A three-dimensional morpho-volumetric similarity study of Down syndrome keratopathy vs. keratoconus.

Background: To compare and contrast morpho-volumetric features between Down syndrome (DS) cornea and non-DS keratoconic cornea by three-dimensional (3D) modelling.

Methods: Forty-three subjects (43 eyes) with DS and 99 patients matching their age and sex (99 eyes) with keratoconus (KC) were included in this single-center cross-sectional study. Main outcome measures were high-order aberrations (HOA), central corneal thickness (CCT), spherical equivalent refraction, and morpho-volumetric parameters established using a 3D corneal model, such as deviation of anterior and posterior corneal apices (D/D) and minimum thickness points (D/D) from corneal vertex, areas of the anterior and posterior surfaces (A/A), sagittal area passing through the anterior and posterior corneal apices (A/A) and minimum thickness point (A) and corneal volume of the complete cornea (V).

Comprehensive comparisons of ocular biometry: A network-based big data analysis.

Purpose: To systematically compare and rank ocular measurements with optical and ultrasound biometers based on big data.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the US trial registry ( www.

Clinicaltrial: gov ) were used to systematically search trials published up to October 22nd, 2020.

Self-assessed visual function outcome in cataract surgery: minimum important difference of the Catquest-9SF questionnaire.

Background: The purpose of this study was to study the minimum important difference (MID) of the Catquest-9SF questionnaire in cataract surgery.

Methods: A nationwide multi-center prospective randomized study was conducted using the Swedish National Cataract Register and the Catquest-9SF questionnaire. Randomized patients (n = 400) who had completed the Catquest-9SF before surgery and three months after surgery were sent an anchor question on self-assessed change in visual function after cataract surgery 14 days after the postoperative Catquest-9SF.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab and conbercept before vitrectomy in Chinese proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: To compare the efficacy and safety of preoperative intravitreal injections of ranibizumab and conbercept in Chinese proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients.

Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial enrolled 90 eyes of 80 patients with PDR. Forty-four eyes of 40 patients that received intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) injections (0.

Tolerance to lens tilt and decentration of two multifocal intraocular lenses: using the quick contrast sensitivity function method.

Background: Quick contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) method is an advanced quick method for contrast sensitivity function (CSF) evaluation. This study evaluated the contrast sensitivity (CS) of eyes undergoing cataract surgery with multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and its tolerance to IOL tilt and IOL decentration using the qCSF method.

Methods: Patients undergoing uneventful phacoemulsification and a trifocal IOL (Zeiss AT LISA tri 839MP, Carl Zeiss, Germany) or an extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) IOL (Tecnis Symfony ZXR00, Johnson & Johnsons, USA) implantation were included.

Dynamic analysis of iris changes and a deep learning system for automated angle-closure classification based on AS-OCT videos.

Background: To study the association between dynamic iris change and primary angle-closure disease (PACD) with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) videos and develop an automated deep learning system for angle-closure screening as well as validate its performance.

Methods: A total of 369 AS-OCT videos (19,940 frames)-159 angle-closure subjects and 210 normal controls (two datasets using different AS-OCT capturing devices)-were included. The correlation between iris changes (pupil constriction) and PACD was analyzed based on dynamic clinical parameters (pupil diameter) under the guidance of a senior ophthalmologist.

Effects of lighting conditions and accommodation on the three-dimensional position of Visian implantable collamer lens.

Background: To investigate the effects of lighting conditions and accommodation on the three-dimensional position of Visian implantable collamer lens (ICL V4c).

Methods: This observational study recruited 62 eyes of 31 myopia patients underwent ICL V4c implantation. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) assessed the anterior chamber depth (ACD), ACD-ICL (distance from the corneal endothelium to anterior surface of the ICL V4c), vault (distance between the posterior ICL V4c surface and anterior crystalline lens surface), and crystalline lens tilt under various lighting conditions and accommodation relative to the corneal topographic axis at one year after ICL V4c implantation.

Q-value customized versus wavefront-optimized ablation in femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK for myopia and myopic astigmatism: a prospective contralateral comparative study.

Background: Corneal refractive surgery for myopia results in an oblate shift with increased postoperative aberrations inversely affecting the quality of vision. Aspheric ablation profiles have been introduced to minimize such a problem. The aim of this study was to compare changes in corneal asphericity, central and mid-peripheral pachymetry between the Q-value customized and the wavefront-optimized (WFO) ablation profiles.

Multifocal intraocular lens exchange to monofocal for the management of neuroadaptation failure.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate visual, refractive, quality of vision, visual function and satisfaction of multifocal intraocular lens (MF-IOL) exchange with a monofocal IOL (MNF-IOL) in dissatisfied patients following MF-IOL implantation.

Methods: This was a retrospective case series. Bilateral IOL exchange (MF-IOL to MNF-IOL) was performed in 13 patients (26 eyes) with neuroadaptation failure.

Genetic association of ANGPT2 with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Background: To determine the association of the ANGPT2 gene with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in Chinese.

Methods: Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ANGPT2 (rs2515487, rs2922869, rs13255574, rs4455855, rs13269021, and rs11775442) were genotyped in a total of 2601 study subjects from two cohorts. One is a Hong Kong Chinese cohort of 484 high tension glaucoma (HTG) and 537 normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients, and 496 non-glaucoma control subjects.

Characterization and prediction of the clinical result with a specific model of mini-scleral contact lens in corneas with keratoconus.

Background: To investigate which factors are correlated with the visual improvement achieved with a specific model of scleral contact lens (SCL) in keratoconus (KC) eyes and to define a model to predict such improvement according to the pre-fitting data. In addition, the changes occurred with the fitting of a specific model of SCL during a period of 3 months in corneas with KC have been investigated.

Methods: Longitudinal retrospective study including 30 eyes of 18 patients (age, 14-65 years) with KC fitted with the SCL ICD16.

Comparison of white-to-white measurements using four devices and their determination of ICL sizing.

Background: To compare the measurements obtained from the Orbscan II, IOLMaster 700, Pentacam AXL, and Castroviejo caliper and their effects on calculating the recommended implantable collamer lens (ICL) size and postoperative vault measurements.

Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients who underwent ICL surgery by a single surgeon from March 1, 2018 to July 31, 2021. Records were reviewed for the anterior chamber depth (ACD) and white-to-white (WTW) measurements obtained from the Orbscan II, IOLMaster 700, Pentacam AXL, and Castroviejo caliper (WTW only).

Age- and sex-related differences in the retinal capillary plexus in healthy Chinese adults.

Background: To assess age- and sex-related changes in the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP) in healthy Chinese adults.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all data were derived from the community-based Jidong Eye Cohort Study. Participants underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and other ocular and systemic examinations.

Three-year follow-up of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens with a central port design after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty.

Background: To evaluate clinical outcomes of the Visian implantable collamer lens (ICL) with a central port to correct myopia and astigmatism after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) for keratoconus throughout 3 years of follow-up.

Methods: This study included 20 eyes of 20 patients that underwent V4c ICL (13 eyes with a spherical ICL and 7 eyes with a toric ICL) implantation after DALK. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density (ECD), and vault were analyzed.

TRIM46 aggravated high glucose-induced hyper permeability and inflammatory response in human retinal capillary endothelial cells by promoting IκBα ubiquitination.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) as a severe diabetic complication contributes to blindness. The increased permeability of retinal capillary endothelial cells (RCECs) as well as the production of inflammatory markers are closely related to DR occurrence. We recently revealed that TRIM46 promotes high glucose (HG)-caused ferroptosis in human RCECs (HRCECs).

The shift in sensory eye dominance from short-term monocular deprivation exhibits no dependence on test spatial frequency.

Background: Studies have shown that short-term monocular deprivation induces a shift in sensory eye dominance in favor of the deprived eye. Yet, how short-term monocular deprivation modulates sensory eye dominance across spatial frequency is not clear. To address this issue, we conducted a study to investigate the dependence of short-term monocular deprivation effect on test spatial frequency.

Visual acuity, near phoria and accommodation in myopic children using spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets: results from a randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: To investigate the short- and long-term effects of myopia control spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) and slightly aspherical lenslets (SAL) on visual function and visual quality using data obtained from a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, and double-blinded study; 170 myopic children aged 8-13 years were randomly assigned to the HAL, SAL, or single-vision spectacle lenses (SVL) groups. Distance and near visual acuity (VA) at high (100%) and low (10%) contrast in photopic and scotopic conditions, near phoria, stereoacuity, and accommodative lag, microfluctuations (AMFs), amplitude (AA) were measured after wearing lenses for 10 min, 6 months, and 12 months.

Possible limits of calibrating reading charts with the Landolt ring: a microscopic study.

Purpose: To evaluate microscopically whether the print quality and accuracy of sizing of Landolt ring near vision charts are adequate for the calibration of reading charts.

Methods: Near vision charts with Landolt rings from Oculus GmbH (C-Test; Wetzlar, Germany), Precision Vision (Woodstock, IL) and the RADNER Charts were examined, as well as custom-made Landolt rings optimized for print quality. Microscopic investigations and measurements were performed by using a Huvitz HSZ 600 stereomicroscope (Nikon NIS Elements software) to evaluate the height of the Landolt rings, the thickness of the lines, and the width of the openings.

Peripapillary structural and microvascular alterations in early dysthyroid optic neuropathy.

Background: To explore the changes in blood supply and structure around the optic nerve head (ONH) in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients with suspected dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).

Methods: TAO patients [19 with DON; 24 non-DON (NDON); 20 with equivocal DON (EDON)], and 34 control subjects were examined. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to obtain peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (p-RNFL) and vessel density parameters, including the ONH whole image vessel density (ONH-wiVD) and the radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC-VD) in early DON.

Survival analysis of myopic regression after small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis for low to moderate myopia.

Background: To report the predictive factors of myopic regression in patients who had undergone small incision lenticular extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileuses (FS-LASIK) after 3-12 months of follow-up.

Methods: This retrospective case series study recruited patients with a subjective sphere of - 1.00 to - 6.

Correcting magnification error in foveal avascular zone area measurements of optical coherence tomography angiography images with estimated axial length.

Background: To generate and validate a method to estimate axial length estimated (AL) from spherical equivalent (SE) and corneal curvature [keratometry (K)], and to determine if this AL can replace actual axial length (AL) for correcting transverse magnification error in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images using the Littmann-Bennett formula.

Methods: Data from 1301 participants of the Raine Study Gen2-20 year follow-up were divided into two datasets to generate (n = 650) and validate (n = 651) a relationship between AL, SE, and K. The developed formula was then applied to a separate dataset of 46 participants with AL, SE, and K measurements and OCTA images to estimate and compare the performance of AL against AL in correcting transverse magnification error in OCTA images when measuring the foveal avascular zone area (FAZA).

Prospective 12-month outcomes of combined iStent inject implantation and phacoemulsification in Asian eyes with normal tension glaucoma.

Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is a subset of open-angle glaucoma, demonstrating glaucomatous optic nerve damage in the absence of raised intraocular pressure (IOP). NTG is more prevalent in Asian populations.

Wide-field swept-source OCT angiography of the periarterial capillary-free zone before and after anti-VEGF therapy for branch retinal vein occlusion.

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in the periarterial capillary-free zone (paCFZ) after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) by wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) and assess their associations with clinical outcomes.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study of 54 treatment-naïve BRVO patients with macular edema, we reviewed the findings of 12 × 12 mm SS-OCTA at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months after intravitreal ranibizumab injections. The paCFZ and major retinal artery areas were measured on SS-OCTA images.

Nanoparticles for the treatment of glaucoma-associated neuroinflammation.

Recently, a considerable amount of literature has emerged around the theme of neuroinflammation linked to neurodegeneration. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by visual impairment. Understanding the complex neuroinflammatory processes underlying retinal ganglion cell loss has the potential to improve conventional therapeutic approaches in glaucoma.

Weighted Zernike defocus coefficient of treatment zone is a meaningful indicator for myopia control efficacy of Ortho-K lenses.

Background: The goal of this study was to reproduce a three-dimensional representation of corneal defocus characteristics after orthokeratology (Ortho-K) treatment via an indicator defined as the weighted Zernike defocus coefficient of the treatment zone (C). This could be used to predict the effectiveness of Ortho-K treatment quantitatively in a timely manner after the one-month visit.

Methods: Seventy myopic children with axial length (AL) elongation after Ortho-K treatment (group A) and 63 myopic children with AL shortening after Ortho-K treatment (group B) were included in this one-year retrospective study.