Psychotropic drug-induced adverse drug reactions in 462,661 psychiatric inpatients in relation to age: results from a German drug surveillance program from 1993-2016.

Background: Clinical practice suggests that older adults (i.e., ≥ 65 years of age) experience adverse drug reactions (ADRs) more often than younger patients (i.

Echography-guided Botulinum Toxin for Moving Ear Syndrome.

Background: Moving Ear Syndrome is a rare hyperkinetic disorder.

Phenomenology Shown: This Video Abstract illustrates typical backward movements of the right ear associated with pain and discomfort in a man with Moving Ear Syndrome.

Educational Value: Moving Ear Syndrome is effectively and safely treatable with EMG-US-guided botulinum toxin injections.

Sjogren's Syndrome: A Series of Five Cases.

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that has a prominent involvement of exocrine glands. Systemic involvement of other organs can also happen. Peripheral nervous system involvement is common and may present as axonal sensory/sensorimotor or demyelinating polyneuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, ganglionopathy, or cranial neuritis.

Differentiating Essential and Dystonic Head Tremor: Exploring Arm Position Effects.

Background: Head tremor poses diagnostic problems, especially when present as an isolated or predominant symptom.

Objectives: To assess how maneuvers activating upper limb postural tremor can help differentiate head tremor in essential tremor (ET) from dystonic tremor (DT) in cervical dystonia.

Methods: 48 patients with head tremor (25 ET, 23 DT), underwent clinical examination and accelerometric evaluation of head and upper limb tremor during routine tremor-inducing tasks.

Sustainable Improvement of Anterocollis-type Cervical Dystonia with a Hanger Reflex Device: A Case Report.

The hanger reflex is an automatic head rotation movement. When individuals wear a wire clothes hanger on the head to compress the frontotemporal region, the head spontaneously rotates toward the compressed side. The device to induce the hanger reflex was first developed for treating rotation-type cervical dystonia, followed by the development of a device for anterocollis-type cervical dystonia.

CONTRIBUTION OF PHYSIOTHERAPY IN PSYCHIATRY: CASE OF A PATIENT SUFFERING OF DYSTONIA DUE TO ANTIPSYCHOTICS AT THE SAINT JOHN OF GOD MENTALHEALTH CENTRE IN LOMÉ-TOGO.

Introduction: Antipsychotic-induced dystonia is a neurological side-effect and can be very disabling. Treatment is multidisciplinary, including physiotherapy.

Objective: The aim was to show the contribution of physiotherapy in the management of people suffering from dystonia secondary to antipsychotics.

Biallelic Variants in LIPT2 as a Cause of Infantile-Onset Dystonia: Expanding the Clinical and Molecular Spectrum.

Background: Lipoyl transferase 2 is involved in the biosynthesis of lipoate. Lipoate is the cofactor for the glycine cleavage system and four dehydrogenase enzymes. Biallelic variants in LIPT2 causing severe neonatal encephalopathy was first described in 2017.

A Rare Cause of Acquired Non-Wilsonian Hepato-Cerebral Degeneration in a Middle-Aged Woman.

Manganese is an essential trace mineral that has a vital role in maintaining various body functions. Manganese toxicity, referred to as Manganism, causing parkinsonism is a well-known phenomenon that occurs secondary to chronic environmental and occupational exposure to manganese. Patients with underlying chronic liver disease are also susceptible to the toxic accumulation of manganese since it essentially undergoes biliary excretion.

First report of PURA syndrome in a Colombian patient with de novo missense variant c.692T>C (p.Phe231Ser).

We present the first documented case of PURA syndrome in Colombia. This rare neurological disease results from mutations in the PURA gene located on chromosome 5, leading to haploinsufficiency of the PUR-α protein. This protein is essential for early brain development and neuronal function.

Acute Focal Dystonia as a Presentation of Uncontrolled Hyperglycemia.

Hyperglycemia-induced involuntary movements (HIIM) include tremors, hemichorea-hemiballismus (HCHB), and more rarely, dystonia. Presentations may vary, but hyperintensity involving the basal ganglia area on the T1 sequence of MRI brain remains a commonality.  We report the occurrence of focal dystonia with uncontrolled hyperglycemia but no focal abnormalities on MRI.

ATP1A3 dysfunction causes motor hyperexcitability and afterhyperpolarization loss in a dystonia model.

Mutations in the gene encoding the alpha3 Na+/K+-ATPase isoform (ATP1A3) lead to movement disorders that manifest with dystonia, a common neurological symptom with many different origins, but for which the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We have generated an ATP1A3 mutant mouse that displays motor impairments and a hyperexcitable motor phenotype compatible with dystonia. We show that neurons harboring this mutation are compromised in their ability to extrude raised levels of intracellular sodium, highlighting a profound deficit in neuronal sodium homeostasis.

Clinical Reasoning: A 50-Year-Old Man With Ataxia, Dystonia, and Abnormal Ocular Movements.

A 50-year-old male patient presented with a 10-year history of progressive cerebellar ataxia, multifocal dystonia with dystonic tremors, and oculomotor abnormalities including bilateral ptosis, slow saccades, and reduced range of ocular movements. There were no signs of cognitive impairment, parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, or muscle weakness, and the family history was unremarkable. This case presents the diagnostic approach to adult-onset cerebellar ataxia with dystonia and abnormal eye movements.

Exploring Throwing Yips in Youth Baseball Players: Prevalence, Symptoms, Players' Psychological Characteristics, and Triggers.

Symptoms of "the yips" manifest in various sports and often cause athletes to retire prematurely from competition. While there have been case studies on yips-affected baseballers (YBBs), there has been no comprehensive demographic profile of YBBs, and contributing factors are only partially understood. We aimed to describe youth YBBs' demographic characteristics and explore contributing factors to yips symptoms.

Heterotopic Osteotomy for Intrathecal Baclofen Test Dose Administration in a Pediatric Patient With Spinal Fusion: A Technical Note.

Background And Importance: Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps are used for the treatment of pediatric movement disorders that are rapidly progressive or do not respond to medical management. An ITB test dose is indicated in patients who have mixed tone, when the family remains unconvinced, or when insurance companies require it. Test doses are typically delivered by lumbar puncture; however, lumbar puncture in patients with heterotopic ossification of the lumbar vertebrae after a previous spinal fusion is not possible.

Adult-Onset Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis: Variant Presenting as Focal Dystonia.

Background: Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a rare hereditary lysosomal storage disorder causing neuronal loss and progressive neurodegeneration. variants cause varied phenotypic presentations.

Case Report: A 49-year-old male presented with late adult-onset progressive focal right lower limb dystonia.

Split hand and minipolymyoclonus in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: a case report.

Background: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease, is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG repeat expansion in exon 10 of ATXN3. Extra-cerebellar manifestations, including external ophthalmoplegia, dystonia, Parkinsonism, and peripheral neuropathy, are predominantly present in SCA3 cases. Here, we report a case of SCA3 presenting with a split hand and minipolymyoclonus.

Systematic Review of Obstetric and Child Outcomes of Prenatal Exposure to Inhalants in the Context of a Use Disorder.

Objectives: Inhalants are often used for their psychoactive effects, producing feelings of euphoria. Inhalant and solvent use is a serious public health concern, yet little is known about their effects on perinatal, fetal, and child outcomes. The aim of our review is to evaluate the impact of inhalant use by pregnant people on maternal, fetal, neonatal, and early childhood outcomes.