Placement of dual capsular tension rings for the combined management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and zonular dialysis.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of placing dual capsular tension rings for the combined management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and zonular dialysis.

Methods: A modified capsular tension ring was inserted into the ciliary sulcus and a capsular tension ring or modified capsular tension ring was inserted into the capsular bag in 20 eyes in 20 consecutive patients showing signs of ocular hypotony and ectopia lentis. Outcome measures included intraocular pressure, best-corrected visual acuity, and postoperative complications.

The anti-scarring effect of corneal stromal stem cell therapy is mediated by transforming growth factor β3.

Background: Corneal stromal stem cells (CSSC) reduce corneal inflammation, prevent fibrotic scarring, and regenerate transparent stromal tissue in injured corneas. These effects rely on factors produced by CSSC to block the fibrotic gene expression. This study investigated the mechanism of the scar-free regeneration effect.

The critical role of mA methylation in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the role of N6-methyladenosine (mA) RNA modification in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO).

Methods: Surgically excised extraocular muscles from 7 patients with GO and 5 subjects without GO were used. The global mA levels in the specimens were determined using an mA RNA methylation quantification kit.

Introduction of a digital near-vision reading test for normal and low vision adults: development and validation.

Background: MNREAD is an advanced near-vision acuity chart that has already been translated and validated in Greek language. Considering that no validated Greek digital near-vision test exists, our primary objective was to develop and validate a digital near-vision reading test based on the fundamental properties of the Greek printed MNREAD (MNREAD-GR).

Methods: This is a prospective, comparative study.

A machine learning-based algorithm used to estimate the physiological elongation of ocular axial length in myopic children.

Background: Axial myopia is the most common type of myopia. However, due to the high incidence of myopia in Chinese children, few studies estimating the physiological elongation of the ocular axial length (AL), which does not cause myopia progression and differs from the non-physiological elongation of AL, have been conducted. The purpose of our study was to construct a machine learning (ML)-based model for estimating the physiological elongation of AL in a sample of Chinese school-aged myopic children.

Tomography-based definition of keratoconus for Down syndrome patients.

Background: To assess the diagnostic ability of Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgeräte, GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) tomographic indices in discriminating keratoconus (KC) and KC suspect (KCS) in 10- to 30-year-old patients with Down syndrome (DS).

Methods: In this study, DS patients were enrolled through special needs schools, the National Down Syndrome Society, and relevant non-profit organizations. Diagnoses were made independently by two experienced specialists.

Machine learning helps improve diagnostic ability of subclinical keratoconus using Scheimpflug and OCT imaging modalities.

Purpose: To develop an automated classification system using a machine learning classifier to distinguish clinically unaffected eyes in patients with keratoconus from a normal control population based on a combination of Scheimpflug camera images and ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) imaging data.

Methods: A total of 121 eyes from 121 participants were classified by 2 cornea experts into 3 groups: normal (50 eyes), with keratoconus (38 eyes) or with subclinical keratoconus (33 eyes). All eyes were imaged with a Scheimpflug camera and UHR-OCT.

Morphological features of anterior segment: factors influencing intraocular pressure after cataract surgery in nanophthalmos.

Purpose: To investigate the anterior segment in nanophthalmic eyes and their association with intraocular pressure after cataract surgery.

Methods: Thirty-two nanophthalmic eyes (axial length [AL] < 18.5 mm) in 18 patients and 35 normal eyes (21 ≤ AL ≤ 24.

Characterization of the retinal vasculature in fundus photos using the PanOptic iExaminer system.

Background: The goal was to characterize retinal vasculature by quantitative analysis of arteriole-to-venule (A/V) ratio and vessel density in fundus photos taken with the PanOptic iExaminer System.

Methods: The PanOptic ophthalmoscope equipped with a smartphone was used to acquire fundus photos centered on the optic nerve head. Two fundus photos of a total of 19 eyes from 10 subjects were imaged.

Advances in myopia research anatomical findings in highly myopic eyes.

Background: The goal of this review is to summarize structural and anatomical changes associated with high myopia.

Main Text: Axial elongation in myopic eyes is associated with retinal thinning and a reduced density of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in the equatorial region. Thickness of the retina and choriocapillaris and RPE cell density in the macula are independent of axial length.

Automated diagnosis and staging of Fuchs' endothelial cell corneal dystrophy using deep learning.

Background: To describe the diagnostic performance of a deep learning algorithm in discriminating early-stage Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) without clinically evident corneal edema from healthy and late-stage FECD eyes using high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT).

Methods: In this observational case-control study, 104 eyes (53 FECD eyes and 51 healthy controls) received HD-OCT imaging (Envisu R2210, Bioptigen, Buffalo Grove, IL, USA) using a 6 mm radial scan pattern centered on the corneal vertex. FECD was clinically categorized into early (without corneal edema) and late-stage (with corneal edema).

An interferometric ex vivo study of corneal biomechanics under physiologically representative loading, highlighting the role of the limbus in pressure compensation.

Background: The mechanical properties of the cornea are complex and regionally variable. This paper uses an original method to investigate the biomechanics of the cornea in response to hydrostatic loading over the typical physiological range of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations thereby increasing understanding of clinically relevant corneal biomechanical properties and their contributions to the refractive properties of the cornea.

Methods: Displacement speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) was used to measure the total surface displacement of 40 porcine and 6 human corneal-scleral specimens in response to pressure variations up to 1 mmHg from a baseline of 16.

Angle-to-angle and spur-to-spur distance analysis with high-resolution optical coherence tomography.

Background: To measure angle-to-angle (ATA) and spur-to-spur (STS) distances along six meridians using high-resolution swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and to compare those values with horizontal white-to-white (WTW) distance.

Methods: 68 eyes from 68 patients were quantitatively assessed with the Anterion SS-OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). ATA and STS distances were measured with the SS-OCT's B-Scan in six cross-sectional images corresponding to the vertical (6-12 o'clock), 1-7 o'clock, 2-8 o'clock, horizontal (3-9 o'clock), 4-10 o'clock and 5-11 o'clock meridians.

Automated identification of retinopathy of prematurity by image-based deep learning.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide but can be a treatable retinal disease with appropriate and timely diagnosis. This study was performed to develop a robust intelligent system based on deep learning to automatically classify the severity of ROP from fundus images and detect the stage of ROP and presence of plus disease to enable automated diagnosis and further treatment.

Methods: A total of 36,231 fundus images were labeled by 13 licensed retinal experts.

MicroRNA-184 negatively regulates corneal epithelial wound healing via targeting , , and .

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in corneal development and functional homeostasis. Our previous study identified miR-184 as one of the most highly expressed miRNAs in the corneal epithelium. Even though its expression level plummeted dramatically during corneal epithelial wound healing (CEWH), its precise role in mediating corneal epithelial renewal was unresolved.

Visual quality of juvenile myopes wearing multifocal soft contact lenses.

Background: It is unclear whether multifocal soft contact lenses (MFSCLs) affect visual quality when they are used for myopia control in juvenile myopes. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the effect of MFSCLs on visual quality among juvenile myopia subjects.

Methods: In a prospective, intervention study, thirty-three juvenile myopes were enrolled.

Clinical outcomes with a new design in multifocal intraocular lens: a pilot study.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and visual outcomes, quality of near vision and the influence of photic phenomena in patients bilaterally implanted with a new Precizon Presbyopic multifocal intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods: In this prospective consecutive case series, 20 eyes of 10 patients were included (mean age 63.80 ± 12.

Keratolenticular adhesion removal for type 2 Peters anomaly: a case report.

Background: Type 2 Peters anomaly is a rare anterior segment disorder characterized by central corneal leukoma with keratolenticular adhesion and cataract. Performing cataract surgery without corneal tissue transplantation in patients of type 2 Peters anomaly is extremely rare and challenging. We present a case of type 2 Peters anomaly treated by peeling off the adhesion without penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), in which restoration of corneal transparency is observed.

Accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulae after laser refractive surgery in myopic eyes: a meta-analysis.

Background: To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulae after laser refractive surgery in myopic eyes.

Methods: We searched the databases on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane library to select relevant studies published between Jan 1st, 2009 and Aug 11th, 2019. Primary outcomes were the percentages of refractive prediction error within ±0.

Mutual comparative analysis: a new topography-guided custom ablation protocol referencing subjective refraction to modify corneal topographic data.

Background: Several planning algorithms have been developed for topography-guided custom ablation treatment (T-CAT), but each has its own deficiencies. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the potential of a novel mutual comparative analysis (MCA) informed by manifest refraction and corneal topographic data and the patient's subjective perception in correcting ametropia.

Methods: This retrospective review included patients with significant preoperative differences in the power or axis of astigmatism according to the manifest refraction and corneal topographic data (power > 0.

Safety and visual outcomes following posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens bilensectomy.

Background: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, refractive outcomes and causes for bilensectomy (phakic intraocular lens - pIOL - explantation with cataract surgery and pseudophakic intraocular lens implantation) in patients previously implanted with posterior chamber pIOLs.

Methods: This multi-center retrospective study included 87 eyes of 55 patients who underwent bilensectomy for posterior chamber pIOL with a follow up time of 12 months. The uncorrected and best corrected distance visual acuities (UDVA, CDVA), endothelial cell density before and after bilensectomy were assessed, as well as the cause of bilensectomy and intra or postoperative complications.

Nutritional and medical food therapies for diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a form of microangiopathy. Reducing oxidative stress in the mitochondria and cell membranes decreases ischemic injury and end-organ damage to the retina. New approaches are needed, which reduce the risk and improve the outcomes of DR while complementing current therapeutic approaches.

5-year efficacy of all surface laser ablation with cross-linking (ASLA-XTRA) for the treatment of myopia.

Background: The purpose of our study is to examine the long (5-year) efficacy of the all surface laser ablation (ASLA) combined with accelerated cross-linking (CXL) for the treatment of myopia without the use of mitomycin-C (MMC).

Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 202 eyes of 118 myopic (SD: 2.41, range: - 1.

The precision and agreement of corneal thickness and keratometry measurements with SS-OCT versus Scheimpflug imaging.

Purpose: To assess the repeatability and reproducibility of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and Scheimpflug system and evaluate the agreement between the two systems in measuring multiple corneal regions in children.

Methods: Pachymetric and keratometric maps for both systems were evaluated. Central, midperipheral and peripheral corneal thickness (CT), keratometry and astigmatism power vectors were recorded.

Modeling of gonioscopic anterior chamber angle grades based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Background: To quantitatively assess anterior chamber angle (ACA) structure by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and develop a model to evaluate angle width as defined by gonioscopy.

Methods: The ACAs of each quadrant were evaluated by gonioscopy, classified by the Scheie grading system, and assigned into one of the three grades: small angle (SA), moderate angle (MA), and large angle (LA). The eyes were imaged by AS-OCT, and ACA structural parameters including angle opening distance at the scleral spur (AODSS) and at 750 μm anterior to the scleral spur (AOD750), trabecular-iris space area at 750 μm anterior to the scleral spur (TISA750), and a newly defined parameter "light intersection distance" (LID), were measured.