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Expression of CCN1 in EAC cells leads to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Unlike TRAIL, which primarily triggers cell death, APRIL and BAFF promote cell growth via NFκB signaling.

DKK1 and Its Receptors in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Promising Molecular Target.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is an aggressive gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy with increasing incidence. Despite the recent progress in targeted therapies and surgical approaches, the survival rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma patients remain poor. The Dickkopf (DKK) proteins are secretory proteins known mainly as antagonists of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is considered an oncogene.

Cancer-related health behaviors during the COVID 19 pandemic in geographically diverse samples across the US.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic involved business closures (e.g., gyms), social distancing policies, and prolonged stressful situations that may have impacted engagement in health behaviors.

Validation of Härtel Surface Anatomical Landmarks for Locating the Foramen Ovale: A Computed Tomography Scan Analysis and Revised Technique Description.

Background And Objectives: Härtel triangle provides surface landmarks for locating the foramen ovale (FO) when performing trigeminal nerve percutaneous procedures. Although widely adopted in clinical practice, there is no report that these landmarks have ever been formally validated through modern imaging techniques. Here we aim to validate Härtel anatomical landmarks using computed tomography scans and propose technical considerations for percutaneous trigeminal procedures.

Implementation of Nutrition Labels at the 2022 European Athletics Championships: An Observational Study of the Use and Perceptions of Athletes and Athlete Support Personnel.

Background/objectives: Nutrition labels are an effective tool for providing nutrition information. Additionally, nutrient composition is one of the most dictating factors for athletes' food choices; thus, we aimed to evaluate the use and perceptions regarding the nutrition labels implemented for the meals served at the 2022 European Athletics Championships (EAC).

Methods: During mealtime at the team restaurants, participants completed an online self-administered questionnaire.

Real-World Clinical Utility of a Methylated DNA Biomarker Assay on Samples Collected with a Swallowable Capsule-Balloon for Detection of Barrett's Esophagus (BE).

Barrett's Esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Patients with multiple risk factors for BE/EAC are recommended for screening; however, few eligible patients undergo evaluation by endoscopy. EsoGuard (EG) is a commercially available biomarker assay used to analyze esophageal cells collected non-endoscopically with EsoCheck (EC) for the qualitative detection of BE/EAC.

Identification of as a Potential Biomarker for Progression from Barrett's Esophagus to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis.

: Barrett's esophagus (BE), with metaplastic columnar epithelium in the lower esophagus, predisposes patients to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Despite extensive research, mechanisms underlying BE progression to EAC remain unclear, and no validated biomarkers are available for clinical use. Progastricsin/Pepsinogen-C (PGC), an aspartic proteinase linked to maintaining normal epithelial morphology, is often absent in advanced gastrointestinal malignancies.

Immunomodulatory lectin from Cordia myxa targets PI3K/AKT signalling mediated apoptosis to regress both in-vitro and in-vivo tumour.

Plant based medicine is gaining recognition as a complementary approach to conventional treatments. Plants contain lectins that bind to carbohydrates and exhibit various biological properties and being used in cancer treatment. In present investigation Cordia myxa fruit was chosen, screen for presence of lectin and explore its biological role.

Unveiling the potential anticancer activity of Spirulina maxima extract-nanoemulsion through in vitro and in vivo studies.

Being the second leading cause of death globally, cancer has been a long-standing and rapidly evolving focus of biomedical research and practice in the world. Recently, there has been growing interest in cyanobacteria. This focus is particularly evident in developing innovative anticancer treatments to reduce reliance on traditional chemotherapy.

Biologically-targeted discovery-replication scan identifies G×G interaction in relation to risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Inherited genetics represents an important contributor to risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE). Genome-wide association studies have identified ∼30 susceptibility variants for BE/EAC, yet genetic interactions remain unexamined. To address challenges in large-scale G×G scans, we combined knowledge-guided filtering and machine learning approaches, focusing on genes with (A) known/plausible links to BE/EAC pathogenesis (n=493) or (B) prior evidence of biological interactions (n=4,196).

Context-dependent effects of CDKN2A and other 9p21 gene losses during the evolution of esophageal cancer.

CDKN2A is a tumor suppressor located in chromosome 9p21 and frequently lost in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). How CDKN2A and other 9p21 gene co-deletions affect EAC evolution remains understudied. We explored the effects of 9p21 loss in EACs and cancer progressor and non-progressor BEs with matched genomic, transcriptomic and clinical data.