Of Cross-immunity, Herd Immunity and Country-specific Plans: Experiences from COVID-19 in India.

India has witnessed a high number of COVID-19 cases, but mortality has been quite low, and most cases have been asymptomatic or mild. In early April, we had hypothesized a low COVID-19 mortality in India, based on the concept of cross-immunity. The presence of cross-immunity is presumed to lead to a milder course of disease and allow the time necessary for the development of adaptive immunity by the body to eliminate the virus.

Experience with Orbital Tumors from a Tertiary Cancer Centre of North East India: A Pathology Perspective.

 The orbit is an anatomically complex structure comprising the globe, extraocular muscles, fat, vascular, nervous, glandular, and connective tissues. A wide variety of neoplasms can arise from different orbital structures, which can create a diagnostic challenge to the pathologists. No formal study has been conducted in this regard in North East India.

Definitive radiotherapy in patients of synchronous esophageal and head and neck cancer-treatment outcome and toxicity.

Aim: The aim is to retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcomes and treatment related toxicities in patients of synchronous esophageal and head & neck cancer when treated with definitive radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy.

Background: Patients of esophageal cancer with a synchronous second primary in head and neck region can be treated with definitive radiotherapy but the clinical outcome has been reported to be poor.

Method And Design: This is a single institutional retrospective study.

Study of morphological and textural features for classification of oral squamous cell carcinoma by traditional machine learning techniques.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent form of oral cancer. Very few researches have been carried out for the automatic diagnosis of OSCC using artificial intelligence techniques. Though biopsy is the ultimate test for cancer diagnosis, analyzing a biopsy report is a very much challenging task.

Locoregional Flaps in Oncoreconstruction at a Tertiary Cancer Centre in North East India: a Review Through a Plastic Surgeon's Eye.

Local flaps are important parts of oncoreconstruction. The idea of writing this article is to give knowledge to my fellow aspiring plastic surgeons about the common locoregional flaps that are essentially done in a tertiary cancer centre. This is a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Dr.

Dysbiosis of salivary microbiome and cytokines influence oral squamous cell carcinoma through inflammation.

Advanced combinatorial treatments of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy do not have any effect on the enhancement of a 5-year survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The discovery of early diagnostic non-invasive biomarkers is required to improve the survival rate of OSCC patients. Recently, it has been reported that oral microbiome has a significant contribution to the development of OSCC.

Automated oral squamous cell carcinoma identification using shape, texture and color features of whole image strips.

Despite profound knowledge of the incidence of oral cancers and a large body of research beyond it, it continues to beat diagnosis and treatment management. Post physical observation by clinicians, a biopsy is a gold standard for accurate detection of any abnormalities. Towards the application of artificial intelligence as an aid to diagnosis, automated cell nuclei segmentation is the most essential step for the recognition of the cancer cells.

Radical Gastrectomy: Still the Gold Standard Treatment for Gastric Cancer-Our Experience from a Tertiary Care Center from Northeast India.

Gastric cancer (GC) is common in the northeast and southern parts of India. Radical surgery is the cornerstone of treatment and offers the only chance for cure. This study was conducted to assess the outcomes of all resectable gastric cancers that presented to our tertiary cancer center in Northeast India.

TLR9 Polymorphisms Might Contribute to the Ethnicity Bias for EBV-Infected Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in most parts of the world, but is endemic in some ethnic groups. The association of NPC with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is firmly established; however, the mechanism is still unclear. TLR9 is well known for its essential role in viral pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity.

Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of breast cancer patients from Northeast India with special reference to triple negative breast cancer: A prospective study.

Background: Molecular pathogenesis of Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is inconclusively documented from resource limited countries and hence there is a lack of available targeted therapy for clinical interventions. Compared to other breast cancer subtypes, TNBC is more aggressive, higher recurrence rate, and higher prevalence in younger premenopausal women. Sporadic literature indicates predominance of TNBC in all reported breast cancer cases from Northeast India.

Histopathological imaging database for oral cancer analysis.

The repository is composed of 1224 images divided into two sets of images with two different resolutions. First set consists of 89 histopathological images with the normal epithelium of the oral cavity and 439 images of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in 100x magnification. The second set consists of 201 images with the normal epithelium of the oral cavity and 495 histopathological images of OSCC in 400x magnification.

Delays in Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer and the Pathways of Care: A Mixed Methods Study from a Tertiary Cancer Centre in North East India.

Introduction: In India, mortality rate in breast cancer is high because more than half are diagnosed late at locally advanced or metastatic stages. This might be due to presentation delay (recognition of symptoms to first provider consultation) and treatment delay (first provider consultation to initiation of treatment), together known as overall delay. We aimed to estimate the overall delay in diagnosis and treatment in breast cancer and the associated factors, describe pathway of care and explore the reasons for delay from a patients' and providers' perspective.

A Study of Clinical Presentation and Management of Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction (Northeast India-Based Single-Centre Experience).

Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) occurs when there is mechanical obstruction impending gastric emptying. GOO has both benign and malignant aetiologies. In this paper we want to discuss, clinical presentation and management of malignant GOO.

An Overview of Vulvar Cancer: A Single-Center Study from Northeast India.

Study: Carcinoma vulva is a rare cancer of the female genital tract. It mostly presents in postmenopausal women. The treatment of vulvar cancer is surgery, chemoradiation, radiotherapy or a combination of all modalities.

Alterations of salivary microbial community associated with oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients.

The highest number (35.1% of global incident cases) of new oropharyngeal (OP) and hypopharyngeal (HP) cancer cases was reported in South-Central Asia. The highest incidence of HP cancer in India was reported in East Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, Aizawl District of Mizoram, and Kamrup Urban District of Assam.

Reverse sural flap - A feasible option for oncological defects of the lower extremity, ankle, and foot: Our experience from Northeast India.

Background: Soft-tissue management around the lower third of the leg and foot presents a challenge to the surgeon. To achieve local control of tumor, additional surgical margins are required, thus creating large soft-tissue defects. The reverse sural artery flap (RSAF) is a popular option for many of these defects.

Clinico-epidemiological features and response in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia at regional cancer center of Northeast India.

Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises 19.3% of all childhood cancers in Northeast India.

Methods: We analyzed clinicoepidemiological features and early response to the treatment of all the cases of childhood ALL (age <15 years) diagnosed and treated at Dr.

Redo Tracheostomy: Our Experience, Problems Encountered and How to Overcome Them.

Tracheostomy is a life-saving procedure done electively or most commonly in emergency basis. In patients with diagnosed case of cancer in upper airway tract they usually require tracheostomy at some point of time during their whole treatment procedure. Patients receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy or combination of these are at high risk of developing post treatment changes in neck anatomy.

A Survival Analysis of Hypopharyngeal Cancer Patients: A Hospital-Cancer registry Based Study.

To study the survival in patients affected with hypopharyngeal cancer among treatment groups and different stages. Data of hypopharyngeal cancer patients diagnosed from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2010 was used in the present study. The cases were analyzed for gender, age group distribution, sub-sites at presentation, stage at diagnosis and the type of treatments.

Assessment and clinicopathological correlation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal cancer is not a common disease in most parts of the world. In India also, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is not a common cancer, except for the Northeastern region of the country. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in the tumor cells is related to tumor invasion and metastasis.

Histocompatibility locus antigens regions contribute to the ethnicity bias of Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma in higher-incidence populations.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one the most confusing and rare malignancy in most part of the world with significantly high occurrence in some populations of Southeast Asia, North Africa and Alaska. Apart from the dietary and environmental factors, NPC is well-associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in these ethnic groups. However, the internal molecular mechanism(s) for such association in specific populations is not known till date.