Point-of-care testing in private pharmacy and drug retail settings: a narrative review.

Background: Point-of-care testing (POCT) using rapid diagnostic tests for infectious disease can potentially guide appropriate use of antimicrobials, reduce antimicrobial resistance, and economise use of healthcare resources. POCT implementation in private retail settings such as pharmacies and drug shops could lessen the burden on public healthcare. We performed a narrative review on studies of POCTs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and explored uptake, impact on treatment, and feasibility of implementation.

Mfsd2a-mediated lysolipid transport is important for renal recovery after acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global public health concern with high mortality and morbidity. In ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI), a main cause of AKI, the brush border membrane of S3 proximal tubules (PT) is lost to the tubular lumen. How injured tubules reconstitute lost membrane lipids during renal recovery is not known.

Decreased DHA-containing phospholipids in the neocortex of dementia with Lewy bodies are associated with soluble Aβ , phosphorylated α-synuclein, and synaptopathology.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid implicated in cognitive functions by promoting synaptic protein expression. While alterations of specific DHA-containing phospholipids have been described in the neocortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the status of these lipids in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), known to manifest aggregated α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies together with variable amyloid pathology, is unclear. In this study, post-mortem samples from the parietal cortex of 25 DLB patients and 17 age-matched controls were processed for phospholipidomics analyses using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) platform.

Clinical predictors of wheeze trajectories and associations with allergy in Asian children.

Background: Childhood wheezing is a highly heterogeneous condition with an incomplete understanding of the characteristics of wheeze trajectories, particularly for persistent wheeze.

Objective: To characterize predictors and allergic comorbidities of distinct wheeze trajectories in a multiethnic Asian cohort.

Methods: A total of 974 mother-child pairs from the prospective Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort were included in this study.

Posterior corneoscleral limbus: Architecture, stem cells, and clinical implications.

The limbus is a transition from the cornea to conjunctiva and sclera. In human eyes, this thin strip has a rich variation of tissue structures and composition, typifying a change from scleral irregularity and opacity to corneal regularity and transparency; a variation from richly vascularized conjunctiva and sclera to avascular cornea; the neural passage and drainage of aqueous humor. The limbal stroma is enriched with circular fibres running parallel to the corneal circumference, giving its unique role in absorbing small pressure changes to maintain corneal curvature and refractivity.

Outcomes in breast cancer-does ethnicity matter?

Ethnic or racial differences in breast cancer (BC) survival outcomes have been reported, but current data are largely restricted to comparisons between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Most analyses have traditionally been based on self-reported race which may not always be accurate, or are oversimplified in their classification. With increasing globalization, quantification of the genetic ancestry from genomic data may offer a solution to infer the complex makeup from admixture of races.

Early Visibility of Cellular Aggregates and Changes in Central Corneal Thickness as Predictors of Successful Corneal Endothelial Cell Injection Therapy.

(1) Background: Cell injection therapy is an emerging treatment for bullous keratopathy (BK). Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) imaging allows the high-resolution assessment of the anterior chamber. Our study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the visibility of cellular aggregates for corneal deturgescence in an animal model of bullous keratopathy.

Big data in corneal diseases and cataract: Current applications and future directions.

The accelerated growth in electronic health records (EHR), Internet-of-Things, mHealth, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence (AI) in the recent years have significantly fuelled the interest and development in big data research. Big data refer to complex datasets that are characterized by the attributes of "5 Vs"-variety, volume, velocity, veracity, and value. Big data analytics research has so far benefitted many fields of medicine, including ophthalmology.

Chronic exposure to low-level lipopolysaccharide dampens influenza-mediated inflammatory response A20 and PPAR network.

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection leads to severe inflammation, and while epithelial-driven inflammatory responses occur activation of NF-κB, the factors that modulate inflammation, particularly the negative regulators are less well-defined. In this study we show that A20 is a crucial molecular switch that dampens IAV-induced inflammatory responses. Chronic exposure to low-dose LPS environment can restrict this excessive inflammation.

Corrigendum: Determination of CSF GFAP, CCN5, and vWF levels enhances the diagnostic accuracy of clinically defined MS from non-MS patients with CSF oligoclonal bands.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.

MET alterations in NSCLC-Current Perspectives and Future Challenges.

Targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment and improved the outcome for oncogene-driven NSCLC and an increasing number of oncogenic driver therapies have become available. For MET-dysregulated NSCLC (especially MET exon 14 skipping mutations and MET-amplifications, which is one of the most common bypass mechanisms of resistance in oncogene-addicted NSCLC), several anti-MET-targeted therapies have been approved recently (MET exon 14 skipping mutation) and multiple others are in development. In this narrative review, we summarize the role of MET as an oncogenic driver in NSCLC, discuss the different testing methods for exon 14 skipping mutations, gene amplification, and protein overexpression, and review the existing data and ongoing clinical trials regarding targeted therapies in MET-altered NSCLC.

Microrandomized Trials: Developing Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions for Better Public Health.

Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) represent an intervention design that adapts the provision and type of support over time to an individual's changing status and contexts, intending to deliver the right support on the right occasion. As a novel strategy for delivering mobile health interventions, JITAIs have the potential to improve access to quality care in underserved communities and, thus, alleviate health disparities, a significant public health concern. Valid experimental designs and analysis methods are required to inform the development of JITAIs.

Cardio-sarcopenia: A syndrome of concern in aging.

Cardiac alterations in structure and function, namely, the left ventricle, have been intensely studied for decades, in association with aging. In recent times, there has been keen interest in describing myocardial changes that accompany skeletal muscle changes in older adults. Initially described as a cardio-sarcopenia syndrome where alterations in myocardial structure were observed particularly among older adults with skeletal muscle sarcopenia, investigations into this syndrome have spurred a fresh level of interest in the cardiac-skeletal muscle axis.

Psychiatric healthcare resource utilization following initiation of aripiprazole once-monthly: a retrospective real-world study.

Objectives: This observational retrospective real-world study examined changes in healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) pre- and post-initiation of aripiprazole once-monthly (AOM 400) in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder.

Methods: Electronic health record-derived, de-identified data from the NeuroBlu Database (2013-2020) were used to identify patients ≥18 years with schizophrenia ( = 222) or bipolar I disorder ( = 129) who were prescribed AOM 400, and had visit data within 3, 6, 9, or 12 months pre- and post-initial AOM 400 prescription. Rates of inpatient hospitalization, emergency department visits, inpatient readmissions, and average length of stay were examined and compared over 3, 6, 9, and 12 months pre-/post-AOM 400 using a McNemar test.

Evaluation of tracer kinetic parameters in cervical cancer using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI as biomarkers in terms of biological relevance, diagnostic performance and inter-center variability.

Objectives: This study assessed the clinical value of parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI with respect to correlation with angiogenesis and proliferation of cervical cancer, performance of diagnosis and reproducibility of DCE-MRI parameters across MRI scanners.

Materials And Methods: A total of 113 patients with cervical carcinoma from two centers were included in this retrospective study. The DCE data were centralized and processed using five tracer kinetic models (TKMs) (Tofts, Ex-Tofts, ATH, SC, and DP), yielding the following parameters: volume transfer constant (Ktrans), extravascular extracellular volume (Ve), fractional volume of vascular space (Vp), blood flow (Fp), and permeability surface area product (PS).

Spns1 is a lysophospholipid transporter mediating lysosomal phospholipid salvage.

The lysosome is central to the degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids and their salvage back to the cytosol for reutilization. Lysosomal transporters for amino acids, sugars, and cholesterol have been identified, and the metabolic fates of these molecules in the cytoplasm have been elucidated. Remarkably, it is not known whether lysosomal salvage exists for glycerophospholipids, the major constituents of cellular membranes.

Scoping Review of Experiential Measures from Psychedelic Research and Clinical Trials.

Subjective responses to psychoactive drugs have served as intriguing windows into consciousness as well as useful predictors. Subjective reactions to psychedelic molecules are particularly interesting given how they covary with subsequent improvements associated with psychedelic-assisted treatments. Although links between subjective reactions and decreases in treatment-resistant clinical depression, end-of-life anxiety, and maladaptive consumption of alcohol and nicotine appear in the empirical literature, the measurement of these subjective responses has proven difficult.

Adaptive cellular response of the substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons upon age-dependent iron accumulation.

Progressive iron accumulation in the substantia nigra in the aged human brain is a major risk factor for Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Heavy metals, such as iron, produce reactive oxygen species and consequently oxidative stress in cells. It is unclear, however, how neurons in the substantia nigra are protected against the age-related, excessive accumulation of iron.

Selective endothelial removal: A case series of a phase I/II surgical trial with long-term follow up.

Peters anomaly is a congenital condition which results in a central corneal opacity from birth. Selective Endothelial Removal (SER) is a novel surgical technique and a form of regenerative therapy, which encourages clearance of the central corneal opacity by the patient's own corneal endothelial cells, and it may potentially be beneficial for the treatment of Peters anomaly. We have performed a phase I/II surgical trial, evaluating the safety of SER in four eyes (three patients) with Peters Anomaly.