Differential protective effects of Family Income-to-Poverty-Ratio on electronic cigarette, depression, and obesity of Black and White Americans.

Background: The Family Income-to-Poverty-Ratio (FIPR) is a recognized indicator of socioeconomic status, and influences a wide range of health and behavioral outcomes. Yet, marginalized and racialized groups, particularly Black individuals, may not reap comparable health benefits from their socioeconomic advancements as their non-Hispanic, White counterparts. This discrepancy is indicative of a phenomenon known as the minorities' diminished returns.

Accuracy of Survey-Based Assessment of Eligibility for Medication Abortion Compared to Clinician Assessment.

Background: With increasingly restricted access to facility-based abortion in the United States, pregnant people are increasingly relying on models of care that utilize history-based or no-test approaches to eligibility assessment. Minimal research has examined the accuracy of abortion patients' self-assessment of eligibility for medication abortion using their health history, a necessary step towards ensuring optimal access to history-based or no-test models, as well as potential over-the-counter access.

Objective: To examine the accuracy of pregnant people's eligibility for medication abortion determined using their self-reported health history as compared to clinician assessment with ultrasound and other tests.

Wip1 phosphatase activator QGC-8-52 specifically sensitizes p53-negative cancer cells to chemotherapy while protecting normal cells.

PP2C serine-threonine phosphatase Wip1 plays an important role in normal tissue homeostasis, stress signaling and pathogenesis of various human diseases. It is an attractive drug target for cancer treatment and inhibition of its expression or activity constitute a novel therapeutic intervention strategy to prevent the development of various cancers. However, previous strategies for Wip1 suppression may be ineffective in cancers lacking p53.

Vascular access: Femoral, radial and large-bore alternative access.

Vascular access for coronary, peripheral, and structural interventions has changed significantly over the past two decades. The evolving demand for both large-bore access for valvular interventions and mechanical support devices, and for safer access for coronary interventions, in patients with comorbidities have driven progress in these areas. This review will provide an overview of the techniques of arterial access in the femoral, forearm (radial and ulnar), and alternative (transcarotid, transaxillary, and transcaval) locations based on the latest evidence and experience.

Financial Strain Partially Explains Diminished Returns of Parental Education in the ABCD Study.

Background: Previous research shows that socioeconomic status (SES) positively impacts children's development, yet the benefits are not equally distributed across racial groups. According to the Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) framework, Black children tend to experience smaller gains from parental education compared to White children.

Objective: Building on the MDRs framework, this study examines whether high financial strain contributes to the diminished returns of parental education for Black children, using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.

Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Numeracy Score of Latino Populations: Insights from UAS Data.

Background: Educational attainment is a well-established social determinant of various domains of cognitive function across the lifespan. However, the theory of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) suggests that the health benefits of educational attainment tend to be weaker for ethnic minorities compared to non-Latino Whites. This phenomenon may reflect the impact of structural inequalities, social stratification, and historical disadvantage.

The Effective Use by Primary Care Clinicians of a Comprehensive Computerized Insulin Dose Adjustment Algorithm.

Primary care clinicians (PCCs) manage 90% of patients with diabetes, 30% of whom require insulin with a substantial number poorly controlled because of the challenges that PCCs face (time constraints and lack of experience). The author has developed Federal Drug Administration cleared and Conformite Europeenne mark registered comprehensive computerized insulin dose adjustment algorithms (CIDAAs) to enable PCCs to significantly lower HbA1c levels in insulin-requiring patients. Reports sent to PCCs contain scatter plots of glucose readings, their organization into pre- and postprandial and before bedtime values, their analyses, and recommendations for insulin dose adjustments (if indicated) that the PCC can accept or modify.

Consumer views of functional electrical stimulation and robotic exoskeleton in SCI rehabilitation: A mini review.

Background: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) and robotic exoskeletons represent emerging technologies with significant potential for restoring critical physical functions such as standing and walking-functions that are most susceptible after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the further development and successful integration of these technologies into clinical practice and daily life require a deep understanding of consumer perspectives.

Objective: This review synthesizes consumer perspectives from a diverse range of technology stakeholders, including medical service providers, researchers, and persons affected by SCI-those living with SCI and their caregivers.

Black women in HIV research: Intersectionality, positionality and our commitment to build a just research enterprise.

Black women in the United States are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and are less likely to be represented among HIV clinical research participants relative to their cumulative HIV burden. Likewise, Black women are underrepresented in large federally funded HIV research portfolios. Extensive research has demonstrated that Black applicants and women applicants are less likely to receive R01 level funding from the National Institutes of Health, among all applicants.

Overcoming Challenges in Small-Molecule Drug Bioavailability: A Review of Key Factors and Approaches.

The bioavailability of small-molecule drugs remains a critical challenge in pharmaceutical development, significantly impacting therapeutic efficacy and commercial viability. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding and overcoming bioavailability limitations, focusing on key physicochemical and biological factors influencing drug absorption and distribution. We examine cutting-edge strategies for enhancing bioavailability, including innovative formulation approaches, rational structural modifications, and the application of artificial intelligence in drug design.

Agent-Based Model of Combined Community- and Jail-Based Take-Home Naloxone Distribution.

Importance: Opioid-related overdose accounts for almost 80 000 deaths annually across the US. People who use drugs leaving jails are at particularly high risk for opioid-related overdose and may benefit from take-home naloxone (THN) distribution.

Objective: To estimate the population impact of THN distribution at jail release to reverse opioid-related overdose among people with opioid use disorders.

Social Epidemiology of Dual Use of Electronic and Combustible Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults: Insights from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Background: The dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes poses significant public health concerns due to the compounded risks associated with the use of both products. Understanding the predictors of dual use can inform targeted interventions and tobacco control strategies aimed at reducing nicotine dependence and health risks among adults.

Objective: This study aims to identify the sociodemographic predictors of dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes among U.

Unequal Returns: Education Fails to Fully Prepare Black and Latino Americans for Retirement.

Background: Retirement is a universal life stage, marking the culmination of an individual's working years. However, many people face financial challenges during retirement due to insufficient financial planning. Retirement preparedness is essential for ensuring economic security and maintaining a high quality of life in later years.

Diminished Returns of Educational Attainment on Body Mass Index Among Latino Populations: Insights from UAS Data.

Background: Educational attainment is a well-established predictor of physical health outcomes, including body mass index (BMI). However, according to the theory of Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs), the health benefits of education tend to be weaker for ethnic minorities compared to non-Latino Whites, due to structural inequalities and social disadvantages.

Objective: This study examines whether the association between educational attainment and BMI is weaker among Latino individuals compared to non-Latino individuals, in line with the MDRs framework.

Formative Evaluation of Post-Opera Live Discussion of the Center Cannot Hold Part 2 and Resilience Workshop.

There are few studies of impacts of arts on recovery in schizophrenia, on audience and cast responses. We developed a formative qualitative evaluation of audience and cast discussions after viewing live performances in a university setting of an opera based on Elyn Saks' journey from psychosis, teaching law and falling in love, coupled with pre-opera workshop on community approaches to resilience. Live discussions were conducted with audience, cast members, and workshop presenters after performance of the opera, with recording and transcription, and reflexive thematic qualitative analysis sequentially conducted by 3 investigators/2 event leaders).

Información es poder (information is power): menopause knowledge, attitudes, and experiences in midlife Hispanic women and Latinas.

Background: Latinas constitute nearly 20% of midlife women in the United States (U.S.), but remain underrepresented in menopause research.

The Cost of Opportunity: Anti-Black Discrimination in High Resource Settings.

Objective: Inequalities exist in children's educational outcomes-including reading proficiency, school discrimination, and school disciplinary actions-across zip codes with different levels of educational childhood opportunity index (COI). This study examines the interaction between race and educational environment on children's educational outcomes. We hypothesize that race, parental education, and their interaction are associated with perceived school discrimination, which in turn reduces their cognitive, academic, and emotional wellbeing.

High Education, Low Returns: Financial Literacy Challenges for African Americans and Hispanics.

Background: Education is widely regarded as a key driver of financial literacy, yet racial and ethnic disparities persist. Even among highly educated individuals, African American and Hispanic populations may face challenges in financial literacy, likely due to structural racism and socioeconomic inequalities that diminish the benefits of education. This study examines the relationship between education and financial literacy among African American and Hispanic individuals compared to their White counterparts, focusing on how structural factors contribute to these disparities.

Substance Misuse Among Medical Students, Resident Physicians, and Fellow Physicians: A Review With Focus on the United States' Population.

Substance misuse among medical trainees is a serious ongoing concern. The goal of this review is to describe the contributing factors leading to substance misuse among medical trainees, the consequences for those with substance misuse issues, and explore potential interventions and policy changes to address the issue. There are demographic characteristics that contribute to a higher likelihood of substance misuse including race, sex, relationship status, and year of training.

Educated but on Social Security Disability Insurance: Minorities' Diminished Returns.

Background: Educational attainment is widely regarded as a key predictor of economic and social outcomes in later life, including the likelihood of receiving Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI). According to the Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory, however, the benefits of education may be less pronounced for racial and ethnic minorities compared to non-Latino Whites. This study investigates whether the effects of education on the likelihood of receiving SSDI differ by race and ethnicity, focusing on Black and Latino Americans.

When Common Becomes Normal: Weaker Association Between Neighborhood Stress and Body Mass Index Among Black Adolescents Compared to White Adolescents.

Objective: This study explores the relationship between neighborhood stress and Body Mass Index (BMI) in adolescents, while also examining whether this association differs between Black and White adolescents.

Methods: Data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study were analyzed using linear regression models to examine the association between neighborhood stress (defined as a composite score based on three items measuring perceived safety and neighborhood fear) and BMI in adolescents, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic variables. We tested models both with and without interaction terms to assess whether race moderated the association.

Educated but Unhealthy? Examining Minorities' Diminished Returns.

Background: Educational attainment is known to improve self-rated health; however, research suggests that these benefits may be less pronounced for racial and ethnic minority groups. The Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) theory posits that the protective effects of resources such as education are weaker for marginalized populations, such as Black and Latino individuals, compared to their White counterparts.

Objective: This study aims to investigate racial and ethnic disparities in the association between years of schooling and self-rated health among U.

Twice-Yearly Lenacapavir for HIV Prevention in Men and Gender-Diverse Persons.

Background: Twice-yearly subcutaneous lenacapavir has been shown to be efficacious for prevention of HIV infection in cisgender women. The efficacy of lenacapavir for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in cisgender men, transgender women, transgender men, and gender-nonbinary persons is unclear.

Methods: In this phase 3, double-blind, randomized, active-controlled trial, we randomly assigned participants in a 2:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous lenacapavir every 26 weeks or daily oral emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF).