84,204 results match your criteria: "Dysphagia"

Background: Up to 80% of stroke patients suffer from dysphagia. It is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs due to aspiration, pneumonia, and malnutrition, which represent a significant burden to stroke survivors, their relatives, and the healthcare system. Early recognition and management of post-stroke dysphagia is key to reducing its complications and enhancing patients' quality of life.

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Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal condition that has a detrimental impact on one's quality of life because of acid reflux causing damage to the esophagus. Primary symptoms consist of heartburn and regurgitation, although patients may also encounter chest pain, nausea, and dysphagia. Medical students may be particularly susceptible due to stressful lifestyles and unhealthy habits.

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Tislelizumab, as a PD-1 inhibitor, has demonstrated significant efficacy in cancer treatment. However, it may also induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This case report describes a patient who developed oral ulcers and dysphagia following treatment with tislelizumab, which was diagnosed as exfoliative esophagitis through endoscopic examination.

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Purpose: Sarcoidosis, a multi-organ granulomatous disease, occasionally involves the nervous system, presenting as neurosarcoidosis. The following case demonstrates a potential association between COVID-19 and brain and spinal cord injury mimicking neurosarcoidosis.

Case Description: A 51-year-old woman presented with persistent holocranial headache, nausea, vertigo, and neurological deficits one month after a COVID-19 hospitalization.

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We present O-T advancement reconstruction (OTAR) in lateral tongue defects, describing technique, indications, outcomes, and limitations. 11 patients with lateral tongue defects who underwent OTAR after earlystage cancer removal. Demographics, staging, functional oral intake scale (FOIS), dysphagia outcome severity scale (DOSS), defect size, and complications were included.

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Submandibular Ectopic Thymic Mass in a 6-Month-Old Infant.

World J Nucl Med

December 2024

Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.

Infant ectopic cervical thymus is a relatively uncommon diagnosis and, in many cases, subclinical. If not subclinical, it may present as a palpable swelling or with compressive symptoms (i.e.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A 78-year-old male with dysphagia underwent several diagnostic procedures, ultimately confirming a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after various initial findings were misattributed to less severe conditions.
  • * The rapid progression of the disease in this patient underscored the need for prompt recognition of primary oesophageal lymphoma, especially in older individuals, and ultimately shifted the focus to palliative care due to the aggressive nature of the illness.
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Background: EsoCap is a thin mucoadhesive film designed to target the oesophageal mucosa. The device loaded with mometasone furoate (ESO-101) is under investigation for the treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE).

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of ESO-101 in patients with active EoE.

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A 68-year-old woman were admitted with chief complaints of persistent hoarseness, dysphagia and dyspnea on effort. She was found to have a left atrial myxoma with obstruction of mitral inflow on echo-cardiogram. The tumor was extensively attached to the atrial septum and left atrium.

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Retrosternal or substernal goitre is a clinical entity defined when a significant proportion of the thyroid gland extends inferiorly through the thoracic inlet into the mediastinum. It has an incidence of 5.1-15.

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Prediction of stroke-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia: Machine learning approach.

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis

December 2024

Neurology Section, Neuroscience Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Stroke-associated Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) is a serious concern for stroke patients, and this study investigates using machine learning to predict its occurrence based on national registry data.
  • The research involved analyzing data from nearly 10,000 stroke patients and comparing the performance of various machine learning models, with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) achieving the best results.
  • Key predictors for HAP were identified through SHAP analysis, indicating that factors like stroke severity and arrival method significantly affect the risk of developing HAP, highlighting the potential for improved patient care through predictive modeling.
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Purpose: Rodent models suggest that when respiratory demands increase during an exercise program, tongue and thyroarytenoid muscles engage to maintain a patent airway, leading to increased muscle strength. This suggests that nonspecific exercises that increase respiratory rate may improve swallowing. As such, the purpose of this proof-of-principle study was to determine the potential for whole-body exercise to improve tongue strength, cough strength, and self-reported swallowing function in older adults with Parkinson's disease (PD).

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Several proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dosing regimens that vary by strength and frequency (once [Qday] or twice [BID] daily) are available to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the impact of various PPI regimens on esophageal healing and GERD and heartburn symptoms. To identify relevant studies, we searched EMBASE and PubMed in January 2023, which yielded 1381 records.

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Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory esophageal disorder, often associated with dysphagia, chest discomfort, and heartburn. There is limited information on persistent esophageal symptoms despite histologic remission (HR). We aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of persistent esophageal symptoms in adult patients with EoE in HR.

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A Software Framework for the Functional Lumen Imaging Probe-Mechanics (MechView).

Neurogastroenterol Motil

December 2024

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Kenneth C. Griffin Esophageal Center, Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Background: The functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) has proven to be a versatile device for diagnosing esophageal motility disorders and estimating esophageal wall compliance, but there is a lack of viable software for quantitative assessment of FLIP measurements.

Methods: A Python-based web framework was developed for a unified assessment of FLIP measurements including clinical metrics such as esophagogastric junction (EGJ) distensibility index (DI), maximum EGJ opening diameter, mechanics-based metrics for estimating strength, and effectiveness of contractions, such as contraction power and displaced volume, and machine learning-based clustering and predictive algorithms such as the virtual disease landscape (VDL) and EGJ obstruction probability. The clinical and VDL probability metrics were then validated using FLIP data from 121 subjects constituting different categories of EGJ opening which were diagnosed by expert clinicians.

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A novel strategy of dysphagia-oriented matrices bovine tendon collagen-cassava starch composite gels.

Int J Biol Macromol

December 2024

College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China. Electronic address:

Dysphagia foods are designed for individuals with swallowing difficulties to consume safely. Texture-modified diets have become essential in dysphagia management. This study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of bovine tendon collagen (BTC) as a texture modifier to alter the starch gel network through a synergistic effect with cassava starch (CS), enhancing its application in dysphagia foods.

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[Pneumonia due to silent aspiration: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge].

Pneumologie

December 2024

EVK Hattingen, Praxis für Logopädie, Hattingen, Deutschland.

Aspiration pneumonia (AP) may present as gross aspiration of large gastric contents or as a consequence of silent aspiration of contaminated oropharyngeal secretions.AP due to silent aspiration is caused by dysphagia and, in some instances, impaired cough reflex. Factors favouring the development of pneumonia include advanced age as well as severe comorbidity and impaired functional status.

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Importance: The role of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated with chemoradiation remains controversial and varies by center.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of prophylactic PEG tube placement in patients undergoing chemoradiation for HNC PEG tube use for more than 6 months and weight loss.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This single-institution retrospective study included 502 patients with head and neck cancer.

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs when the barrier at the esophagogastric junction is weakened, allowing for transient relaxations of the lower esophageal sphincter or disruption of the esophagogastric junction. This leads to the refluxate traveling up the esophagus, and potentially into the pharynx, where it can be aspirated into the airway. The refluxate can cause a range of symptoms, including sore throat, coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which may occur with or without visible airway inflammation.

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Pseudoachalasia is a disorder in which symptoms, radiologic, endoscopic, and manometric results resemble idiopathic achalasia. Although these diagnoses may appear similar, their underlying causes and therapy differ significantly. Pseudoachalasia is frequently associated with malignancy, particularly primary adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or cardia.

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Background And Aim: Spectrum of esophageal motility disorders may differ according to age, but studies on this are scanty, contradictory, and included small number of patients. Accordingly, we retrospectively analyzed data of a large sample of patients to study the spectrum of esophageal motility disorders in relation to age, and to evaluate the clinical profile and high-resolution manometry parameters and achalasia subtypes according to Chicago IV criteria.

Methods: Of 909 patients evaluated by high-resolution water perfusion or solid-state manometry during a 3-year period, data on 801 were finally analyzed.

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Background: Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) perform nasal laryngoscopy (LE) to assess voice and dysphagia-related disorders. The procedural aspects may include the use of topical nasal anaesthesia.

Aims: To explore the practice patterns of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)-certified SLPs use of anaesthesia during laryngeal endoscopy procedures in the United States METHODS & PROCEDURES: Data were collected via a brief computerized survey.

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Purpose: To evaluate inter- and intrarater reliability, of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) for children and adults with cerebral palsy (CP) in Sweden.

Methods: Four speech and language pathologists rated EDACS from videos of 30 individuals with CP, 3 to 62 years, (mean 21 y, 10 m, SD 18 y, 6 m), six at each level of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Inter- and intrarater reliability were estimated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence interval.

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Clinicopathological collaboration in adult muscle disease: a pragmatic pathway to approach diagnostic dilemmas.

Pathology

November 2024

Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. Electronic address:

The role of muscle biopsy in the investigation of neuromuscular disease remains firmly established but has evolved. Expertise in diagnostic myopathology remains relevant and supports clinical practice. Neuromuscular disease is rare; thus clinicopathological correlation, or better, collaboration is important.

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Article Synopsis
  • Central cord syndrome (CCS) is a serious spinal cord injury causing major motor weakness, and timely surgery can help recovery; this study looks at a new surgical method called anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) for treating CCS caused by cervical stenosis.
  • A retrospective analysis of 13 patients treated with ACAF was conducted, tracking their neurological function before and after surgery using various imaging techniques and clinical scoring systems over an average follow-up period of 16 months.
  • The results showed that a significant percentage of patients demonstrated improvement, particularly in affected regions of the cervical spine, suggesting that ACAF might be effective for CCS patients.
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