Two cases of Kawasaki disease presented with acute febrile jaundice.

Kawasaki disease is an acute, systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. Although gastrointestinal involvement does not belong to the classic diagnostic criteria; diarrhea, abdominal pain, hepatic dysfunction, hydrops of gallbladder, and acute febrile cholestatic jaundice are reported in patients with Kawasaki disease. We describe here two cases presented with fever, and acute jaundice as initial features of Kawasaki disease.

Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup X ST-5799 (ST-22 complex) in Turkey: A unique pediatric case.

Although outbreaks of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X occured in a couple of African countries, a limited number of serogroup X meningococcal cases were reported in America and Europe as well as Turkey. Additionally, serogroup X is still not represented in current conjugated meningococcal vaccines. Here, we describe the first pediatric case with meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X ST-5799 (ST-22 complex) that formed a distinct lineage.

A Report of 7-Year Experience on Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.

Background: Continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs) either as continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) or hemodiafiltration (CVVHD) are used frequently in critically ill children. Many clinical variables and technical issues are known to affect the result. The factors that could be modified to increase the survival of renal replacement are sought.

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Applications on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuit.

Background And Aims: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration is used frequently in pediatric patients, but experience of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) application on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuit is still limited. Among several methods used for applying CRRT on ECMO patients, we aim to share our experience on inclusion of a CRRT device in the ECMO circuit which we believe is easier and safer to apply.

Materials And Methods: The data were collected on demographics, outcomes, and details of the treatment of ECMO patients who had CRRT.

Are the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 1298 and 677 gene polymorphisms related to optic glioma and hamartoma risk in neurofibromatosis type 1 patients?

The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene plays a key role in carcinogenesis through its effects on DNA synthesis and methylation and also has a significant role in the etiology of many disorders, such as diabetes, migraine, and cardiovascular disease. Neurofibromatoses (NF) are autosomal dominant inherited diseases that can affect tissues such as bone and skin and predispose individuals to tumor development in various parts of the nervous system or body. Optic nerve glioma and brain tumors are common in children with NF, and leukemia and lymphoma incidence is also higher than normal.

A CHILD WITH LARON SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH VASCULITIS.

Background And Objectives: Levels of insulin-like growth factor-I are characteristically low in Laron syndrome which is a factor that has important roles on vascular health and development. Congenital insulin-like growth factor-I deficiency was reported to be associated with some vascular disorders. However, vasculitis diseases and Laron Syndrome association has not been reported in English literature up to date.

Clinical and microbiological features of resistant gram-negative bloodstream infections in children.

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Gram-negative (GN) bacteria cause significant morbidity and mortality. There is a worldwide increase in the reported incidence of resistant microorganisms; therefore, surveillance programs are important to define resistance patterns of GN microorganisms causing BSIs. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and microbiological features of resistant GN BSIs in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Turkey.

A case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis mimicking child abuse.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare non-malignant disease with clinical heterogeneity. The disease may present with various clinical findings and may imitate many other conditions. In this report we describe a 34-month-old girl who presented with chronic otitis and otorrhea, skull fracture, rash, vulvar edema, erythema and erosion in labia majors which initially suggested child abuse but the patient was diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Evaluation of complicated and uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion in children.

Parapneumonic effusion (PPE) and empyema are most often seen as a complication of bacterial pneumonia and occasionally associated with atypical bacteria or viruses. The aims of this study were to describe and compare demographic characteristics, clinical, laboratory, microbiological findings and treatment modalities of patients with PPE and empyema. We retrospectively reviewed 116 pediatric patients with PPE and empyema.

An interesting fistula tract presenting with recurrent gluteal abscess: instructive case.

A fistula extending from the gluteus to penis is an extremely rare entity. In this paper, we have highlighted novel variant of congenital penile to gluteal fistula complicated with gluteal and penoscrotal abscess in a previously healthy boy. A fistulous tract extending from the gluteus to penis has been shown by fistulogram.

Blood parameters as indicators of upper airway obstruction in children with adenoid or adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

Unlabelled: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) is the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children. This study aimed to evaluate the blood parameters of children with ATH who underwent surgery.

Methods: The study included a review of the medical records of 130 children who underwent adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy with a diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy and/or chronic tonsillitis.

Deep neck infections in children: experience in a tertiary care center in Turkey.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical presentations, diagnostic clues and management of deep neck infections (DNI) in pediatric patients. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, predisposing factors, duration of symptoms before presentation, history of previous antibiotic use, duration of hospitalization, laboratory and radiographic evaluations, management, complications, and outcomes of 25 patients (19 male/6 female; mean age: 47.9±39.

Treatment of brucellosis in a young child with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole anaphylaxis.

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease throughout the world. Brucella spp. transmit to humans through contact with fluids of infected animals, especially sheep, cattle, and goats.

Erythema nodosum in children: evaluation of 39 patients.

Erythema nodosum (EN) has been associated with various infectious and noninfectious diseases. A total of 39 EN patients seen between May 2005 and February 2012 were evaluated retrospectively in this study. The etiology of EN was established in 22 of the 39 children (56.

[Evaluation of 44 pediatric measles cases detected in Ankara, Turkey during 2012-2013 epidemic and molecular characterization of the viruses obtained from two cases].

Elimination of measles and rubella until the end of 2015 in parallel with the "World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Region's Measles Elimination" work-up has been targetted and "Measles Elimination Program'' has been carried out since 2002 in Turkey. Due to the routine vaccination programmes the number of the vaccinated children have increased and epidemic incidences have been falling. However, imported measles cases from Europe and other neighboring countries have been observed in Turkey in the recent two years.

Effect of cup feeding and bottle feeding on breastfeeding in late preterm infants: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Cup feeding has been used as an alternative feeding method for preterm infants.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bottle and cup feeding on exclusive breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge and 3 and 6 months post-discharge in late preterm infants.

Methods: Included in the study were preterm infants of 32 to 35 weeks' gestation fed only by intermittent gastric tube at the time of recruitment; 522 infants were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the cup-fed group (n = 254) and bottle-fed group (n = 268).

Are neutrophil CD64 expression and interleukin-6 early useful markers for diagnosis of acute appendicitis?

Background/purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of interleukin-6 (IL-6) level and neutrophil cluster of differentiation 64 (CD64) expression in diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA).

Methods: A prospective controlled trail was performed. Children who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of right lower quadrant pain were our cohort.

Transient acute flaccid paralysis and seizures associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis in a child.

Rotavirus is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children. Neurological complications including seizures are known to accompany rotavirus gastroenteritis. Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) associated with rotavirus has not been reported previously except for one report.

The clinical characteristics and treatment of pertussis patients in a tertiary center over a four-year period.

We performed a retrospective study of pertussis patients seen during the period July 2007-December 2011. All patients were microbiologically confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or culture. Thirty one patients with positive Bordetella spp.

Unusual presentation of gastric perforation in a neonate: subcutaneous emphysema and scrotal pneumatocele.

Gastric perforation in neonates is an uncommon condition. A four-day-male neonate was referred with respiratory distress, abdominal distention, right scrotal swelling and extensive emphysema of the abdominal wall. Abdominal X-ray findings showed bilateral sub-diaphragmatic free air, right scrotal pneumatocele and subcutaneous emphysema of the abdominal wall.

A report of two pediatric tetanus cases.

Tetanus is still a difficult-to-treat disease with high morbidity and mortality. Although it most commonly occurs in non-immunized children, it can also be seen in partially immunized or immunized children. We report herein two pediatric cases of generalized tetanus.