Approach to anaemia in gastrointestinal disease: A position paper by the ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee.

Anaemia is a frequent consequence of many gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in children and it can even be the initial presenting symptom of underlying chronic GI disease. The definition of anaemia is age and gender-dependent and it can be classified based on pathophysiology, red cell morphology, and clinical presentation. Although nutritional deficiencies, including GI malabsorption of nutrients and GI bleeding, play a major role, other pathophysiologic mechanisms seen in chronic GI diseases, whether inflammatory (e.

Integrating portfolio and mentorship in competency-based medical education: a Middle East experience.

Within the context of competency-based medical education, portfolios and mentorship emerge as complementary interventions, each offering distinct perspectives and benefits. Together, these elements synergistically contribute to a holistic and effective approach to medical education, encompassing both the academic and personal development imperatives of students. However, this integration comes with several implementation challenges that must be anticipated and promptly addressed.

Histopathological effects of hypervitaminosis-D and the protective role of fetuin-A in renal, hepatic, and cardiac tissues in a murine model.

Hypervitaminosis D leads to toxic effects, including hypercalcemia, which can cause severe damage to various organs. Fetuin-A, a glycoprotein with anti-inflammatory properties, may protect tissues from such damage. This study explores the role of Fetuin-A in mitigating hypervitaminosis D-induced damage in renal, hepatic, and cardiac tissues.

The role of aspirin in preventing gastrointestinal cancers.

Cancer remains an increasing global health issue and is projected to cause 50% of all global deaths by 2050. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers currently account for approximately 25-30% of all cancer deaths. Consequently, there has been an emerging focus to optimize preventative measures for these cancers through varied avenues such as dietary change, public policy, screening/surveillance via endoscopy and most recently, chemoprevention.

Histopathologic patterns in isthmocele pregnancies.

Isthmoceles are defects related to Caesarean section (CS) scars, known to cause secondary infertility and interfere with in-vitro fertilization in women who have had Caesarean deliveries. The etiologies are multifactorial. Isthmoceles, similar to dehiscent CS scars, can be potential sites for ectopic pregnancies and abnormal placentation.

Quinoline: A Novel Solution for Next-Generation Pesticides, Herbicides, and Fertilizers.

Quinoline is a nitrogen-containing heterocycle compound widely used in the medical industry for its pharmacological properties, such as its antimalarial, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Beyond its medical significance, quinoline shows promising applications in agriculture as a safe and effective pesticide, herbicide, and fertilizer. This review explores the evolution of quinoline research, beginning with its history and synthesis and transitioning to its biological activities and their relevance in agriculture.

Diabe-teach: a randomized controlled trial of a gamified approach to enhance medical undergraduates' knowledge and comprehension of diabetes mellitus.

The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide necessitates that medical undergraduates acquire a deep understanding of the disease to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective management. Traditional teaching methods, while foundational, often lack the interactive elements that enhance student engagement and knowledge retention. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel educational board game, "Diabe-teach," in enhancing knowledge retention among medical students compared with conventional self-study methods.

The Role of Robotics in Cardiac Surgery: Innovations, Outcomes, and Future Prospects.

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the use of robotic technology in medical surgery, especially in heart surgery. Many advancements in surgery have been made possible by the development of these robotic devices, such as the da Vinci surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, California, United States). These advancements include improved ergonomics, three-dimensional (3D) imaging, and increased dexterity.

Prevalence, Treatment, and Unmet Needs of Migraine in the Middle East: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by recurrent throbbing, moderate-to-severe headaches that disrupt daily chores, leisure, and social activities of patients, impacting their overall quality of life (QoL). Despite the high disease burden, there is a scarcity of data on migraines within the Middle East (ME) region. Thus, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to examine epidemiological data, treatment patterns, QoL, and unmet needs regarding migraines in the ME region.

Connecting the Dots: Exploring the Association Between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Thyroid Disorders.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease marked by chronic inflammation and tissue damage that impacts multiple organ systems and diminishes the quality of life. Among the frequent comorbidities in SLE, thyroid dysfunction, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, stands out due to its high prevalence and common autoimmune basis. This review examines the epidemiological, genetic, and immunological factors that link SLE with autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease.

Comparative Efficacy and Long-Term Outcomes of Beta-Blockers Alone or in Combination With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors in Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review provides a comprehensive comparison of beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the management of chronic heart failure (CHF), with a focus on their long-term efficacy and safety profiles. By synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical studies, the review highlights the significant benefits of both drug classes in reducing mortality and hospital readmissions, and improving patient outcomes. Beta-blockers, such as bisoprolol and carvedilol, demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing sudden cardiac death, particularly in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Pontine Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome in a Pregnant Woman With Sepsis and Wernicke's Encephalopathy.

A pregnant woman was brought to the emergency department looking starved and neglected. She was diagnosed with sepsis and started on intravenous antibiotics. She was also disoriented and hypernatremic.

Relationship Between Screen Usage and Speech Delay in Children Aged One to Four Years in Dubai and the Northern Emirates.

Background  Speech delay is the most common developmental issue among preschool children and is diagnosed when speech development is significantly lower than expected for children of the same age. As digital natives, we recognize that electronic devices can generate both beneficial and harmful outcomes for developing children in this digital age. Globally, pediatric exposure to digital screens continues to increase and is associated with undesirable effects on childhood development, particularly language skills.

Adequacy of Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment and Prophylaxis After Gastrointestinal Surgery in a Sudanese Teaching Hospital: A Prospective Audit.

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein. VTE includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Regular monitoring and risk assessment are crucial for effectively using VTE prevention measures.

The Connection Between Magnesium and Heart Health: Understanding Its Impact on Cardiovascular Wellness.

Magnesium is a crucial mineral that supports various enzymatic processes in the body. It plays a vital role in maintaining vascular, metabolic, and electrical homeostasis, making it an important factor for cardiovascular health. Magnesium is also involved in oxidative and inflammatory responses.

Exploring the role of irisin as a potential biomarker in adolescents and young adults with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Background: Irisin is a myokine potentially linked to insulin sensitivity. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal condition defined by insulin resistance. Previous studies have reported elevated circulating irisin levels in adult females with PCOS.

Complex Pharmacodynamics of Aripiprazole and Haloperidol in Schizophrenia Management: A Case Report.

Schizophrenia is a complex psychotic disorder characterized by positive symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, and negative symptoms, including emotional withdrawal and apathy. Its profound impact on an individual's functioning requires meticulous and sustained management, typically through the use of antipsychotic medications. While these treatments aim to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life, long-term therapy often necessitates careful balancing to mitigate potential side effects.

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes: an updated meta-analysis of RCTs.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: After searching different databases, we retrieved and included randomized controlled trials on long-term supplementation of vitamin D (≥1-year intervention) and reporting cardiovascular outcomes. We calculated risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dichotomous outcomes.

Deciphering the Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor) gene family in Brassica napus L.: Genome-wide insights into duplication, expression, and rapeseed yield enhancement.

The Arf gene family is essential for crop growth and development by regulating vesicle transport. However, few studies exist on the role of Arfs in the growth and yield formation of Brassica napus. Here we provide an exhaustive account of the phylogeny and expression of the 66 Arfs in rapeseed.

Bridging the Gap: Tackling Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hypertension Management.

Hypertension is a prevalent health concern with significant implications for cardiovascular disease risk, affecting diverse populations worldwide and imposing substantial health system burdens. This review article explores racial and ethnic disparities in hypertension prevalence, treatment, and management, highlighting the disproportionate impact on minority populations. Certain racial and ethnic groups in the United States exhibit higher prevalence rates of hypertension and related complications due to a confluence of genetic, social, and economic factors.