Dynamic Facial Reanimation for Facial Palsy: The Oman experience.

Objectives: The goal of facial reanimation for facial palsy is to restore resting facial symmetry and dynamic facial motion that mirrors the opposite side as closely as possible. This study aimed to evaluate the restoration of oral commissure symmetry at rest and during excursion among patients with facial paralysis treated with free muscle transfer.

Methods: This study included 9 patients who underwent facial reanimation with free muscle transfer at Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Oman, from 2019 to 2022.

Updates in Free Muscle Transfers for Smile Reanimation.

Facial paralysis severely impacts a person's ability to interact with the world. Advances in microsurgery, especially free neurotized muscle transfers, have greatly improved reanimation outcomes. The gracilis free muscle transfer, introduced in 1971, is the most widely used procedure for long-standing flaccid paralysis.

Dynamic three-dimensional facial topography in pediatric facial palsy: Understanding asymmetrical facial contours.

Background: Objective assessment of facial movements remains pivotal for diagnosis, treatment, and long-term monitoring of patients with facial palsy (FP). This study aims to utilize curvature analysis in pediatric patients with and without FP to define facial contours and to quantify three-dimensional (3D) excursion during smile.

Methods: Pediatric patients with and without FP had 3D motion capture acquired from rest to maximum smile positions.

Static reanimation of the paralyzed face using non-absorbable polypropylene mesh.

<br><b>Introduction:</b> There are 2 methods for correcting facial deformities resulting from facial nerve paralysis - dynamic and static. Although dynamic methods are the standard approach in selected patient groups, static facial suspension using synthetic material provides a minimally invasive alternative for those who do not qualify for them.</br> <br><b>Aim:<b> Presenting experiences with the use of non-absorbable polypropylene mesh in the Department of Plastic Surgery in Polanica-Zdrój and reviewing the literature related to static facial reanimation methods.

Reanimation Techniques of Peripheral Facial Paralysis: A Comprehensive Review Focusing on Surgical and Bioengineering Approaches.

Peripheral facial paralysis represents a disabling condition with serious psychological and social impact. Patients with peripheral facial paralysis have a disfigurement of the face with loss of harmony and symmetry and difficulties in everyday facial functions such as speaking, drinking, laughing, and closing their eyes, with impairment of their quality of life. This paralysis leads to impairment of facial expression, which represents one of the first means of communication, an important aspect of human interaction.

Surgery for facial palsy in the hands of otorhinolaryngologists: a population-based study.

Purpose: Modern facial surgery can improve eye closure and address facial functional and emotional expression disabilities in case of severe acute facial paralysis with low probability of recovery and in cases of chronic flaccid facial paralysis. Reports on outcome typically originate from specialized tertiary care centers, whereas population-based data from routine care beyond specialized centers is sparse.

Methods: Therefore, patients' characteristics, surgical techniques, postoperative complications, and patients' satisfaction with the final outcome were analyzed for all inpatients with facial paralysis undergoing facial surgery in Thuringia, a federal state in Germany, between 2006 and 2022.

Three-dimensional evaluation of symmetry in facial palsy reanimation using stereophotogrammetric devices: A series of 15 cases.

Facial palsy can severely compromise quality of life, significantly altering the harmony and symmetry of the face, which can be restored by surgical rehabilitation. The aim of the study was the quantification of facial symmetry following facial reanimation. Fifteen consecutive adult patients were surgically treated through triple innervation for reanimation of flaccid unilateral facial paralysis (contralateral facial nerve, masseteric nerve, and hypoglossal nerve) and fascia lata graft for definition of the nasolabial sulcus.

Optimizing Facial Function in Patients With High-Risk Recurrent Pleomorphic Adenoma and a History of Facial Nerve Injury.

Background: Parotid pleomorphic adenoma (PA) patients present significant diagnostic and surgical challenges rendering them high risk for facial nerve injury. Recurrent PA patients often present with history of facial nerve injury or previous reanimations making salvage of the facial nerve or previous reanimations significantly more complex. The study aim is to share our experience with this high risk for facial nerve injury population and review the literature.

Does supercharging with cross-face nerve graft enhance smile in non-flaccid facial paralysis patients undergoing selective neurectomy?

Background: Cross face nerve grafting (CFNG) is a well-established nerve transfer technique in facial reanimation; however, no study has assessed outcome of supercharging the smile with CFNG in patients with synkinesis. The goal of this study was to examine the smile outcome in non-flaccid facial paralysis (NFFP) patients after supercharging with CFNG during selective neurectomy.

Methods: NFFP patients who underwent CFNG with end-to-side coaptation to a smile branch on the paralyzed side during selective neurectomy were retrospectively identified and their charts were reviewed.

Simultaneous Reconstruction of Smiling Eye Using V-Shaped Long Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Transfer in Patients with Flaccid Facial Paralysis.

Various neurovascular free muscle transfers for smile reconstruction in patients with facial paralysis have been reported. However, these methods focused on perioral smiling rather than eye smiling. Although the lower eyelid does not contribute significantly to eyelid closure, dynamic reanimation of the upward movement of the lower eyelid with bulging of the malar region during smiling is important in smile reconstruction.

Evidence-Based Practices in Facial Reanimation Surgery.

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the causes and preoperative evaluation of facial paralysis. 2.

Nerve guide conduits, nerve transfers, and local and free muscle transfer in facial nerve palsy.

Purpose Of Review: To highlight the recent literature on reinnervation options in the management of facial nerve paralysis using nerve conduits, and nerve and muscle transfers.

Recent Findings: Engineering of natural and synthetic nerve conduits has progressed and many of these products are now available on the market. The use of the masseter nerve has become more popular recently as a choice in nerve transfer procedures due to various unique advantages.

Triple nerve transfers for the management of early unilateral facial palsy.

Background: Early onset facial paralysis is usually managed with cross-face nerve grafts, however the low number of axons that reach the target muscle may result in weakness or failure. Multiple-source innervation, or 'supercharging', seeks to combine the advantages of different donor nerves while minimizing their weaknesses. We propose a combination of cross-face nerve grafts with local extra-facial nerve transfers to achieve earlier facial reanimation in our patients.

Masseteric Nerve Ultrasound Identification for Dynamic Facial Reanimation Purposes.

Background: The masseteric nerve is one of the main options to neurotize free muscle flaps in irreversible long-term facial paralysis. Several preoperative skin-marking techniques for the masseteric nerve have been proposed to limit the surgical dissection area, shorten the surgical time, and enable a safer dissection. However, these have shown variability among them, and cannot visualize the nerve preoperatively.