Black-White Differences in The Effects of Parental Education on College Students' Beliefs about Racial Discrimination.

Background: Racial discrimination remains a significant issue in the United States, particularly affecting Black individuals. Understanding how beliefs about the persistence of racial discrimination are shaped by race and parental education among college students is crucial for developing strategies to address these inequities.

Objectives: This study aims to examine the multiplicative effects of race and parental education on beliefs about the persistence of racial discrimination among Black and White college students.

Paradoxical Effects of Income and Income Inequality on Racial Health Disparities.

The intersection of race and place in shaping health disparities presents complex dynamics, as evidenced by studies in cities like Detroit, Baltimore, and Philadelphia, where predominantly Black and economically disadvantaged populations experience high overall rates of health problems. Surprisingly, these cities do not exhibit the most pronounced racial disparities. In contrast, areas with a higher percentage of White residents, indicative of greater income inequality, show stark differences in health outcomes between Black and White populations.

Unequal Effect of Educational Attainment on Reducing Poverty and Welfare; Diminished Returns of American Indian/Alaska Native Populations.

Background: American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) communities face pronounced economic and health disparities compared to White Americans, a situation rooted in long-standing historical injustices and segregation. The theory of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDR) provides insight beyond the traditional focus on socioeconomic status (SES) disparities, such as educational attainment. It suggests that the beneficial outcomes of educational achievements on health and economic status are less substantial for marginalized and racially non-White groups compared to White Americans.

Household Income and Offspring Education Explain Blacks' Diminished Returns of Parental Education.

Background: High parental education promotes various aspects of offspring well-being including reducing their risk of depression/anxiety, criminal justice involvement, and welfare reliance. However, according to minorities' diminished returns, these benefits are not equal across racial groups, with Black families experiencing diminished returns of parental education compared to White families. This study explores the role of household income and offspring educational attainment as potential serial pathways that operate as mechanisms underlying diminished returns of parental education on offspring outcomes in Black families.

Antibacterial and mechanism of action studies of boxazomycin A.

Boxazomycins A-C are potent broad-spectrum antibiotics isolated from Actinomycetes strain G495-1 in 1987. We now report that boxazomycin A inhibits bacterial growth by selectively inhibiting protein synthesis, its effect is bacteriostatic, and it is equally active against drug resistant bacterial strains. No cross-resistance to protein synthesis inhibitors was observed suggesting that its inhibition is distinct from clinical protein synthesis inhibitors.

Poverty Status at Birth Predicts Epigenetic Changes at Age 15.

Unlabelled: Epigenetic studies have provided new opportunities to better understand the biological effects of poverty and racial/ethnic minority status. However, little is known about sex differences in these processes.

Methods: We used 15 years of follow up of 854 racially and ethnically diverse birth cohort who were followed from birth to age 15.

Racial Disparities in Nocturia Persist Regardless of BMI Among American Women.

Importance: It is crucial to understand the racial and ethnic disparities that exist in nocturia prevalence to appropriately manage nocturia.

Objectives: Nocturia is associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and is most prevalent in Black and Hispanic women, who also have the highest and second highest prevalence of obesity, respectively. We sought to better understand the association of nocturia with BMI category by race and ethnicity in U.

Designing an implementation science clinical trial to integrate hypertension and cardiovascular diseases care into existing HIV services package in Botswana (InterCARE).

Background: Despite success in HIV treatment, diagnosis and management of hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains suboptimal among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Botswana, with an overall HTN control of only 19% compared to 98% HIV viral suppressed. These gaps persist despite CVD primary care national guidelines and availability of free healthcare including antihypertensive medications. Our study aims to develop and test strategies to close the HTN care gap in PLWH, through integration into HIV care, leveraging the successful national HIV care and treatment program and strategies.

Faith and Health in Israel, Türkiye and the USA.

This issue of JORH focuses upon faith and health within three nations that have contributed a great deal in terms of religion and health research during this century-namely Israel, Türkiye and the USA.

Race, Poverty Status at Birth, and DNA Methylation of Youth at Age 15.

Epigenetic studies, which can reflect biological aging, have shown that measuring DNA methylation (DNAm) levels provides new insights into the biological effects of social environment and socioeconomic position (SEP). This study explores how race, family structure, and SEP (income to poverty ratio) at birth influence youth epigenetic aging at age 15. Data were obtained from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) cohort, with GrimAge used as a measure of DNAm levels and epigenetic aging.

STOPTHEBURN: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Death Cafés for Burnout Prevention in Intensive Care Unit Employees.

Effective interventions to prevent burnout among intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians are urgently needed. Death cafés, group discussions about death, build a sense of community and create a space for reflection on distressing events. To assess whether participation in regular death cafés can prevent burnout in ICU clinicians (physicians, nurses, pharmacists, therapists).

Quantitative outcomes of a type 2 single arm hybrid effectiveness implementation pilot study for hypertension-HIV integration in Botswana.

Background: Successful HIV treatment programs have turned HIV into a chronic condition, but noncommunicable diseases such as hypertension jeopardize this progress. Hypertension control rates among people with HIV (PWH) are low owing to gaps in patient awareness, diagnosis, effective treatment, and management of both conditions at separate clinic visits. Integrated management, such as in our study, InterCARE, can enhance HIV-hypertension integration and blood pressure (BP) control.

2023 Inaugural Healthcare Delivery Science: Innovation and Partnerships for Health Equity Research (DESCIPHER) Symposium.

Introduction: This article provides an overview of presentations and discussions from the inaugural Healthcare Delivery Science: Innovation and Partnerships for Health Equity Research (DESCIPHER) Symposium.

Methods: The symposium brought together esteemed experts from various disciplines to explore models for translating evidence-based interventions into practice.

Results: The symposium highlighted the importance of disruptive innovation in healthcare, the need for multi-stakeholder engagement, and the significance of family and community involvement in healthcare interventions.

Is gravidity associated with COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women in Jamaica?

Introduction: In 2021, Jamaica's maternal mortality ratio doubled as a result of COVID-19-related deaths. Yet, COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant Jamaican women remained low. In the United States, COVID-19 vaccination is lower among pregnant women who have had multiple pregnancies (multigravidas) versus women who were pregnant for the first time (primigravidas).

Enhanced Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Implementation for Ugandan Fisherfolk: Pilot Intervention Outcomes.

Mobile populations such as fisherfolk show high HIV incidence and prevalence. We pilot-tested implementation strategies to enhance pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and adherence in the context of healthcare outreach events in two mainland fisherfolk communities on Lake Victoria, Uganda from September 2021 to February 2022. The implementation strategies included PrEP adherence supporters (selected from PrEP users' social networks), community workshops (to address misconceptions and stigma, and empower PrEP advocacy), and check-in calls (including refill reminders).

Incarceration's lingering health effects on Black men: impacts persist into retirement.

Background: The unique challenges Black men face within the criminal justice system underscore structural and systemic factors driving widespread inequalities. The long-term effects of these challenges on economic, health, and social outcomes as individuals transition to retirement remain poorly understood, highlighting a critical gap in our knowledge of life trajectories long after justice system involvement.

Objectives: This study investigated the enduring health impacts of incarceration on Black men, particularly focusing on the transition into retirement.

Beneficial Effect of Remote Glucose Monitoring and Computerized Insulin Dose Adjustment Algorithms Independent of Insulin Dose Increases in Sizeable Minorities of Patients.

This article describes a program through which interactions every 2-3 weeks between patients and primary care clinicians (PCCs), with recommendations based on analysis of remote glucose monitoring by computerized insulin dose adjustment algorithms, significantly improved diabetes control. Insulin doses increased by 30% in the majority of patients. A sizeable minority (36%) had a decrease or no increase in insulin doses, but still showed an improvement in diabetes control.

Racial (In)Equity in South Los Angeles-Community Centered Experiences with COVID-19 Syndemics.

Objectives: To analyze community experiences involving COVID-19 vaccination access and equity in Black and Latina/o/x communities within South Los Angeles, using a socioecological framework.

Methods: We conducted four virtual focus groups ( = 33 total participants) in 2021, with Black and Latina/o/x community members, community leaders, and community-based providers in South Los Angeles, a region highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We used a grounded theory approach to guide the analysis and generate data shaped by participant perspectives.

Sleep Disturbance Mediates the Associations Between HIV Stigma and Mental and Physical Health Among Black Adults with HIV.

Objectives: Black Americans have been disproportionally affected by the HIV epidemic, and experience significant disparities in sleep health, mental health, and physical health domains. Using longitudinal data from a sample of Black adults with HIV, the current study examined the associations between stigma and mental and physical health outcomes and how sleep disturbance may play a mediating role.

Methods: Data were drawn from a recent randomized controlled trial.

Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway Activation and Cognition in Virally Suppressed Women With HIV.

Background: Immune and cognitive dysfunction persists even in virally suppressed women with HIV (VS-WWH). Since inflammation and HIV proteins induce the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), converting tryptophan (T) to kynurenine (K) while producing downstream neurotoxic metabolites, we investigated IDO activation (KT ratio) in relation to cognition in VS-WWH and demographically similar women without HIV (WWoH).

Methods: Ninety-nine VS-WWH on stable antiretroviral therapy and 102 WWoH (median age 52 vs 54 years; 73% vs 74% Black, respectively) from the New York and Chicago sites of the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) completed a neuropsychological test battery assessing motor function, processing speed, attention/working memory, verbal fluency, verbal learning and memory, and executive function and had plasma measured for tryptophan-kynurenine metabolites through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and monocyte-derived [soluble cluster of differentiation-14 (sCD14), soluble cluster of differentiation-163 (sCD163), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)] plus general inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor alpha-2 receptor (TNF-R2), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, high-sensitivity interleukin-6] through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays between 2017 and 2020.