Unveiling the guardians of the genome: The dynamic role of histones in DNA organization and disease.

Histones are positively charged proteins found in the chromatin of eukaryotic cells. They regulate gene expression and are required for the organization and packaging of DNA within the nucleus. Histones are extremely conserved, allowing for transcription, replication, and repair.

Incremental cost of treating antimicrobial-resistant infections among hospitalised patients in India: a cohort study.

Background: Accurate estimates of incremental cost (IC) attributable to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) provide information of immense public health importance to the policy makers. Here, we present the IC from patient perspective for treating antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in India.

Methods: This cohort study was conducted in eight hospitals including government (GH), private (PH) and trust hospitals (TH), considering their ownership, geographical location and categories of cities.

Pranayama (yogic breathing practices) in Parkinson's disease: protocol for a scoping review of literature.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that presents with motor symptoms such as tremors, slowness and gait difficulties, in addition to various non-motor symptoms such as anxiety, depression and autonomic and sleep disturbances. Pranayama (yogic breathing practices) has been studied as a part of yoga interventions in Parkinson's disease. Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have not detailed the pranayama practices used in clinical studies, and there is no clarity on the pranayama practices that would be most beneficial for Parkinson's disease.

Exploring the link between sex hormone-binding globulin levels and prostate cancer risk: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) plays a critical role in regulating androgen bioavailability and has been hypothesized to influence prostate cancer risk, though existing evidence is inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between SHBG levels and prostate cancer risk.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published up to December 1, 2024.

PreVenTB trial: protocol for evaluation of efficacy and safety of two vaccines VPM1002 and Immuvac (Mw) in preventing tuberculosis (TB) in healthy household contacts of newly diagnosed sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients: phase III, randomised, double-blind, three-arm placebo-controlled trial.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the deadliest infectious diseases over the centuries, killing more people worldwide than any other single infectious disease. There is an urgent need for additional strategies which can expedite efforts to combat TB including a preventive vaccine. In this endeavour, we have developed a protocol for a multisite, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in India that aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two TB vaccines; namely, VPM1002 and Immuvac () () (MIP) among healthy household contacts (HHCs) of sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB) patients.

The Opioid Crisis, Preventing and Managing Substance Abuse in India: A Systematic Review.

The opioid crisis has emerged as a significant public health concern globally, with India facing unique challenges in preventing and managing substance abuse. This systematic review aims to analyze the current state of the opioid crisis in India, evaluate existing prevention and management strategies, and propose evidence-based recommendations for addressing this complex issue. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, resulting in the inclusion of 30 studies meeting the predefined criteria.

Barriers to Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Pilot Qualitative Study of Patient and Practitioner Perspectives in Rural India.

Introduction Cancer remains a critical global health issue, particularly in developing countries, where timely diagnosis and effective treatment are often hindered by numerous barriers. These obstacles exacerbate the cancer burden and contribute to disparities in care. This study explores the barriers to cancer diagnosis and treatment from the perspectives of patients and healthcare providers in rural India, aiming to inform targeted interventions and improve outcomes.

The Future of Orthopaedic Education and Training: Embracing Innovation for a Changing Landscape.

Technological, surgical, and patient demographic developments are driving a perpetual state of change in the field of orthopaedics. Orthopaedic education and training must evolve to better educate upcoming generations of surgeons for this changing environment if the profession is to continue to flourish. The promise of cutting-edge teaching techniques, such as virtual reality (VR), online learning environments, and simulation technology, is examined in this editorial, along with the necessity of developing curricula that take into account patients' evolving requirements and new technological advancements.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Masquerading as a Pancreatic Pseudocyst: A Rare Case Report.

Despite their relative rarity, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common type of mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Here, we describe a rare case of a 62-year-old hypertensive female presenting with abdominal pain and a palpable mass, initially suspected to be a pancreatic pseudocyst based on radiological findings. Subsequent histopathological (HPE) examination following surgical resection revealed a large cystic lesion originating from the stomach, characterized as a malignant epithelioid GIST.

The Plight of Healthcare Providers in Managing and Preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)/Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs): A Qualitative Study.

Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and reproductive tract infections (RTIs) pose significant public health challenges globally, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to investigate the challenges faced by healthcare providers in managing and preventing STIs/RTIs in India. Materials and methods In-depth interviews were conducted with eight healthcare providers, including counselors, gynecologists, and dermatologists, working in government settings.