Oncolytic adenovirus MEM-288 encoding membrane-stable CD40L and IFNβ induces an anti-tumor immune response in high grade serous ovarian cancer.

Single agent immune checkpoint inhibitors have been ineffective for patients with advanced stage and recurrent high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Using pre-clinical models of HGSOC, we evaluated the anti-tumor and immune stimulatory effects of an oncolytic adenovirus, MEM-288. This conditionally replicative virus encodes a modified membrane stable CD40L and IFNβ.

Faculty and Resident Perspectives on the Implementation of Entrustable Professional Activities in General Surgery Residency.

Objective: This study aimed to identify what best practices facilitate implementation of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) into surgical training programs.

Design: This is a mixed methods study utilizing both survey data as well as semi-structured interviews of faculty and residents involved in the American Board of Surgery (ABS) EPA pilot study.

Setting: From 2018 to 2020, the ABS conducted a pilot that introduced five EPAs across 28 general surgery training programs.

Where Are the Children? A Thematic Analysis of State, Territory, and Tribal Organization Comprehensive Cancer Control Plans.

Background: The Center for Disease Control's Comprehensive Cancer Control Program (CCCP) funds initiatives in fifty states, the District of Columbia, seven U.S. territories, and seven tribal organizations to prevent and control cancer.

Factors Associated with Discharge to Skilled Nursing Facility Following Gunshot Wounds.

Introduction: Firearm injury is a public health crisis. Most victims are minorities in underserved neighborhoods. Measuring firearm injury by mortality underestimates its impact, as most victims survive to discharge.

Risk of Surgical Intervention in Children with Diagnoses of Cancer and Preoperative Malnutrition: A National Analysis.

Background: Perioperative nutrition is a critical component of appropriate healing and recovery after surgery. We sought to identify perioperative risk in children with cancer and low preoperative hypoalbuminemia undergoing surgical intervention.

Methods: We queried the 2015-2019 NSQIP-Peds datasets for children with a primary diagnosis of renal or hepatic malignancy undergoing surgical resection.

Mouse-INtraDuctal (MIND): an in vivo model for studying the underlying mechanisms of DCIS malignancy.

Due to widespread adoption of screening mammography, there has been a significant increase in new diagnoses of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). However, DCIS prognosis remains unclear. To address this gap, we developed an in vivo model, Mouse-INtraDuctal (MIND), in which patient-derived DCIS epithelial cells are injected intraductally and allowed to progress naturally in mice.

Subclass and avidity of circumsporozoite protein specific antibodies associate with protection status against malaria infection.

RTS,S/AS01 is an advanced pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine candidate with demonstrated vaccine efficacy up to 86.7% in controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies; however, reproducible immune correlates of protection (CoP) are elusive. To identify candidates of humoral correlates of vaccine mediated protection, we measured antibody magnitude, subclass, and avidity for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) circumsporozoite protein (CSP) by multiplex assays in two CHMI studies with varying RTS,S/AS01B vaccine dose and timing regimens.

Black mold takes hold and story told.

We present a case of an invasive infection in a patient who developed following bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation despite receiving post-transplant antifungal prophylaxis. This infection presented as mold colonies studding the interior surface of his chest tubes. Despite surgical washout of his bilateral pleural cavities and antifungal treatment with liposomal amphotericin B, micafungin, and isavuconazonium sulfate, the patient died.

Surgeons, plague, and leadership: A historical mantle to carry forward.

• Surgeons have a long tradition of leading research into pandemics. • Examples include Guy de Chauliac, James Lind, John Snow, John Hunter, Walter Reed. • We should leverage this history to lead efforts fighting COVID-19.

Carotid stenting and endarterectomy and contralateral carotid occlusion.

Background: The presence of contralateral carotid occlusion (CCO) has been controversial throughout the history of carotid intervention. Some studies cite a higher stroke risk in the setting of CCO, whereas other studies document no difference in stroke risk. We investigated the risk of stroke after intervention in the setting of CCO in a large, national, validated dataset.

Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) for childhood glaucoma: a large single-center cohort experience.

Purpose: To assess the factors associated with successful outcomes in the management of childhood glaucoma treated with endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) as both primary and adjunctive surgery.

Methods: The medical records of consecutive children with glaucoma treated by a single surgeon at a single center over a 17-year period using ECP procedures were reviewed retrospectively. Treatment failure was defined as (1) intraocular pressure (IOP) >24 mm Hg at two consecutive examinations despite maximal medical treatment, (2) any additional glaucoma surgery, (3) sight-threatening complications, or (4) progression to no light perception visual acuity.

Complications in patients with intramedullary nails: a case series from a single Cambodian surgical clinic.

Purpose: Since its development in 1999, the SIGN nail has been used in over 190,000 surgeries spanning 55 countries. To date, however, evaluation of SIGN nail outcomes has been limited to small prospective studies or large retrospective studies using SIGN's online database. This study uses the experience of a single, independent Cambodian surgical clinic to characterize common complications, provide commentary on ways to reduce the risk of those complications, and determine whether several observed nail fractures were due to metallurgic defects.

The Education of American Surgeons and the Rise of Surgical Residencies, 1930-1960.

In the first half of the twentieth century, the training of American surgeons changed from an idiosyncratic, often isolated venture to a standardized, regulated, and mandated regimen in the form of the surgical residency. Over the three critical decades between 1930 and 1960, these residencies developed from an extraordinary, unique opportunity for a few leading practitioners to a widespread, uniform requirement. This article explores the transformation of surgical education in the United States, focusing on the standardization and dissemination of residencies during this key period.

Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas in Children and Adults: A National Study of 369 Patients.

Background: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a rare tumor in children, with current evidence limited to single-center studies. We examined treatment and clinical outcomes for pediatric and adult SPN with a national data set.

Methods: The 2004 to 2013 National Cancer Data Base was queried to identify all patients diagnosed with SPN.

Multiple Recurrent Fibromatosis With Cranial Fasciitis Characteristics in a Pediatric Patient.

Cranial fasciitis is a rare, rapidly growing, but benign fibroblastic tumor of the skull that generally presents in childhood. Local resection or curettage of the affected bone is generally curative and the tumor is thought not to recur. Cranial fasciitis is distinguished by positive cytoplasmic and nuclear beta-catenin staining.

Predictors of nodal metastasis in pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer.

Background/purpose: There are limited data identifying risk factors for nodal metastasis in children with differentiated thyroid cancer.

Methods: The 1998-2011 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database was queried for patients ≤18years of age diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer who underwent nodal examination. Patients were grouped by absence or presence of nodal metastasis.