Lens thickness and associated ocular biometric factors among cataract patients in Shanghai.

Background: To evaluate the distribution of lens thickness (LT) and its associations with other ocular biometric factors among cataract patients in Shanghai.

Methods: Twenty-four thousand thirteen eyes from 24,013 cataract patients were retrospectively included. Ocular biometric factors including LT, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white (WTW) distance, anterior corneal curvature, and axial length (AL) were obtained using the IOLMaster700.

Clinical exome sequencing facilitates the understanding of genetic heterogeneity in Leber congenital amaurosis patients with variable phenotype in southern India.

Background: Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), primarily characterized by retinal degeneration is the most severe form of inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) responsible for congenital blindness. The presence of phenotypic heterogeneity makes the diagnosis of LCA challenging, especially in the absence of pronounced disease pathognomonic, yet it can be well comprehended by employing molecular diagnosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to reveal the causative mutations in ten LCA patients with variable phenotypes using clinical exome sequencing (CES).

Corneal biomechanical changes in allergic conjunctivitis.

Background: To explore corneal biomechanical changes, identify related factors and determine early indicators of keratoconus (KC) development risk in allergic conjunctivitis (AC) patients.

Methods: A total of 50 patients, including 20 eyes without AC and 30 eyes with AC were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent a complete ocular examination, including evaluations of clinical manifestations of AC, corneal tomography and densitometry by Pentacam, corneal biomechanics by Corvis ST, and corneal and epithelial thickness mapping by RTvue optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy: pathophysiological roles and potential therapeutical targets.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the common complications of diabetes, is the leading cause of visual loss in working-age individuals in many industrialized countries. It has been traditionally regarded as a purely microvascular disease in the retina. However, an increasing number of studies have shown that DR is a complex neurovascular disorder that affects not only vascular structure but also neural tissue of the retina.

Long term results of accelerated 9 mW corneal crosslinking for early progressive keratoconus: the Siena Eye-Cross Study 2.

Purpose: To assess clinical results of the 9 mW/5.4 J/cm accelerated crosslinking (ACXL) in the treatment of progressive keratoconus (KC) over a span of 5 years.

Methods: The prospective open non-randomized interventional study (Siena Eye-Cross Study 2) included 156 eyes of 112 patients with early progressive KC undergoing the Epi-Off 9 mW/5.

Choroidal vascularity index in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Hemodynamic changes have been observed in patients with Graves' disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate choroidal vascular change using the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).

Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 40 patients affected by TAO were recruited.

Modified endoscopic transnasal orbital apex decompression in dysthyroid optic neuropathy.

Background: To describe the surgical technique and assess the clinical efficacy and safety of modified endoscopic transnasal orbital apex decompression in the treatment of dysthyroid optic neuropathy.

Methods: In this retrospective research, forty-two subjects (74 orbits) who underwent modified endoscopic transnasal orbital apex decompression for the treatment of dysthyroid optic neuropathy were enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field mean deviation (MD), Hertel exophthalmometry, and new onset diplopia were assessed before and after the intervention.

Laboratory evaluation of higher-order aberrations and light scattering in explanted opacified intraocular lenses.

Background: Intraocular lens (IOL) calcification is a serious condition that can only be treated by removing the clouded lens. Since explantation bears the risk of complications, it is often deferred until the patient finds the symptoms intolerable. Usually, as the IOL opacifies, visual acuity is minimally affected early on.

Anti-VEGF therapy prevents Müller intracellular edema by decreasing VEGF-A in diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Although vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is known to play a key role in causing retinal edema, whether and how VEGF-A induces intracellular edema in the retina still remains unclear.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered diabetic with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab was performed 8 weeks after diabetes onset.

Could contact lens dryness discomfort symptoms sometimes have a neuropathic basis?

Symptoms of dryness discomfort in soft contact lens wearers frequently lead to discontinuation from wear. The negative influence of pre-fitting tear dysfunctions appears likely to be exacerbated by the challenges to tear homeostasis caused by contact lenses. The corneal mechanisms for symptoms in contact lens wearers are different to those for dry eye disease because the cornea is insulated by the lens from ambient conditions as well as from lid wiper friction during blinking.

Validity of the French version of Catquest-9SF and use of an electronic notepad for entering patient-reported outcome measures.

Background: The Catquest-9SF questionnaire is a patient reported outcome measure that quantifies the visual benefits from cataract surgery. The purpose of this study was to translate and adapt the Catquest-9SF questionnaire for France, to assess its psychometric properties via Rasch analysis, and to assess its validity when completed using an electronic notepad.

Methods: The Catquest-9SF questionnaire was translated following the guidelines of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research.

The number of intracorneal ring segments in asymmetric and central cones.

Background: To compare the results of single versus double intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) (KeraRing) implantation in keratoconus with respect to different cone locations.

Methods: Twenty-two eyes of 18 patients with totally asymmetric cones (20-80% or 0-100% distribution along steep axis) were implanted with single ICRS (Group 1), 38 eyes of 32 patients with central or partially asymmetric cones (50-50% or 40-60% distribution along steep axis) were implanted with double ICRS (Group 2), at a depth of 80% of the site of implantation, in channels created with femtosecond laser device. All patients had uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities (UDVA and CDVA, respectively) of ≤ 0.

Unintended changes in ocular biometric parameters during a 6-month follow-up period after FS-LASIK and SMILE.

Background: Corneal refractive surgery has become reliable for correcting refractive errors, but it can induce unintended ocular changes that alter refractive outcomes. This study is to evaluate the unintended changes in ocular biometric parameters over a 6-month follow-up period after femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

Methods: 156 consecutive myopic patients scheduled for FS-LASIK and SMILE were included in this study.

Cosmetic outcome of femtosecond laser-assisted pterygium surgery.

Background: To examine the cosmetic outcome of femtosecond laser-assisted pterygium surgery (FLAPS) with conjunctival autograft (CAG) and its potential predictive factors.

Methods: This was a prospective interventional case series (NCT02866968). We included 29 patients (29 eyes) with primary pterygium who underwent FLAPS.

Strain heterogeneity, cooccurrence network, taxonomic composition and functional profile of the healthy ocular surface microbiome.

Background: There is growing evidence indicating that the microbial communities that dwell on the human ocular surface are crucially important for ocular surface health and disease. Little is known about interspecies interactions, functional profiles, and strain heterogeneity across individuals in healthy ocular surface microbiomes.

Methods: To comprehensively characterize the strain heterogeneity, cooccurrence network, taxonomic composition and functional profile of the healthy ocular surface microbiome, we performed shotgun metagenomics sequencing on ocular surface mucosal membrane swabs of 17 healthy volunteers.

Sirius Scheimpflug-Placido versus ultrasound pachymetry for central corneal thickness: meta-analysis.

Background: To compare the difference in central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements in normal eyes between a rotating Scheimpflug camera combined with a Placido-disk corneal topographer (Sirius, CSO, Italy) and ultrasound pachymetry (USP).

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for relevant studies published on PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to August 1st, 2019.

Impact of hypothermia on the biomechanical effect of epithelium-off corneal cross-linking.

Background: The corneal cross-linking (CXL) photochemical reaction is essentially dependent on oxygen and hypothermia, which usually leads to higher dissolved oxygen levels in tissues, with potentially greater oxygen availability for treatment. Here, we evaluate whether a reduction of corneal temperature during CXL may increase oxygen availability and therefore enhance the CXL biomechanical stiffening effect in ex vivo porcine corneas.

Methods: One hundred and twelve porcine corneas had their epithelium manually debrided before being soaked with 0.

Management of cytomegalovirus corneal endotheliitis.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can manifest as corneal endotheliitis in immunocompetent individuals. Early diagnosis is prudent to prevent endothelial cell loss, which could ultimately lead to corneal decompensation. CMV DNA was first detected in an eye with corneal endotheliitis in 2006; since then, clinical evidence from numerous case reports and case series have accumulated.

Relationship between corneal biomechanical parameters and corneal sublayer thickness measured by Corvis ST and UHR-OCT in keratoconus and normal eyes.

Background: To explore the relationship between corneal biomechanical parameters and corneal sublayer thickness using corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST) and ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) in clinical and suspected keratoconus and normal eyes.

Methods: Cross-sectional prospective study. A total of 94 eyes of 70 participants were recruited.

Choroidal blood perfusion as a potential "rapid predictive index" for myopia development and progression.

Myopia is the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. The lack of a "rapid predictive index" for myopia development and progression hinders the clinic management and prevention of myopia. This article reviews the studies describing changes that occur in the choroid during myopia development and proposes that it is possible to detect myopia development at an earlier stage than is currently possible in a clinical setting using choroidal blood perfusion as a "rapid predictive index" of myopia.

The Jidong Eye Cohort Study: objectives, design, and baseline characteristics.

Background: To describe the objective, design and baseline characteristics of the Jidong Eye Cohort Study (JECS), a community-based cohort in China based on etiology, imaging and biomarkers. The JECS will clarify the pathogenesis of visual impairment and status of ocular indicators in the occurrence and progression of cardio-cerebrovascular and neurological diseases.

Methods: Between August 2019 and January 2020, the JECS recruited consecutive participants aged 18 years and older from the Jidong communities in China.

Impact of ablation ratio on 5-year postoperative posterior corneal stability after refractive surgery: SMILE and FS-LASIK.

Background: To investigate the impact of the ablation ratio on 5-year postoperative posterior corneal stability in myopic eyes after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) surgery.

Methods: A prospective, nonrandomized, cohort study: 80 eyes of 43 patients underwent SMILE surgery and 63 eyes of 32 patients underwent FS-LASIK surgery at the EYE & ENT Hospital, Fudan University. Ablation ratio was defined as lenticule thickness (SMILE cases) or ablation depth (FS-LASIK cases) divided by central corneal thickness (CCT).

The associations of lens power with age, axial length and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults aged 50 and above.

Background: To investigate the associations of lens power with age, axial length (AL), and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in Chinese adults aged 50 and above.

Methods: Random clustering sampling was used to identify adults aged 50 years and above in urban regions of Shanghai. The participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including subjective refraction, autorefraction, and IOL-Master.

Catquest-9SF functioning over a decade - a study from the Swedish National Cataract Register.

Background: The Swedish National Cataract Register (NCR) collects data on cataract surgery outcomes during March, including patient-reported outcomes using the Catquest-9SF questionnaire for over 11 years. Previous studies from NCR have shown that the preoperative visual acuity has improved over time. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the Catquest-9SF Rasch scoring performance in this changing environment.