Ultrasound biomicroscopic characteristics of the anterior segment in primary congenital glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively ultrasound biomicroscopic (UBM) features of the anterior segment in eyes with primary congenital glaucoma.

Methods: UBM of 45 eyes of patients with primary congenital glaucoma (39 previously operated and 6 unoperated eyes) and 28 control eyes were included in this study. UBM parameters were correlated with ocular biometry.

Does an iridotomy provide protection against narrowing of the anterior chamber angle during Valsalva maneuvre in eyes with primary angle closure.

Purpose: To evaluate changes at the anterior chamber angle during Valsalva manoeuver, in eyes having primary angle closure (PAC) and a patent laser peripheral iridotomy.

Methods: Twenty-three eyes of 23 consecutive patients underwent a recording of applanation tonometry, measurement of the anterior chamber angle recess, angle opening distance, iris thickness, anterior chamber depth, and pupil size on ultrasound biomicroscopy before and during the Valsalva maneuver. The Valsalva manoeuver was standardized to a pressure of 40 mmHg for 15 s, using a manometer.

Rare presentation of fungal orbital cellulitis in an immunocompetent infant.

A 3-month-old infant presented with unilateral proptosis. Ophthalmic and physical examinations, computed tomography, and histopathologic examination of a biopsy specimen were performed. Histopathologic examination confirmed fungal orbital cellulitis.

Proliferative vascular retinopathy in polymyositis and dermatomyositis with scleroderma (overlap syndrome).

Aim: To report the occurrence of proliferative vascular retinopathy in two patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis.

Method: Review of case records.

Results: One patient presented, six years after the diagnosis of polymyositis, with obliteration of the superior retinal vessels and associated neovascularization of the disc.

Demographic pattern, predisposing factors and management of ulcerative keratitis: evaluation of one thousand unilateral cases at a tertiary care centre.

Purpose: To determine the predisposing factors, special clinical manifestations and the management of presumed microbial ulcerative keratitis.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 1000 eyes of 1000 patients with presumed microbial keratitis. Information was recorded on patients' age and gender, risk factors, seasonal presentation, number of days since initiation of ulcer, prior therapy, clinical presentation, microbiological work-up and case management.

Risk factors for postoperative cylindrical prediction error after laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia and myopic astigmatism.

Purpose: To study the risk factors for the occurrence of cylindrical prediction error (PE) after laser in situkeratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia and myopic astigmatism.

Methods: The study was a nested case-control study. Five hundred eyes of 252 consecutive patients who underwent LASIK for myopia and myopic astigmatism on the Chiron Technolas 217C laser and completed 6 months of follow-up.

Prospective, long-term evaluation of steroid-induced glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) after cessation of steroid use in steroid-induced glaucoma and its control with medication or surgery.

Methods: Thirty-four eyes of 34 patients having steroid-induced glaucoma were prospectively evaluated after cessation of steroid for IOP, visual acuity, and optic disc status at 3 months, and every 3 months for 18 months.

Results: Topical steroid use (73.

Diagnostic capability of optical coherence tomography in evaluating the degree of glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber damage.

Purpose: To evaluate the role and ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect differences in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between normal and glaucomatous eyes and also between different severities of glaucoma.

Method: This cross-sectional observational study included 160 eyes of 160 healthy subjects and 134 eyes of 134 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured on OCT using the fast RNFL thickness protocol.

Prospective evaluation of fundus changes in patients with orbital mass lesions.

Purpose: To study fundus changes associated with orbital mass lesions.

Methods: In a prospective, interventional case series, 28 patients undergoing surgery for discrete orbital masses had detailed fundus examination under dilation using direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Preoperative visual acuity and the amount and duration of proptosis were noted.

Narrowing of the anterior chamber angle during Valsalva maneuver: a possible mechanism for angle closure.

Purpose: To evaluate changes at the anterior chamber angle during Valsalva maneuver in eyes suspected to have a primary adult glaucoma.

Methods: Seventy-six consecutive patients underwent recording of applanation tonometry, measurement of the anterior chamber angle recess, angle opening distance, angle recess area, scleral spur-iris root distance, iris thickness, iridociliary angle, ciliary body thickness, anterior chamber depth, and pupil size on ultrasound biomicroscopy before and during the Valsalva maneuver. The Valsalva maneuver was standardized to a pressure of 40 mmHg for 15 seconds, using a manometer.

Corneal topographic response to intraocular pressure reduction in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis and steroid-induced glaucoma.

Purpose: To study the corneal topographic response to IOP reduction in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) with steroid-induced glaucoma.

Methods: A total of 42 eyes of 21 patients with VKC and steroid-induced glaucoma (Group I) and 66 eyes of 33 patients with VKC without glaucoma (Group II) underwent an evaluation by Orbscan topography. In eyes with glaucoma, the IOP was controlled medically and the corneal topography was repeated at 3 months to evaluate effect on corneal parameters.

Optic nerve cysticercosis: case report and review of current management.

The authors present a case of optic nerve cysticercosis in a 32-year-old patient who presented with sudden blurring of vision in the left eye and a transient visual improvement on systemic steroids. The ocular findings were unremarkable other than a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD). An ultrasound of the orbit, CT and MRI scans revealed a cystic lesion in the orbital portion of the optic nerve close to the eyeball.

Visual outcome and electron microscopic features of indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling from macular hole of various aetiologies.

Purpose: To describe the visual outcome of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for macular hole of various aetiologies and ultrastructural features of the ILM.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted on 40 eyes of 38 patients. Thirty eyes with full thickness macular hole were treated with vitrectomy and removal of ILM.

Comparing glaucomatous optic neuropathy in primary open angle and chronic primary angle closure glaucoma eyes by optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To comparatively evaluate the optic nerve head (ONH) using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in normal subjects, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CPACG) patients.

Methods: A total of 138 normal eyes (138 subjects) and 139 glaucomatous eyes (139 patients), were evaluated in this cross-sectional observational study. The ONH was imaged on OCT using the optic disc scan.

Comparison of scleral buckling with combined scleral buckling and pars plana vitrectomy in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with unseen retinal breaks.

Background: The purpose of the present paper was to compare the techniques of conventional scleral buckling and combined pars plana vitrectomy and scleral buckling procedures in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with unseen retinal breaks.

Methods: Forty-four consecutive eyes with uncomplicated, primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with a clear media and unseen retinal breaks were randomized to two groups. The scleral buckling group underwent 360 degrees scleral buckling, cryopexy and external subretinal fluid drainage.

Multifocal cavernous hemangioma: a rare presentation.

Periorbital cavernous hemangiomas involving other facial structures usually occur in young adults. We now report a case with multifocal involvement of the eyelid, orbit, conjunctiva, cheek, palate, and temporal fossa, simultaneously, which is quite rare. These lesions are slow-growing and may be associated with systemic abnormalities.

Intravitreal sodium hyaluronate and secondary glaucoma after complicated phacoemulsification.

We report 4 cases that presented with intractable glaucoma after complicated phacoemulsification during which sodium hyaluronate 1.0% (Healon) was used to tamponade a central posterior capsule rupture. The postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was uncontrolled on maximal medical therapy.

Insect wing conjunctival granuloma.

Purpose: To report a case of conjunctival granuloma formation in response to lodgment of an insect wing.

Method: Case report and review of the literature. RESULTS Granuloma formation in the conjunctiva can occur following lodgment of an insect wing.

Phacoemulsification in a case of microspherophakia.

Phacoemulsification with implantation of an acrylic foldable intraocular lens in a 14-year-old girl with microspherophakia is described. The associated lenticular myopia was disabling in terms of quality of life. With the help of nylon iris hooks, the procedure was uneventful and the outcome successful

Ultrasound findings in orbital hydatid cysts.

Purpose: To describe the ultrasound features seen in orbital hydatid disease, which may confirm the diagnosis preoperatively.

Design: Interventional case series.

Methods: Nine patients of orbital hydatid cyst were evaluated preoperatively with ultrasound and computed tomography scans.

Role of 0.02% polyhexamethylene biguanide and 1% povidone iodine in experimental Aspergillus keratitis.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of 0.02% polyhexamethylene biguanide and 1% povidone iodine in experimental keratitis.

Methods: Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis was induced by corneal intrastromal injection of spores in 24 healthy rabbits that were randomly divided into four groups of six rabbits each.

Study of corneal topographic patterns with single continuous suturing techniques in penetrating keratoplasty.

Purpose: To study the corneal topographic patterns following three different types of single continuous suturing techniques in penetrating keratoplasty.

Methods: One hundred forty-eight maps obtained from 40 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty with single continuous suturing were retrospectively analyzed at a tertiary eye care center. The videokeratograph maps were obtained on the Eye Sys System 2000 at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery.

Tectonic grafts for corneal thinning and perforations.

Purpose: To evaluate the success of tectonic grafts in cases of corneal thinning and perforations.

Methods: We performed 42 tectonic grafts in 41 eyes of 40 patients. Three types of tectonic grafts were used in our treatment protocol.