Choroidal thickness and choriocapillaris vascular density in myopic anisometropia.

Background: This study aims to examine interocular differences in the choroidal thickness and vascular density of the choriocapillaris in anisometropic myopes and to further explore the relationship between choroidal blood flow and myopia.

Methods: The sample comprised 44 participants with anisometropic myopia, aged 9 to 18 years, with normal best-corrected visual acuity. All participants underwent a series of examinations, including spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL), measured by a Lenstar optical biometer and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scanner.

Accuracy and safety of partial thickness femtosecond laser radial and arcuate keratotomy incisions in porcine eyes.

Background: To evaluate the accuracy and safety of micro radial and arcuate keratotomy incisions constructed by a femtosecond laser system with a curved contact patient interface in porcine eyes.

Methods: Partial thickness micro radial and arcuate keratotomy incisions were constructed in porcine eyes with a femtosecond laser system and evaluated for precision of depth, quality, and consistency. Optical coherence tomography was used to determine the accuracy and precision of incision depth.

Peripheral refraction of myopic eyes with spectacle lenses correction and lens free emmetropes during accommodation.

Purpose: To measure axial and off-axis refraction patterns in myopic eyes with spectacle lenses correction and lens free emmetropes in young healthy subjects at different target distances from 2.00 m (0.50 D) to 0.

Comparisons of corneal biomechanical and tomographic parameters among thin normal cornea, forme fruste keratoconus, and mild keratoconus.

Background: To compare the dynamic corneal response (DCR) and tomographic parameters of thin normal cornea (TNC) with thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) (≤ 500 µm), forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC) and mild keratoconus (MKC) had their central corneal thickness (CCT) matched by Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam) and corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST).

Methods: CCT were matched in 50 eyes with FFKC, 50 eyes with MKC, and 53 TNC eyes with TCT ≤ 500 µm. The differences in DCR and tomographic parameters among the three groups were compared.

Long-term outcomes of two first-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents (iStent) with phacoemulsification in primary open-angle glaucoma: eight-year results.

Background: The short- and medium-term outcomes of iStent have been extensively studied; however, only few studies have investigated its long-term outcomes. Here, we assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of two iStents with concomitant cataract surgery in glaucomatous eyes while also evaluating measures of disease stability using visual field and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic nerve and the macula throughout 8 years of follow-up.

Methods: This longitudinal, single-center consecutive case series included glaucomatous eyes that underwent implantation of two first-generation trabecular micro-bypass stents (iStent) with concomitant cataract surgery.

Machine learning adaptation of intraocular lens power calculation for a patient group.

Background: To examine the effectiveness of the use of machine learning for adapting an intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation for a patient group.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical records of 1,611 eyes of 1,169 Japanese patients who received a single model of monofocal IOL (SN60WF, Alcon) at Miyata Eye Hospital were reviewed and analyzed. Using biometric metrics and postoperative refractions of 1211 eyes of 769 patients, constants of the SRK/T and Haigis formulas were optimized.

Five-year outcomes of EVO implantable collamer lens implantation for the correction of high myopia and super high myopia.

Background: To evaluate the long-term safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability of implantable collamer lens with a central hole (EVO ICL) implantation for correcting high myopia (HM) and super high myopia (SHM).

Methods: This prospective study evaluated 83 eyes of 46 patients who were divided into groups based on their spherical equivalent refractive error (SE): HM group (- 12 D ≤ SE < - 6 D) and SHM group (SE < - 12 D). They were followed up for 5 years after ICL implantation; assessments of uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refractive error, axial length, intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial cell density, and vault were conducted, and a questionnaire was administered.

Dynamic assessment of variations in pupil diameter using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography after phakic collamer lens implantation.

Purpose: To dynamically assess variations in pupil diameter induced by changes in brightness in myopic eyes implanted with an implantable collamer lens (ICL, STAAR Surgical) with a central port.

Methods: This prospective, observational single-center case series study comprised 65 eyes from 65 consecutive patients undergoing ICL implant. A modified commercially available swept-source Fourier-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) device was used for imaging and performing dynamic pupillometry under changing light conditions before and after a mean follow-up interval of four months after surgery.

Visual acuity is correlated with ischemia and neurodegeneration in patients with early stages of diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: We investigated the effects of retinal ischemia, neurodegeneration, and subclinical edema on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: Ischemia was evaluated by the microvascular parameters measured by optical coherence tomography angiography. Neurodegeneration and subclinical edema were identified by the intraretinal layer thickness obtained by optical coherence tomography.

Intravitreal corticosteroids for diabetic macular edema: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different intravitreal corticosteroids for treating diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: Four databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials comparing different intravitreal corticosteroids for treating DME. The primary outcome was the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) within 6 months after the first injection (short-term BCVA).

Retinal image quality with multifocal, EDoF, and accommodative intraocular lenses as studied by pyramidal aberrometry.

Background: To study and compare the clinical optical image quality following implantation with different premium IOLs by analysing the point spread function (PSF) Strehl ratio using a pyramidal wavefront sensor (PWS)-based aberrometer.

Methods: This study included 194 eyes implanted with: (a) 19 AcrySof SA60AT (control group); (b) 19 Miniwell; (c) 24 LENTIS Mplus LS-313 MF30; d) 33 LENTIS Mplus LS-313 MF15; (e) 17 AkkoLens Lumina; (f) 31 AT LISA Tri 839MP; (g) 20 Precizon Presbyopic; (h) 20 AcrySof IQ PanOptix; (i) 11 Tecnis Eyhance. Main outcome measures were PSF Strehl ratio, PSF Strehl ratio excluding second-order aberrations (PSFw2), total root mean square (RMS), low-order aberration (LOA) and high-order aberration (HOA) RMS measured by PWS aberrometer.

Evaluation of implanted perforated lacrimal punctal plugs using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: Evaluation of the patency and position of perforated lacrimal punctal plugs implanted for treating punctal stenosis together with quantitative assessment of the precorneal tear film using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods: In a prospective study, the lower punctum of 54 eyes of 29 patients implanted with perforated punctal plugs were examined using AS-OCT during the early postoperative period. Preoperative tear meniscus height (TMH) and tear meniscus area (TMA) were evaluated.

Corneal collagen cross-linking epithelium-on vs. epithelium-off: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the advantages and disadvantages of epi-on corneal cross-linking (CXL) techniques compared with standard epi-off CXL.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) and we evaluated the selected papers according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. We considered, as primary outcomes, average Kmax flattening, changes in uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA); as secondary outcomes, we considered changes in pachymetry values and endothelial cell density (ECD).

Preliminary results of Preserflo Microshunt versus Preserflo Microshunt and Ologen implantation.

Purpose: To report preliminary 6-month results on the use of the Preserflo Microshunt implant with and without Ologen in 50 pseudophakic eyes with moderate to advanced primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: Fifty pseudophakic eyes underwent ab externo Preserflo Microshunt implantation. Data was gathered retrospectively and two groups were then created, group A with application of MMC 0.

Comparison of magnitude and summated vector mean of surgically induced astigmatism vector according to incision site after phakic intraocular lens implantation.

Background: To compare the arithmetic mean (M-SIA) and the summated vector mean of surgically induced astigmatism (SVM-SIA) according to the incision site after phakic intraocular lens (Visian implantable collamer lens (ICL), STAAR Surgical) implantation.

Methods: This study comprised 121 eyes of 121 consecutive patients undergoing ICL surgery through a 3.0-mm temporal or superior clear corneal incision.

Design, methodology, and baseline of whole city-million scale children and adolescents myopia survey (CAMS) in Wenzhou, China.

Background: Myopia is the most common visual impairment in children and adolescents worldwide. This study described an economical and effective population-based screening pipeline and performed the project of a million scale children and adolescents myopia survey (CAMS), which will shed light on the further study of myopia from the level of epidemiology and precision medicine.

Methods: We developed a novel population-based screening pattern, an intelligent screening process and internet-based information transmission and analysis system to carry out the survey consisting of school children in Wenzhou, China.

In vivo optical quality of posterior-chamber phakic implantable collamer lenses with a central port.

Background: The aim of this review is to summarize the optical quality results in patients following the implantation of the V4c implantable collamer lens with a central port (ICL, STAAR Surgical Inc.).

Main Text: A literature search in several databases was carried out to identify those publications, both prospective, retrospective and/or comparative with other refractive surgery procedures, reporting optical outcomes of patients who were implanted with the V4c ICL model.

Increased risk of postsurgical macular edema in high stage idiopathic epiretinal membranes.

Purpose: To assess the rate of occurrence and the risk factors of postsurgical macular edema (PSME) in eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) or full-thickness macular hole (FTMH).

Methods: Retrospective longitudinal analysis of all subjects scheduled for vitrectomy with or without combined cataract surgery over a 6-month period. Electronic medical charts and imaging data were analyzed preoperatively and at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery.

Intravitreal brimonidine inhibits form-deprivation myopia in guinea pigs.

Background: The use of ocular hypotensive drugs has been reported to attenuate myopia progression. This study explores whether brimonidine can slow myopia progression in the guinea pig form-deprivation (FD) model.

Methods: Three-week-old pigmented male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) underwent monocular FD and were treated with 3 different methods of brimonidine administration (eye drops, subconjunctival or intravitreal injections).

Biometric and ICL-related risk factors associated to sub-optimal vaults in eyes implanted with implantable collamer lenses.

Background: To identify biometric and implantable collamer lens (ICL)-related risk factors associated with sub-optimal postoperative vault in eyes implanted with phakic ICL.

Methods: This study reports a retrospective case series of the first operated eye in 360 patients implanted with myopic spherical or toric ICL. Preoperatively, white-to-white (WTW), central keratometry (Kc) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using the Pentacam.

Evaluation of rebound tonometer iCare IC200 as compared with IcarePRO and Goldmann applanation tonometer in patients with glaucoma.

Background: This study investigated the agreement between a new rebound tonometer, IC200, and IcarePRO and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT).

Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. We measured the intraocular pressure (IOP) in 145 eyes of 145 glaucoma patients in the sitting position using GAT, IcarePRO, and IC200.

Genetic mutations and molecular mechanisms of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.

Background: Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy is a hereditary disease and the most frequent cause of corneal transplantation in the worldwide. Its main clinical signs are an accelerated decrease in the number of endothelial cells, thickening of Descemet's membrane and formation of guttae in the extracellular matrix. The cornea's ability to maintain stromal dehydration is impaired, causing painful epithelial bullae and loss of vision at the point when the amount of corneal endothelial cells cannot be compensated.

Seven-year follow-up of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens with central port design.

Background: To assess the clinical outcomes of the Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) with a central port throughout 7 years of follow-up.

Methods: Eighty-four eyes of 52 patients were evaluated over a follow-up period of 7 years after V4c ICL implantation. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density (ECD) and vault were analysed.

Development of a classification system based on corneal biomechanical properties using artificial intelligence predicting keratoconus severity.

Background: To investigate machine-learning (ML) algorithms to differentiate corneal biomechanical properties between different topographical stages of keratoconus (KC) by dynamic Scheimpflug tonometry (CST, Corvis ST, Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). In the following, ML models were used to predict the severity in a training and validation dataset.

Methods: Three hundred and eighteen keratoconic and one hundred sixteen healthy eyes were included in this monocentric and cross-sectional pilot study.