Can early life interventions prevent food allergies?

Background: The incidence of food allergies is increasing all over the world. Prevention strategies intend to reduce food sensitization risk and subsequent allergies. In this review, we will discuss the recent data concerning different geographic regions for the prevention of food allergies in children.

Different age groups present different clinics in anaphylaxis with children: one size does not fit all children.

Background: Childhood anaphylaxis presents with a heterogeneous clinic. Elicitors and epidemiologic factors associated with anaphylaxis differ with age, geographic location and lifestyle. This study aimed to determine the clinical features and age-specific patterns of childhood anaphylaxis in a single referral center in Turkey.

COVID-19 Vaccines Are Safely Tolerated in Adolescents with Cutaneous Mastocytosis.

Introduction: The management of the COVID-19 vaccine in children with mastocytosis is unclear due to a lack of data. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents with cutaneous mastocytosis (CM).

Methods: This study included 27 paediatric patients who were diagnosed with CM and were followed up in the paediatric allergy department of a tertiary care children's hospital.

How does COVID-19 affect maternal and neonatal outcomes?

Objectives: In this article, we aimed to evaluate the most recent information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of mothers and their babies.

Methods: We conducted a literature search by utilizing online sources. Scientific papers that were written in English on the effects of COVID-19 on both mother and their newborn were assessed.

Supraventricular tachycardia after respiratory syncytial virus infection in a newborn.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in newborn infants. RSV can cause cardiac arrhythmias. We present a case of a term newborn with supraventricular tachycardia that developed during RSV infection and was successfully treated with amiodarone.

Radiomics of locally advanced rectal cancer: machine learning-based prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy using pre-treatment sagittal T2-weighted MRI.

Purpose: Variable response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is observed among individuals with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), having a significant impact on patient management. In this work, we aimed to investigate the potential value of machine learning (ML)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics in predicting therapeutic response to nCRT in patients with LARC.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-six patients with LARC were included in this retrospective study.

Evaluation of Newborns Diagnosed with COVID-19: A Single-Center Experience.

Objective: The causative agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome is a new type of coronavirus infection called coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which has spread around the world. COVID-19 is thought to rarely affect infants, so pandemic planning focuses on adults. This study aimed to share our 1-year experience with COVID-19-positive newborns in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to a gastric ulcer in a newborn.

Usually, swallowing of maternal blood is the cause of bloody vomiting in healthy term newborns. Other reported causes include gastritis, esophagitis, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer. We report a newborn girl born by cesarean at 37 weeks who had hematemesis on postnatal day 1 and hematochezia on day 2.

Effects of Cow's Milk Components, Goat's Milk and Sheep's Milk Sensitivities on Clinical Findings, and Tolerance Development in Cow's Milk Allergy.

Objective: Cow's milk (CM) contains some proteins capable of causing an allergic reaction in a sensitized individual and one of the most common causes of food allergy in childhood. Most of the patients will develop tolerance by the age of 3. In this study, we aimed to evaluate sensitivity to CM allergen components as well as goat's milk (GM) and sheep's milk cross reactions in cow's milk allergic (CMA) patients and to figure out the risk factors for tolerance non-development.

Sepsis Associated with Probiotic Therapy in a Term Infant with Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most common birth defects. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants, and probiotics can be used to protect NEC.

Case Report: We present a term infant with aortic coarctation who developed sepsis with GG after probiotic use, successfully treated with ampicillin.

Minor dysmorphic features in a patient with papillorenal syndrome: A Case Report.

Papillorenal syndrome, also known as renal coloboma syndrome, is characterised by congenital optic disc anomalies and renal abnormalities. Mutations in the PAX2 gene, which plays a critical role in embryogenesis, cause this syndrome. Other related anomalies are less commonly observed.

Prognostic factors affecting the surgical success of gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy.

Purpose: To investigate the prognostic factors affecting gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) surgical success.

Methods: Fifty-three eyes were retrospectively enrolled. Open-angle glaucoma patients with at least 6-month follow-up were included.

Why are influenza vaccination coverage rates still too low among health care workers in a tertiary care children's hospital in Turkey?

Annual influenza vaccination offers the best means to control and prevent influenza-associated illnesses. Vaccination of health care workers (HCWs) is crucial for reducing influenza-related morbidity and mortality, and health authorities recommend universal vaccination of this population. We evaluate the rates of influenza vaccination among HCWs and factors influencing uptake among health care professional groups in a children's hospital in Ankara, Turkey.

A Case of Congenital Glucose Galactose Malabsorption with a New Mutation in the Gene.

Congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption (CGGM) is an autosomal recessive disorder originating from an abnormal transporter mechanism in the intestines. It was sourced from a mutation in the gene, which encodes a sodium-dependent glucose transporter. Here we report a 2-day-old girl with CGGM who presented with severe hypernatremic dehydration due to diarrhea beginning in the first hours of life.

Interaction between childhood vocal fold nodules and allergic diseases.

Objectives: Vocal fold nodules (VFNs) are benign lesions at the junction of the anterior and middle third of the vocal folds. Although VFNs are often a result of vocal cord trauma due to vocal abuse, childhood allergic diseases, and medications may be a cause. We aimed to investigate the association of detected VFNs with allergic diseases in childhood patients with vocal abuse.

Astaxanthin Prevents Lung Injury Due to Hyperoxia and Inflammation.

Background/aim: This study aimed to ascertain the effects of astaxanthin on the lungs of rat pups with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) induced by hyperoxia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Materials And Methods: Forty-two newborn Wistar rats, born to spontaneous pregnant rats, were divided into three groups: Hyperoxia (95% O2) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, hyperoxia + LPS + astaxhantin group, and control: no treatment group (21% O2). Pups in the hyperoxia + LPS + astaxanthin group were given 100 mg/kg/day oral astaxanthin from the first day to the fifth day.

Pigeon breeder`s disease as a cause of hypersensitivity pneumonia in children.

Background And Objectives: Hypersensitivity pneumonia is a complex condition due to exposure time, intensity, different clinical presentation, and treatment practices. We aimed to evaluate the patients that were diagnosed with hypersensitivity pneumonia (HSP) due to exposure to pigeons and a review of the literature for diagnosis and treatment of Pigeon Breeder`s Disease (PBD) in children.

Method: Between the years of 2009-2018, patients who were diagnosed with HSP due to PBD were included in the study in a pediatric pulmonology department.

Perioperative care of the newborns with CHDs in the time of COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel betacoronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has led to an unexpected outbreak affecting people of all ages. The first data showed that COVID-19 could cause severe pulmonary disease, cardiac injury, and death in adults, especially the elderly and those with concomitant diseases. Currently, it was demonstrated that severe COVID-19 may also develop in neonatal age, although rarely.

Oxidative Stress in Children with Cutaneous Mastocytosis.

Thiols and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) are novel biomarkers for the evaluation of the oxidative stress (OS) that has been associated with the pathogenesis of various neoplastic and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to find out the dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis and IMA levels in patients with cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) to demonstrate the presence of the OS. A total of 36 patients with CM and 27 age- and sex-matched healthy participants were included in this study.

Therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine on chemotherapy-induced liver injury.

Background: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may be useful in the management of chemotherapy-induced liver injury.

Aims: The present study evaluates the possible therapeutic effects of NAC on chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity.

Methods: A total of 102 patients' files who were diagnosed with cancer between 2015 and 2019 were evaluated retrospectively.

What triggered massive hemoptysis in Goodpasture syndrome with isolated pulmonary involvement in a 14-year-old boy?

Şişmanlar-Eyüboğlu T, Aslan AT, Gezgin-Yıldırım D, Buyan N, Emeksiz S, Kalkan G. What triggered massive hemoptysis in Goodpasture syndrome with isolated pulmonary involvement in a 14-year-old boy? Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 611-614. Goodpasture syndrome is a rare, autoimmune disease associated with the development of antibodies against a specific antigen both in glomerular basement membrane and alveolar basement membrane.

The peripheral blood inflammatory patterns in the control levels of asthma in children.

Objective: Asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of childhood, but there are no useful and easily accessible laboratory tests routinely used in the diagnosis and follow-up of this disease in children. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the roles of white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and eosinophil percentage as full blood count inflammatory markers in evaluating the control level and follow-up of asthma in the pediatric age group.

Methods: A retrospective review of patient records and files of 3,580 patients diagnosed with asthma at the University of Health Sciences in Ankara, Turkey was performed.

Passive Smoking and Disease Severity in Childhood Pneumonia Under 5 Years of Age.

Objective: To objectively investigate the effect of passive smoking on pneumonia and disease severity in children aged less than 5 years by using cotinine as an indicator of passive smoking.

Methods: Between December 2015 and April 2016, children aged less than 5 years with pneumonia and age-matched healthy controls were included in this study, which was conducted at three tertiary pediatric pulmonology centers. A questionnaire was given to the parents regarding demographic data and smoking status at home.