The Zhu-Lu formula: a machine learning-based intraocular lens power calculation formula for highly myopic eyes.

Background: To develop a novel machine learning-based intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formula for highly myopic eyes.

Methods: A total of 1828 eyes (from 1828 highly myopic patients) undergoing cataract surgery in our hospital were used as the internal dataset, and 151 eyes from 151 highly myopic patients from two other hospitals were used as external test dataset. The Zhu-Lu formula was developed based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting and the support vector regression algorithms.

Assessing abnormal corneal endothelial cells from in vivo confocal microscopy images using a fully automated deep learning system.

Background: The goal of this study is to develop a fully automated segmentation and morphometric parameter estimation system for assessing abnormal corneal endothelial cells (CECs) from LASER in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) images.

Methods: First, we developed a fully automated deep learning system for assessing abnormal CECs using a previous development set composed of normal images and a newly constructed development set composed of abnormal images. Second, two testing sets, one with 169 normal images and the other with 211 abnormal images, were used to evaluate the clinical validity and effectiveness of the proposed system on LASER IVCM images with different corneal endothelial conditions, particularly on abnormal images.

Retinal image quality in myopic children undergoing orthokeratology alone or combined with 0.01% atropine.

Background: The retinal image quality derived from lower-order (LOA) and higher-order aberrations (HOA) for fixed 3-mm and photopic pupil diameters, in children undergoing combined 0.01% atropine and orthokeratology (AOK) versus those receiving orthokeratology alone (OK) over two years was evaluated.

Methods: The visual Strehl ratio based on the optical transfer function (VSOTF), derived from 2nd- to 4th-order terms (LOA and HOA combined), 2nd-order terms (LOA only), and 3rd- to 4th-order terms (HOA only) for fixed 3-mm and natural photopic pupil diameters, was compared between the two treatment groups.

Changes in the posterior corneal surface after femtosecond laser-assisted lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty (LIKE) performed into a pocket (SMI-LIKE) or under a flap (FS-LIKE).

Background: To compare the changes in posterior corneal surface after small-incision lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty (SMI-LIKE) and femtosecond laser-assisted lenticule intrastromal keratoplasty (FS-LIKE) for hyperopia correction.

Methods: In this prospective comparative randomized study, 23 eyes with hyperopia were recruited. Eyes were categorized into two groups-SMI-LIKE group (11 eyes) and FS-LIKE group (12 eyes).

Visual and patient-reported outcomes of a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens in highly myopic eyes: a prospective multicenter study.

Background: To investigate the visual and patient-reported outcomes of a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) in highly myopic eyes.

Methods: Patients with planned cataract removal by phacoemulsification and implantation of a trifocal IOL (AT LISA tri 839MP) were enrolled in the prospective, multicenter cohort study. Patients were allocated into three groups according to their axial length (AL): control group, AL < 26 mm; high myopia group, AL 26-28 mm; extreme myopia group, AL ≥ 28 mm.

Simultaneous real-time analysis of tear film optical quality dynamics and functional visual acuity in dry eye disease.

Background: To assess the effect of tear film instability in dry eye disease (DED) by measuring visual performance and tear film optical quality in a simultaneous real-time analysis system.

Methods: Thirty-seven DED participants and 20 normal controls were recruited. A simultaneous real-time analysis system was developed by adding a functional visual acuity (FVA) channel to a double-pass system.

Primary observations of EVO ICL implantation for high myopia with concave iris.

Purpose: To investigate the morphological changes of concave iris in myopic patients after EVO implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation.

Methods: EVO ICL candidates with posterior bowing iris were observed using ultrasound biometric microscopy (UBM) in this prospective nonrandomized observational study. Forty patients were enrolled, with 20 patients in the concave iris group and the other 20 patients in the control group.

Additive effects of narrowband light and optical defocus on chick eye growth and refraction.

Background: In the past decade and during the COVID pandemic, the prevalence of myopia has reached epidemic proportions. To address this issue and reduce the prevalence of myopia and its complications, it is necessary to develop more effective interventions for controlling myopia. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of narrowband lights and competing defocus on eye growth and refraction in chicks, an important step in understanding the potential for these interventions to control myopia.

Metabolomic analysis of aqueous humor reveals potential metabolite biomarkers for differential detection of macular edema.

Background: Macular edema (ME) is a major complication of retinal disease with multiple mechanisms involved in its development. This study aimed to investigate the metabolite profile of aqueous humor (AH) in patients with ME of different etiologies and identify potential metabolite biomarkers for early diagnosis of ME.

Methods: Samples of AH were collected from 60 patients with ME and 20 age- and sex-matched controls and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based metabolomics.

Subconjunctival filtration in evolution: current evidence on MicroShunt implantation for treating patients with glaucoma.

Background: Although traditional surgical procedures for glaucoma (such as trabeculectomy and tube-shunt implantation) can significantly reduce intraocular pressure (IOP), they are associated with numerous complications, some of which are vision-threatening, or involve prolonged recovery or a highly intensive postoperative course. Micro-invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) procedures have shown better safety but reduced efficacy in achieving target IOP. Combinations of these methods have led to the development of subconjunctival micro-invasive procedures with safety comparable to traditional surgery and greater efficacy than minimally invasive methods.

Twelve-month outcomes of single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy for moderate hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism.

Background: Conventional mechanical or alcohol-assisted photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) techniques for correction of hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism were associated with inconsistent results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the 12-month visual and refractive outcomes of the relatively new single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TE-PRK) for moderate hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism.

Methods: This is a prospective interventional study.

Three-dimensional heads-up system assisted pars plana vitrectomy and subretinal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator injection for submacular hemorrhage.

Background: To evaluate the outcomes of three-dimensional (3D) heads-up system assisted pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and subretinal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for submacular hemorrhage (SMH).

Methods: Medical records of SMH patients who underwent 3D heads-up system assisted-PPV and subretinal injection of rt-PA from June 2021 to January 2022 were reviewed. The main outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), SMH absorption, and perioperative complications.

Microglia activation and neuronal alterations in retinas from COVID-19 patients: correlation with clinical parameters.

Background: Different ocular alterations have been described in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our aim was to determine whether COVID-19 affected retinal cells and establish correlations with clinical parameters.

Methods: Retinal sections and flat-mount retinas from human donors with COVID-19 (n = 16) and controls (n = 15) were immunostained.

Agreement between a new optical low coherence reflectometry biometer and an anterior segment optical coherence tomographer.

Background: To assess agreement of measurements between a new optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) biometer (SW-9000, Suoer, Tianjin, China) and a spectral-domain optical coherence tomographer (SD-OCT)/Placido topographer (MS-39, CSO, Florence, Italy) in healthy subjects.

Methods: A total of 66 right eyes from 66 healthy subjects were enrolled in this prospective study. Three consecutive measurements were randomly obtained with both devices by the same experienced operator to assess agreement.

Reduced contrast sensitivity function correlated with superficial retinal capillary plexus impairment in early stage of dysthyroid optic neuropathy.

Background: To assess the accuracy of contrast sensitivity function (CSF) in detecting dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) at an early stage in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients and to examine potential factors that may be linked to early visual impairments in these individuals.

Methods: A total of 81 TAO patients (50 non-DON and 31 DON), and 24 control subjects participated in the study. CSF was measured with the quick CSF (qCSF) method.

The cause of redetachment after vitrectomy with air tamponade for a cohort of 1715 patients with retinal detachment: an analysis of retinal breaks reopening.

Background: To investigate the prevalence and predictors of retinal breaks reopening after vitrectomy with air tamponade in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Shanghai General Hospital. Chart review was performed among 1715 patients with primary RRD who received pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with air tamponade as initial management.

Long-term follow-up of changes in ocular biometric parameters in orthokeratology lens wearers with relatively large-scale axial length reduction.

Background: To investigate ocular biological characteristics for myopic children with axial length (AL) reduction during orthokeratology (Ortho-K) treatment and provide clinical clues for better myopia control effects.

Methods: Changes in ocular parameters and treatment zone (TZ) in 75 subjects who completed one-year Ortho-K treatment were retrospectively reviewed. The subjects were divided into two groups according to one-year AL change: the AL reduction group (n = 37) and the AL elongation group (n = 38).

Comparison of dynamic defocus curve on cataract patients implanting extended depth of focus and monofocal intraocular lens.

Background: The aim of the study was to compare the dynamic defocus curve on patients post-implantation of the extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) and monofocal intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods: A total of 62 age-related cataract patients receiving phacoemulsification with implantation of TECNIS Symfony (ZXR00) or monofocal IOLs were enrolled. The binocular static and dynamic defocus curves with corrected distance visual acuity were evaluated at one month postoperatively.

Reproducibility of each retinal layer thickness measurement in epiretinal membrane patients with ectopic inner foveal layers.

Background: To identify the reliability of each retinal layer thickness measurement in epiretinal membrane (ERM) patients with ectopic inner foveal layers (EIFLs).

Methods: Subjects were divided into two groups: ERM patients with EIFLs (Group 1) and without EIFLs (Group 2). The retinal layer thickness was measured twice, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) values were calculated.

A three-dimensional morpho-volumetric similarity study of Down syndrome keratopathy vs. keratoconus.

Background: To compare and contrast morpho-volumetric features between Down syndrome (DS) cornea and non-DS keratoconic cornea by three-dimensional (3D) modelling.

Methods: Forty-three subjects (43 eyes) with DS and 99 patients matching their age and sex (99 eyes) with keratoconus (KC) were included in this single-center cross-sectional study. Main outcome measures were high-order aberrations (HOA), central corneal thickness (CCT), spherical equivalent refraction, and morpho-volumetric parameters established using a 3D corneal model, such as deviation of anterior and posterior corneal apices (D/D) and minimum thickness points (D/D) from corneal vertex, areas of the anterior and posterior surfaces (A/A), sagittal area passing through the anterior and posterior corneal apices (A/A) and minimum thickness point (A) and corneal volume of the complete cornea (V).

Comprehensive comparisons of ocular biometry: A network-based big data analysis.

Purpose: To systematically compare and rank ocular measurements with optical and ultrasound biometers based on big data.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the US trial registry ( www.

Clinicaltrial: gov ) were used to systematically search trials published up to October 22nd, 2020.

Self-assessed visual function outcome in cataract surgery: minimum important difference of the Catquest-9SF questionnaire.

Background: The purpose of this study was to study the minimum important difference (MID) of the Catquest-9SF questionnaire in cataract surgery.

Methods: A nationwide multi-center prospective randomized study was conducted using the Swedish National Cataract Register and the Catquest-9SF questionnaire. Randomized patients (n = 400) who had completed the Catquest-9SF before surgery and three months after surgery were sent an anchor question on self-assessed change in visual function after cataract surgery 14 days after the postoperative Catquest-9SF.