Bridging the continuity: Practice-enhancing publications about the ambulatory care medication-use process in 2023.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Cost Analysis of Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation.

Purpose: To compare costs of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation versus non-IVUS-guided TIPS creation, accounting for differences in procedure time and resource utilization.

Materials And Methods: This single institution retrospective study estimated procedure time and resource utilization from 157 consecutive elective TIPS creation procedures, of which 91 were IVUS-guided and 66 were non-IVUS-guided. Differences in procedure costs were derived using time-driven activity-based costing.

Echocardiogram utilization in hospitalized adults with isolated traumatic brain injury: Propensity-matched analysis of the national inpatient sample 2016-2020.

Background: Early left ventricular systolic dysfunction is common after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Echocardiography (Echo) can evaluate cardiac function across various clinical scenarios; however, its utilization in isolated TBI remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we aim to examine Echo utilization in hospitalized adults with isolated TBI.

A good night's rest: A contemporary review of sleep and cardiovascular health.

Sleep is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent American Heart Association guidelines incorporate sleep duration into the "Life's Essential Eight" framework of ideal cardiovascular health. This article will review the evidence relating sleep duration, regularity, and quality with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, cardiometabolic syndrome, and coronary artery disease in adults.

Goals of Care Discussion Characteristics and Disparities in Children with Medical Complexity.

Objectives: Children with medical complexity (CMC) have disproportionately high healthcare utilization and mortality. Goals of care (GOC) discussions improve goal-concordance and subjective outcomes for CMC and their caregivers; however, little is known about the frequency or characteristics of GOC discussions in CMC. We sought to define GOC discussion frequency and attributes in CMC and identify patient characteristics that may influence GOC discussion occurrence.

Xanomeline-trospium (Cobenfy) for Schizophrenia: A Review of the Literature.

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental illness associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Antipsychotics primarily rely on direct dopamine blockade, leading to potential life-interfering adverse events. The purpose of this review is to describe the safety and efficacy of xanomeline-trospium (Cobenfy), a Food and Drug Administration approved treatment for schizophrenia in adults.

The Impact of Antibiotics on Latency When Given at the Time of Membrane Rupture Prior to Viability.

Background: It is well established that antibiotics administered in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes increases latency to delivery. While data is limited for membrane rupture prior to viability, antibiotics may also increase latency in this population.

Objective: To assesses the effect of prophylactic antibiotics on the duration of latency in individuals with previable prelabor rupture of membranes.

The potential of photon-counting CT for the improved precision of lung nodule radiomics.

Lung nodule appearance may provide prognostic information, as the presence of spiculation increases the suspicion of a nodule being cancerous. Spiculations can be quantified using morphological radiomics features extracted from CT images. Radiomics features can be affected by the acquisition parameters and scanner technologies; thus, it is essential to identify imaging conditions that provide reliable measurements, particularly for emerging technologies like photon-counting CT.

Photon-Counting CT Effects on Sensitivity for Liver Lesion Detection: A Reader Study Using Virtual Imaging.

Background Detection of hepatic metastases at CT is a daily task in radiology departments that influences medical and surgical treatment strategies for oncology patients. Purpose To compare simulated photon-counting CT (PCCT) with energy-integrating detector (EID) CT for the detection of small liver lesions. Materials and Methods In this reader study (July to December 2023), a virtual imaging framework was used with 50 anthropomorphic phantoms and 183 generated liver lesions (one to six lesions per phantom, 0.

Genomic Profiling of Biliary Tract Cancers: Comprehensive Assessment of Anatomic and Geographic Heterogeneity, Co-Alterations and Outcomes.

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) represent distinct biological and genomic entities. Anatomic and geographic heterogeneity in genomic profiling of BTC subtypes, genomic co-alterations, and their impact on long-term outcomes are not well defined.

Methods: Genomic data to characterize alterations among patients with BTCs were derived from the AACR GENIE registry (v15.

Role of Posterior Carbon Fiber Implants in Spine Tumor Surgery.

Study Design: Narrative Review.

Objective: The management of spinal tumors requires a multi-disciplinary approach including surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy. Surgical approaches typically require posterior segmental instrumentation to maintain long-term spinal stability.

Primary vs Staged Biventricular Repair for Neonatal IAA with VSD and LVOTO.

Background: This study sought to determine the safety of primary and staged biventricular repair in neonates with interrupted aortic arch (IAA), ventricular septal defect (VSD), and severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO).

Methods: Patients with a fundamental diagnosis of IAA and VSD between 2015 and 2020 were extracted from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Database by using a Participant User File. The objective was to compare outcomes for neonates undergoing primary and staged Yasui and Ross operations.

Intraoperative right ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume loop analysis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A proof-of-concept methodology.

Background: Perioperative right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery patients. This study aimed to demonstrate proof of concept in generating intraoperative RV pressure-volume (PV) loops and conducting an end-systolic PV relationship (ESPVR) analysis using data obtained from routinely used intraoperative monitors.

Methods: Adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the placement of a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) between May 2023 and March 2024 were included prospectively.

Telehealth equity and access communication skills pilot simulation for practicing clinicians.

Objectives: This pilot study evaluated a telehealth training simulation program for practicing clinicians, specifically focused on addressing patient issues of equity and access to healthcare via improving telehealth communication.

Methods: Participants participated in a one-hour simulation experience with two cases. Performance was assessed pre- and post-intervention using a checklist measuring communication domains related to equity and access in telehealth.

Next-generation sequencing demonstrates racial and sex differences in genomic profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma patients: an AACR GENIE project analysis.

Background: Genomic variations related to racial and sex differences among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been investigated. We sought to characterize the mutational landscape of patients with HCC relative to race and sex.

Methods: The American Association for Cancer Research GENIE project (v16.

The association of reduced ejection fraction with the outcomes of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Objective: It is estimated that 20% of patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair suffer from cardiomyopathy. This study examines the impact of reduced ejection fraction (EF) on the outcomes of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and compares the different types of cardiomyopathies causing reduction of EF. Our hypothesis is that reduction in EF is associated with higher mortality after EVAR.

Complications Following Surgical Treatment of Haglund's Syndrome With and Without Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Transfer.

Background: In the surgical treatment of Haglund syndrome, combining a flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon transfer with Achilles tendon may improve plantarflexion strength and reduce strain on the repaired Achilles tendon. However, there is limited research comparing complication rates between surgical approaches with or without concurrent FHL tendon transfer.

Methods: This was retrospective study of patients who underwent surgical management for Haglund syndrome between January 2015 and December 2023.

Systematic Review of the Comparative Studies of Image-guided Thermal Ablation, Stereotactic Radiosurgery, and Sublobar Resection for Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

The Clinical Practice Standards Committee of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery assembled an expert panel and conducted a systematic review of the literature detailing studies directly comparing treatment options for high-risk patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A systematic search was performed to identify publications comparing outcomes following image-guided thermal ablation (IGTA), stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), and sublobar resection-the main treatment options applicable to high-risk patients with stage I NSCLC. There were no publications detailing completed randomized controlled trials comparing these treatment options.

Systematic Review of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR)/ Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) has emerged as an alternative, non-surgical treatment for high-risk patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with increased use over time. The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) assembled an expert panel and conducted a systematic review of the literature evaluating the results of SABR, which is also referred to as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), prior to developing treatment recommendations for high-risk patients with stage I NSCLC based on expert consensus. Publications detailing the findings of 16 prospective studies of SABR and 14 retrospective studies of SABR for the management of early-stage lung cancer in 54 697 patients were identified by systematic review of the literature with further review by members of our expert panel.

Systematic Review of Sublobar Resection for Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Sublobar resection offers a parenchymal-sparing surgical alternative to lobectomy and includes wedge resection and segmentectomy. Sublobar resection has been historically utilized in high-risk patients with compromised lung function; however, the technique is becoming more prevalent for normal-risk patients with peripheral lung tumors < 2 cm. In this article, we summarize the technique of sublobar resection, the importance of surgical margins and lymph node sampling, patient selection, perioperative complications, outcomes, and the impact of sublobar resection on the quality of life.

Evaluation of the Performance of Portable Hemoglobinometers at Measuring Hemoglobin and Detecting Anemia in a Periurban Pediatric Population in Lima, Peru.

As many as one in three people worldwide have anemia, with young children at increased risk of both disease and complications. In settings without clinical laboratories, portable hemoglobinometers serve important roles in diagnosing anemia and estimating prevalence. Here, we assess the validity of two such point-of-care devices-the HemoCue Hb201 and the HemoCue Hb301-relative to the international reference standard, the cyanmethemoglobin method.