Dementia in a tribal landlocked elderly population at high altitude: What explains the lower prevalence?

Introduction: Studies across the populations have suggested that dementia is differentially distributed with a lower prevalence in developing regions than the developed ones. A comparison in the prevalence of dementia across populations may provide an insight into its risk factors. Earlier, we reported on the prevalence of dementia in elderly population in migrant, urban, rural, and tribal populations.

Prevalence of mental retardation in urban and rural populations of the goiter zone in Northwest India.

Background: The existence of an endemic goiter belt along the southern slopes of the Himalayas has been known for a long time. Prevalence of neonatal hypothyroidism is high and there has been little work on the prevalence of mental retardation in this part of India.

Objective: The study was conducted with the aim to know the prevalence of mental retardation in the urban and rural populations of Himachal Pradesh, India and to generate a hypothesis on the differential distribution (geographical) of mental retardation.

Pediatric Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma with Pelvicalyceal System Invasion and Contiguous Extension Upto Bladder: Novel and Bizarre Tumor Behaviour.

Background: Paediatric renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare neoplasm which differs significantly in its clinico-pathological behaviour from the adult variant. The clear cell variant constitutes a relatively small histological subset of this neoplasm.

Case Report: We present a very unusual, pathologically proven case of clear cell variety of pediatric RCC which showed invasion into the pelvicalyceal system with contiguous extension up to the urinary bladder.

Contrast Intravasation During Hysterosalpingography.

Hysterosalpingography is an imaging method to evaluate the endometrial and uterine morphology and fallopian tube patency. Contrast intravasation implies backflow of injected contrast into the adjoining vessels mostly the veins and may be related to factors altering endometrial vascularity and permeability. Radiologists and gynaecologists should be well acquainted with the technique of hysterosalpingography, its interpretation, and intravasation of contrast agents for safer procedure and to minimize the associated complications.

Rapunzel Syndrome: Rare 'Tale' of a Broken 'Tail'.

Background: Rapunzel syndrome is a rare and unique form of trichobezoar, in which a cast of hairs is formed in the stomach with its 'tail' extending up to varying lengths into the small bowel. Almost all cases described in literature are of 'classic' and more common form of Rapunzel. Sometimes however, the tail of bezoar is broken into smaller fragments.

Pioglitazone-induced congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema in a patient with preserved ejection fraction.

Pioglitazone-induced heart failure is known in patients with underlying heart disease, but is not well documented in patients with normal left ventricular function. Pioglitazone has been very popular as it is an insulin sensitizer and insulin resistance is prevalent among Indians. Fluid retention exacerbates pre-existing heart failure or precipitates heart failure in a patient with underlying left ventricular dysfunction.

Herlyn Werner Wunderlich Syndrome with Hematocolpos: An Unusual Case Report of Full Diagnostic Approach and Treatment.

Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich (HWW) syndrome is an uncommon combined müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) and mesonephric duct malformation of female urogenital tract characterized by uterus didelphys and obstructed hemi-vagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA) syndrome. We present a rare and unusual case of this syndrome in a 19 year-old female who suffered from hypomenorrhoea and abdominal pain. She had an obstructed hemi-vagina on right side which led to marked distention of ipsilateral cervix, while proximal hemi-vagina compressed the contralateral side causing its partial obstruction resulting in hypomenorrhoea.

Torsion of a Wandering Spleen Presenting as Acute Abdomen.

Background: Wandering spleen is a rare condition which if uncorrected, can result in torsion and infarction. Clinical presentation of a wandering spleen can vary from asymptomatic abdominal mass to acute abdominal pain. Radiological investigations play a pivotal role in diagnosis as the clinical diagnosis is usually impossible.

Liver X Receptor-α polymorphisms (rs11039155 and rs2279238) are associated with susceptibility to vitiligo.

Vitiligo is a complex genetic skin depigmentation disorder caused by the destruction of melanocyte from the lesional site. Liver X Receptor-α (LXR-α) expression is upregulated in the melanocytes from perilesional skin as compared to the normal skin of vitiligo patient suggesting its involvement in vitiligo pathogenesis. Polymorphisms in LXR-α have been associated with several diseases including cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes.

Prevalence of Hypertension in a Tribal Land Locked Population at High Altitude.

Introduction. Extensive pubmed search reveals paucity of data on prevalence of hypertension in tribal population at high altitude. The data is all the more scarce from our part of India.

Agreement between international classification of disease (ICD) and cause of death and associated conditions (CODAC) for the ascertainment of cause of stillbirth (SB) in the rural areas of north India.

International Classification of Diseases-10 th version (ICD-10) has been used to ascertain the cause of death but its use for stillbirths (SBs) is limited. Cause of Death and Associated Conditions (CODAC) as a detailed system expected to provide the exact cause of SB, so a community-based study was planned to study the level of agreement between ICD-10 and CODAC for ascertaining the cause of SB. A verbal autopsy (VA) tool was used to collect the information and then the cause of each SB was assigned using ICD-10 and CODAC separately.

Renal cell carcinoma, unclassified with unique features.

Renal cell carcinoma, unclassified constitute about 3-4% of all renal carcinomas. It essentially is a tumor where more than morphological variants or subtypes are seen in a single tumor. Usually there is a mixture of 2-3 different types.

The changing profile of infantile tremor syndrome in hilly terrain of India.

Background: Infantile tremor syndrome (ITS) is characterized by anemia, skin pigmentation, tremors, physical, and mental regression without a defined etiopathogenesis and low incidence.

Materials And Methods: We have studied 9 patients over 1 year for the changing clinical and laboratory variables of patients with ITS. Neuroregression and anemia were presented in all followed by tremors in 5 and hypotonia in 2.