Safety and Efficacy of Deutetrabenazine at High versus Lower Daily Dosages in the ARC-HD Study to Treat Chorea in Huntington Disease.

Background: Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes psychiatric and neurological symptoms, including involuntary and irregular muscle movements (chorea). Chorea can disrupt activities of daily living, pose safety issues, and may lead to social withdrawal. The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine, and valbenazine are approved treatments that can reduce chorea.

Propensity analysis reveals survival disparities between T1a and T1b well-differentiated thyroid cancer based on surgery.

Background: With rising well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) incidence, the appropriate treatment choice remains controversial for T1 tumors <2 cm. This study analyzed differences in surgery refusal and survival outcomes between T1a (<1 cm) and T1b (1-2 cm) WDTC, examining the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with patients who decide to either undergo or refuse recommended surgery.

Methods: We studied 81,664 T1N0M0 WDTC patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry [2000-2019].

Antithrombotic therapy and the risk of pocket hematoma after subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation.

Background: Little data exists regarding the optimal antithrombotic strategy during S-ICD implantation to prevent pocket hematomas. This study explores the association between perioperative antithrombotic management and the occurrence of pocket hematoma following S-ICD implantation.

Methods: All patients who underwent de novo S-ICD implantation between February 2009 and January 2023 at Amsterdam UMC were included.

IL-33-activated ILC2s induce tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are de novo ectopic lymphoid aggregates that regulate immunity in chronically inflamed tissues, including tumours. Although TLSs form due to inflammation-triggered activation of the lymphotoxin (LT)-LTβ receptor (LTβR) pathway, the inflammatory signals and cells that induce TLSs remain incompletely identified. Here we show that interleukin-33 (IL-33), the alarmin released by inflamed tissues, induces TLSs.

Photon-Counting CT Effects on Sensitivity for Liver Lesion Detection: A Reader Study Using Virtual Imaging.

Background Detection of hepatic metastases at CT is a daily task in radiology departments that influences medical and surgical treatment strategies for oncology patients. Purpose To compare simulated photon-counting CT (PCCT) with energy-integrating detector (EID) CT for the detection of small liver lesions. Materials and Methods In this reader study (July to December 2023), a virtual imaging framework was used with 50 anthropomorphic phantoms and 183 generated liver lesions (one to six lesions per phantom, 0.

Multimodality Imaging Evaluation of Diseases of the Pulmonic Valve and Right Ventricular Outflow Tract for the Adult Cardiologist.

Disorders of the pulmonic valve (PV) receive considerably less attention than other forms of valvular heart disease. Due to the dramatically improved survival of children with congenital heart disease over the last 5 decades, there has been a steady increase in the prevalence of adults with congenital heart disease, which necessitates that clinicians become familiar with the anatomy and the evaluation of right ventricular outflow tract and PV anomalies. A multimodality imaging approach using echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging is essential for a comprehensive evaluation of the anatomy and function of the right ventricular outflow tract, PV, and supravalvular region.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Basics: Quadriceps Tendon (All-Soft Tissue) Autograft Preparation-Part 2.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with quadriceps tendon autograft is a reliable graft option that has recently increased in use. Varying harvesting and graft preparation techniques available and improved technology and implant design continue to make quadricep tendon preparation more efficient and reproducible. In this Technical Note, we describe our preferred technique for all-soft tissue quadriceps tendon autograft preparation after harvest for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Endoscopic Technique: Sciatic Neurolysis and Piriformis Tendon Release for Treating Piriformis Syndrome.

Piriformis syndrome (PS) is an underdiagnosed condition, caused by entrapment of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle tendon and adhesions in the deep gluteal space. We present a step-by-step endoscopic technique with the patient in a prone position through a posterior approach. This approach provides improved orientation for tracking the sciatic nerve from distal to proximal, facilitating the release of all adhesions and concluding with a piriformis tendon release.

Medical large language models are vulnerable to data-poisoning attacks.

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare demands a careful analysis of their potential to spread false medical knowledge. Because LLMs ingest massive volumes of data from the open Internet during training, they are potentially exposed to unverified medical knowledge that may include deliberately planted misinformation. Here, we perform a threat assessment that simulates a data-poisoning attack against The Pile, a popular dataset used for LLM development.

Symptom management in isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant glioma.

According to the 2021 World Health Organization classification of CNS tumors, gliomas harboring a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (mIDH) are considered a distinct disease entity, typically presenting in adult patients before the age of 50 years. Given their multiyear survival, patients with mIDH glioma are affected by tumor and treatment-related symptoms that can have a large impact on the daily life of both patients and their caregivers for an extended period of time. Selective oral inhibitors of mIDH enzymes have recently joined existing anticancer treatments, including resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, as an additional targeted treatment modality.

"Do My Friends Only Like the School Me or the True Me?": School Belonging, Camouflaging, and Anxiety in Autistic Students.

Unlabelled: The prevalence of autistic students in schools is continuously increasing. Typically, the social and sensory differences associated with autism can make the school environment difficult to manage. Autistic students are more likely to experience mental health difficulties than their non-autistic peers.

Analyzing temporal imaging patterns in acute ischemic stroke via DICOM-timestamps.

Acute stroke management is time-sensitive, making time data crucial for both research and quality management. However, these time data are often not reliably captured in routine clinical practice. In this proof-of-concept study we analysed image-based time data automatically captured in the DICOM format.

A comic that explains palliative care: how patients experience comic-based educational material.

Objective: The aim of this study was to create a patient-centered comic on palliative care with and for patients admitted to a palliative care unit and to examine their experiences of graphic educational material.

Methods: This study employed a qualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews with advanced cancer patients admitted to the palliative care unit of the Medical University of Vienna. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis with the assistance of the MAXQDA software.

MRI of the Rectum: A Decade into DISTANCE, Moving to DISTANCED.

Over the past decade, advancements in rectal cancer research have reshaped treatment paradigms. Historically, treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer has focused on neoadjuvant long-course chemoradiotherapy, followed by total mesorectal excision. Interest in organ preservation strategies has been strengthened by the introduction of total neoadjuvant therapy with improved rates of complete clinical response.

Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Olaparib and Regorafenib in an Animal Model.

Background: Olaparib (OLA) and regorafenib (REG) are metabolized by the CYP3A4 isoenzyme of cytochrome P450. Both drugs are also substrates and inhibitors of the membrane transporters P-glycoprotein and BCRP. Therefore, the potential concomitant use of OLA and REG may result in clinically relevant drug-drug interactions.

Combination of Inulin and Resistant Dextrin Has Superior Prebiotic Effects and Reduces Gas Production During In Vitro Fermentation of Fecal Samples from Older People.

Background: Older people are more susceptible to deterioration of the gut microbiota. Prebiotics help improve the gut microbiota. Inulin, a major prebiotic, stimulates the growth of ; however, it produces a large amount of gas, which leads to abdominal symptoms.

Genetic polymorphisms of the Growth Hormone (GH) gene in Damascus and Black Bengal male goats.

Sustainable agriculture approaches necessitate a concerted effort from researchers to establish paths that meet global population needs without compromising environmental resources. Goats are unique among ruminants because of their ability to adapt to some of the harshest environments around the world. Growth Hormone (GH) gene is a major regulator of muscle mass growth.

Recombinant Human Tissue Kallikrein-1 for Treating Acute Ischemic Stroke and Preventing Recurrence.

Novel strategies are needed for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke when revascularization therapies are not clinically appropriate or are unsuccessful. rKLK1 (recombinant human tissue kallikrein-1), a bradykinin-producing enzyme, offers a promising potential solution. In animal studies of acute stroke, there is a marked 36-fold increase in bradykinin B2 receptor on brain endothelial cells of the ischemic region.

Predicting Antidepressant Treatment Response From Cortical Structure on MRI: A Mega-Analysis From the ENIGMA-MDD Working Group.

Accurately predicting individual antidepressant treatment response could expedite the lengthy trial-and-error process of finding an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested and compared machine learning-based methods that predict individual-level pharmacotherapeutic treatment response using cortical morphometry from multisite longitudinal cohorts. We conducted an international analysis of pooled data from six sites of the ENIGMA-MDD consortium (n = 262 MDD patients; age = 36.

Personalized, autologous neoantigen-specific T cell therapy in metastatic melanoma: a phase 1 trial.

New treatment approaches are warranted for patients with advanced melanoma refractory to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) or BRAF-targeted therapy. We designed BNT221, a personalized, neoantigen-specific autologous T cell product derived from peripheral blood, and tested this in a 3 + 3 dose-finding study with two dose levels (DLs) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic melanoma, disease progression after ICB, measurable disease (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1) and, where appropriate, BRAF-targeted therapy.

International multicenter validation of AI-driven ultrasound detection of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian lesions are common and often incidentally detected. A critical shortage of expert ultrasound examiners has raised concerns of unnecessary interventions and delayed cancer diagnoses. Deep learning has shown promising results in the detection of ovarian cancer in ultrasound images; however, external validation is lacking.