Performance of Xpert MTB/RIF and sputum microscopy compared to sputum culture for diagnosis of tuberculosis in seven hospitals in Indonesia.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern in Indonesia, where the incidence was 301 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2020 and the prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB is increasing. Diagnostic testing approaches vary across Indonesia due to resource limitations. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear is widely used, though Xpert MTB/RIF has been the preferred assay for detecting TB and rifampicin resistance since 2012 due to higher sensitivity and ability to rapidly identify rifampicin resistance.

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression is significantly correlated with HER2 expression in late-stage breast cancer patients.

Background: Molecular marker analysis has become important in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment and may reveal new mechanisms in breast cancer pathogenesis. Aside from the commonly used hormonal receptors and HER2, VEGF-A has been increasingly shown to be important in breast cancer diagnosis and pathogenesis.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between VEGF-A expression on ER and PR and HER2 hormonal status in patients with late-stage breast cancer (locally advanced or with distant metastases).

Kidney injury molecule type-1, interleukin-18, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 levels in urine to predict acute kidney injury in pediatric sepsis.

Background: This study aimed to observe the role of urinary kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), interleukin (IL-18), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP-7) levels in predicting acute kidney injury (AKI) in children with sepsis.

Material And Methods: This prospective cohort observational study was conducted at Dr. RSUP.

Plasma Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Concentration at Each Spectrum of Tuberculosis.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory mediator in several diseases, including tuberculosis (TB). However, the role of MIF in each stage of TB remains to be further elucidated. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the differences in plasma MIF protein levels in patients with active pulmonary TB, positive and negative interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) household contacts (HHCs), and healthy controls (HCs).

Factors associated with time of diagnosis and habilitation of congenital hearing loss in Indonesia: A multicenter study.

Objectives: To investigate factors associated with time of diagnosis and habilitation of congenital hearing loss in Indonesia.

Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January to December 2020 by collecting data on patients with congenital hearing loss using validated questionnaires.

Result: Among 535 children with congenital hearing loss, 2.

Characteristics of Drug-sensitive and Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Cases among Adults at Tuberculosis Referral Hospitals in Indonesia.

As Indonesia's rifampin resistance testing rates are lower than global testing rates per the 2020 WHO global tuberculosis (TB) report, prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB may be underestimated. Our study aimed to evaluate prevalence and patterns of TB drug resistance (DR) within Indonesia. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected from 2017-2018 as part of a cohort study of adults with presumed pulmonary TB at 7 DR-TB referral hospitals in Indonesia.

The characteristics of bacteremia among patients with acute febrile illness requiring hospitalization in Indonesia.

Blood culturing remains the "gold standard" for bloodstream infection (BSI) diagnosis, but the method is inaccessible to many developing countries due to high costs and insufficient resources. To better understand the utility of blood cultures among patients in Indonesia, a country where blood cultures are not routinely performed, we evaluated data from a previous cohort study that included blood cultures for all participants. An acute febrile illness study was conducted from July 2013 to June 2016 at eight major hospitals in seven provincial capitals in Indonesia.

A Strangulated Congenital Diaphragmatic Bochdalek Hernia Diagnosed in an Adult.

Although Bochdalek hernias are uncommon in adults and difficult to diagnose, such congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDHs) are some of the most serious malformations among newborns. In particular, CDHs are accompanied by high mortality and marked disability later in life due to concomitant morbidity (i.e.

Combined transcranial and transnasal endoscopic approach in transnasal-penetrating intracranial injury: A rare case report.

Introduction: Transnasal-penetrating intracranial injuries are rare traumatic brain injuries that can cause serious and fatal brain damage and a high mortality rate and necessitate immediate multidisciplinary surgical management. We describe an uncommon case whereby a patient who presented with an accidental penetrating injury of the brain was found to have a wooden transnasal-penetrating intracranial object.

Case Presentation: A 28-year-old man consulted an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeon after complaints of headache for two days, a history of epistaxis, and vomitus.

Synchronous breast cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A case report.

Introduction: Among women, breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent type of cancer and the top cause of cancer deaths. Although non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the most prevalent hematological cancer, it is rarely reported synchronous with BC. Moreover, which malignancy appears first can rarely be explained because they are usually detected incidentally while diagnosing and treating other malignancies.

Quality of Life in Patients with Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis.

A good quality of life is one of the many indicators that determine the success of hemodialysis (HD) therapy. Factors that significantly affect the quality of life of patients with renal failure who undergo HD include sociodemographic condition, mental state (depression), severity of kidney disease, accompanying disorders, HD duration, non-adherence towards prescribed medication and nutritional problems. Among said factors, the metabolic and nutritional disorder commonly known as protein energy wasting (PEW), plays an important role in the clinical course of renal failure patients.

Effects of probiotics on immunity and iron homeostasis: A mini-review.

Iron deficiency remains a major problem in both developed and developing countries. Iron supplementation has been used as a standard intervention for the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). There are many factors affecting the efficacy, including stunting, infections or inflammations, and genetics.

Analysis of mRNA and protein kidney injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression in a kidney model during the initiation phase of ischemia reperfusion injury.

Background: Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed predominantly on the proximal tubular epithelium.

Objective: We wanted to see if there was a critical time for increased tubular damage and its related biomarker, KIM-1 mRNA, and protein expressions during the first 24 h of ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Method: An Experimental research used five male Rattus Norvegicus rats in each group.

Comorbidities and mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Background: The high mortality rate in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients is associated with their comorbid conditions. Therefore, it is important to identify risk factors associated with poor outcomes among COVID-19 patients. The aims of this study were to find out the comorbidities in case of death due to COVID-19.

Evaluating Oral Glutathione Plus Ascorbic Acid, Alpha-lipoic Acid, and Zinc Aspartate as a Skin-lightening Agent: An Indonesian Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Clinicaltrialsgov Identifier: NCT04105504.

Background: For Asians, especially women with darker skin tones (Fitzpatrick Skin Types IV and V), clear, bright skin is considered highly desirable, and various topical, oral, or injection-based cosmetic skin-lightening agents with different mechanisms of action are widely available across Asia.

Objective: We sought to investigate the efficacy and safety of an oral glutathione supplement comprising L-glutathione (fermentation), ascorbic acid, alpha-lipoic acid, and zinc (as zinc aspartate) as a skin-lightening agent.

Nasal reconstruction surgery after continuous positive airway pressure delivered by prongs: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Deformities resulting from nasal continuous positive airway pressure delivered using prongs can cause functional and aesthetic issues for patients. Resultant severe tissue damage to the nasal structures often requires surgical intervention and techniques continue to evolve.

Case Presentation: This case report describes a 6-year-old male presenting with a full-thickness columella defect; contracture causing deformities involving the nasal tip, ala nasi, and left nasal cavity wall; missing left lateral-medial cruris cartilage; and partially missing right medial cruris cartilage.

Effect of interface pressure and skin surface temperature on pressure injury incidence: a turning schedule pilot study.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the interface pressure and skin surface temperature in relation to the incidence of pressure injury (PI) using three different turning schedules.

Method: This was a pilot study with a three-armed randomised clinical trial design. Participants at risk of PI and treated in the high dependency care unit in a regional hospital in Makassar, Indonesia participated in this study.

Symptomatic Bradycardia in Covid-19 Hospitalized Patients: A Case Series.

SARS COV-2 infection has become a global threat. Cardiovascular manifestations associated with Covid-19 have been noted in several publications, and bradycardia related to Covid-19 is a commonly reported complication. This study reports six serial cases of bradycardia attributable to Covid-19; four of them developed complete atrioventricular block.

Lipocalin 2 could predict circulating MMP9 levels in patients with breast cancer.

Objectives: Breast cancer is the most prevalent carcinoma found in Indonesian women, and its incidence remains high worldwide. Lipocalin 2 has been linked with the progression of breast cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is an enzyme that has an important role in angiogenesis.

Telemedicine for detecting Brugada Syndrome in eastern Indonesia: A multi-center prospective observational study.

Background: The incidence of Brugada syndrome has been reported to occur mostly in Asian countries. However, key countries such as Indonesia, the largest-populated Southeast Asian country, have yet to report any existing data regarding the incidence of Brugada syndrome among its population. Detecting these patients has been challenging, especially in primary healthcare settings, which generally have limited resources.

Phalangectomy combination double-pedicled digital artery flap for second-toe macrodactyly reconstruction: A case report.

Introduction: Pedal macrodactyly is a rare form of congenital deformity in which the toes and underlying structures are enlarged. The goal of most macrodactyly reconstruction surgeries is to reconstruct the affected toes to resemble the normal size such that the patient is able to wear shoes of the same size.

Case Presentation: We report a three-year-old female patient presenting with an enlargement of the right foot index and middle toes.

Bartsocas-Papas syndrome: The first case report of severe autosomal recessive form from Indonesia.

Introduction: Bartsocas-Papas syndrome (BPS) is an autosomal recessive form of Popliteal Pterygium syndrome (PPS). It is a very rare disease characterized by congenital craniofacial anomalies, popliteal webbing, and genitourinary and musculoskeletal anomalies. Almost all of the cases were reported in dead intrauterine pregnancies.

A large verrucous plaque on the buttocks: a case report of an atypical presentation of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis.

Although the incidence of cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) has declined among all cases in dermatology outpatient settings, atypical cases are still being reported worldwide. These atypical forms can imitate other conditions hence delaying the diagnosis and increased morbidity. We report a case of an atypical presentation of extensive Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis (TVC) on the buttocks presenting as an annular hyperkeratotic plaque with central healing.

Nail Fold Dermatoscopic Findings in Scleroderma Patients.

A 28-year-old woman with previously excellent health presented with pain, swelling, and stiffness on the face and hands, which had persisted for over 18 months. She had initially experienced intermittent pain in both knees. Skin hardening spread to both hands until the fingers could no longer be straightened.

Risk Factors and Nutritional Profiles Associated with Stunting in Children.

Purpose: To analyze risk factors and various nutrients associated with stunting among children aged 6-60 months.

Methods: This is a case-control and cross-sectional study between 40 stunting cases and 40 controls. Data on possible risk factors associated with stunting were obtained through direct interviews and using a questionnaire.