Ancient genomes reveal Avar-Hungarian transformations in the 9th-10th centuries CE Carpathian Basin.

During the Early Medieval period, the Carpathian Basin witnessed substantial demographic shifts, notably under the Avar dominance for ~250 years, followed by the settlement of early Hungarians in the region during the late 9th century CE. This study presents the genetic analysis of 296 ancient samples, including 103 shotgun-sequenced genomes, from present-day Western Hungary. By using identity-by-descent segment sharing networks, this research offers detailed insights into the population structure and dynamics of the region from the 5th to 11th centuries CE, with specific focus on certain microregions.

Development of Novel Imipridones with Alkyne- and Triazole-Linked Warheads on the Tricyclic Skeleton, Showing Superior Ability to Eradicate PANC-1 and Fadu Cells Compared to ONC201.

Our ongoing research focuses on the development of new imipridone derivatives. We aim to design compounds that can completely and selectively eradicate cancer cells after relatively short treatment. We have synthetized systematically designed novel hybrids and evaluated their antiproliferative activity against PANC-1 and Fadu cell lines.

Analysis of Mycorrhization Trends and Undesired Fungi Species in Three- and Six-Year-Old Plantations in Hungary.

is a key truffle species with significant ecological and economic value. Despite its importance, plantation success can be influenced by soil pH, host plants, and undesired fungi. This study examines how soil pH and host plants influence mycorrhization trends in plantations across six plant species in eight Hungarian settlements, using root sampling and DNA analysis to assess plantations at three and six years of age.

Re-interpreting renewable and non-renewable water resources in the over-pressured Pannonian Basin.

With climate change, population growth and the resulting escalating water shortage, humanity is increasingly turning to non-renewable and even fossil groundwater resources, which poses a major challenge to sustainable water management. In this study, 2D basin-scale numerical simulations were carried out on the COMSOL Multiphysics finite element numerical platform to identify non-renewable water resources in the Central Pannonian Basin (Central Europe, Hungary) based on the lack of hydraulic connection to recharge areas. The concept and boundary conditions (fixed water table configuration at the top, pressure-elevation profiles on the lateral sides, and constant pressure on the bottom) were derived from a previous basin-scale hydraulic data evaluation study, while the hydrostratigraphic subdivision was based on seismic and well log interpretations.

How to Tackle Discordance in Adjuvant Chemotherapy Recommendations by Using Oncotype DX Results, in Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Background: The use of the Oncotype DX test reduces the rate of adjuvant chemotherapy recommendations. Few in-depth analyses have been performed on this decision-making process.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patient data based on available Oncotype DX test results (RS) irrespective of nodal status at a single center.

Assessing surface water quality in Hungary's Danube basin using geochemical modeling, multivariate analysis, irrigation indices, and Monte Carlo simulation.

Evaluation of water quality is crucial for managing surface water effectively, ensuring its suitability for human use, and sustaining the environment. In the lower Danube River basin, various methods were employed to assess surface water quality for irrigation, drinking, human health risk purposes and the main mechanism control the surface water chemistry. These methods included water quality indicators (WQIs), complex statistical analyses, geographic information systems (GIS), Monte Carlo simulation, and geochemical modeling.

Synthesis and Antiproliferative Effect of New Alkyne-Tethered Vindoline Hybrids Containing Pharmacophoric Fragments.

In the frame of our diversity-oriented research on multitarget small molecule anticancer agents, utilizing convergent synthetic sequences terminated by Sonogashira coupling reactions, a preliminary selection of representative alkyne-tethered vindoline hybrids was synthesized. The novel hybrids with additional pharmacophoric fragments of well-documented anticancer agents, including FDA-approved tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (imatinib and erlotinib) or ferrocene or chalcone units, were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on malignant cell lines MDA-MB-231 (triple negative breast cancer), A2780 (ovarian cancer), HeLa (human cervical cancer), and SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) as well as on human embryonal lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5, which served as a reference non-malignant cell line for the assessment of the therapeutic window of the tested hybrids. The biological assays identified a trimethoxyphenyl-containing chalcone-vindoline hybrid () as a promising lead compound exhibiting submicromolar activity on A2780 cells with a marked therapeutic window.

The "Twin Peaks" method of automated Spike-Wave detection: A two-step, two-criteria Matlab application.

Background: There are many automated spike-wave discharge detectors, but the known weaknesses of otherwise good methods and the varying working conditions of different research groups (mainly the access to hardware and software) invite further exploration into alternative approaches.

New Method: The algorithm combines two criteria, one in the time-domain and one in the frequency-domain, exploiting morphological asymmetry and the presence of harmonics, respectively. The time-domain criterion is additionally adjusted by normal modelling between the first and second iterations.

Corrigendum: Estimating the prevalence of alcohol-related disorders and treatment utilization in Bremen 2016/2017 through routine data linkage.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.

Continuous distribution of cancer cells in the cell cycle unveiled by AI-segmented imaging of 37,000 HeLa FUCCI cells.

Classification of live or fixed cells based on their unlabeled microscopic images would be a powerful tool for cell biology and pathology. For such software, the first step is the generation of a ground truth database that can be used for training and testing AI classification algorithms. The Application of cells expressing fluorescent reporter proteins allows the building of ground truth datasets in a straightforward way.

CORVET-specific subunit levels determine the balance between HOPS/CORVET endosomal tethering complexes.

The closely related endolysosomal tethering complexes HOPS and CORVET play pivotal roles in the homo- and heterotypic fusion of early and late endosomes, respectively, and HOPS also mediates the fusion of lysosomes with incoming vesicles including late endosomes and autophagosomes. These heterohexameric complexes share their four core subunits that assemble with additional two, complex-specific subunits. These features and the similar structure of the complexes could allow the formation of hybrid complexes, and the complex specific subunits may compete for binding to the core.

The genus () in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin: a morphological and phylogenetic taxonomic revision.

Type material and additional collections of 11 taxa of described in Europe and North Africa have been studied, namely , , var. , var. , var.

"…in the middle of nowhere…" Access to, and quality of, services for autistic adults from parents' perspectives: a qualitative study.

Introduction: Adequate education, employment, and services for autistic individuals contribute significantly to their and their parents' quality of life. Services and support for adults are dramatically more limited than those for children. The main purpose of this study was to explore how parents perceive factors supporting/hindering access to services, and how they assess the quality of services.

How to design and establish a national school-based physical fitness monitoring and surveillance system for children and adolescents: A 10-step approach recommended by the FitBack network.

Background: Providing individual- and population-level data on children's physical fitness (PF) is a crucial public health and education priority. However, few national fitness monitoring or surveillance systems are currently in practice internationally. We aim to summarize the current European PF monitoring and surveillance systems for school-aged children and to provide experience-based guidelines on how to design such systems.

Antecedents and components of burnout among Hungarian teachers in a cross-sectional study: Development of the Burnout Antecedents and Components Questionnaire.

Background: Studies have focused more on the outcome than on the antecedents of burnout. We aimed to develop a new measurement tool for burnout, including the antecedents and different components drawing from theories of the developmental aspect of burnout.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study we tested the Burnout Antecedents and Components Questionnaire on a convenience sample of teachers (n = 618, 83.

Dose-Dependent Beneficial Effect of Ketone Supplement-Evoked Ketosis on Anxiety Level in Female WAG/Rij Rats: Sometimes Less Is More.

While one-third of the population can be affected by anxiety disorders during their lifetime, our knowledge of the pathophysiology of these disorders is far from complete. Previously, it has been demonstrated in male animals that exogenous ketone supplement-evoked ketosis can decrease anxiety levels in preclinical rodent models, such as Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether intragastric gavage of the exogenous ketone supplement KEMCT (mix of 1,3-butanediol-acetoacetate diester/ketone ester/KE and medium-chain triglyceride/MCT oil in 1:1 ratio) for 7 days can alter the anxiety levels of female WAG/Rij rats using the light-dark box (LDB) test.

Unique Patterns in Amino Acid Sequences of Aging-Related Proteins.

Aging has strong genetic components and the list of genes that may regulate the aging process is collected in the GenAge database. There may be characteristic patterns in the amino acid sequences of aging-related proteins that distinguish them from other proteins and this information will lead to a better understanding of the aging process. To test this hypothesis, human protein sequences are extracted from the UniProt database and the relative frequency of every amino acid residue in aging-related proteins and the remaining proteins is calculated.

Investigating the impacts of heavy metal(loid)s on ecology and human health in the lower basin of Hungary's Danube River: A Python and Monte Carlo simulation-based study.

This study aimed to determine the environmental and health risks of the heavy metal levels in the Danube River in Hungary. The metals, including Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, and As, were measured in the period from 2013 to 2019. The Spearman correlation and heatmap cluster analysis were utilized to determine the origin of pollution and the factors that control surface water quality.

Investigation of Recrystallization Kinetics in 1050 Al Alloy by Experimental Evidence and Modeling Approach.

The recrystallization (RX) kinetics of commercially pure Al alloy is studied under the scope of annealing temperature, time, and degree of deformation. To examine the distribution of recrystallization, Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) theory is employed, where the path of microstructural transformation from the deformed state to the fully recovered one is studied as a function of the volume fraction of recrystallized grains (XV) and annealing time. The drop in hardness is recorded for the samples at various stages of annealing with a corresponding decrease in stored energy as the annealing time increases.

Downregulation of transposable elements extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Mobility of transposable elements (TEs) frequently leads to insertional mutations in functional DNA regions. In the potentially immortal germline, TEs are effectively suppressed by the Piwi-piRNA pathway. However, in the genomes of ageing somatic cells lacking the effects of the pathway, TEs become increasingly mobile during the adult lifespan, and their activity is associated with genomic instability.