Dramatic response to topical dorzolamide in X-linked retinoschisis.

Macular involvement is commonly seen in cases with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) which includes foveal schisis and cystic maculopathy. Although no definitive treatment has been described, the use of topical 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride in such cases has shown varied response. We herein report a case of XLRS with foveal schisis showing good response to topical dorzolamide.

Pediatric ophthalmology, strabismus and neuro-ophthalmology practice in the COVID-19 era: All India Ophthalmological Society guidelines.

The COVID-19 Pandemic has prompted substantial changes in the way ophthalmology is practiced globally. General guidelines on safe ophthalmic practice have been issued by various bodies across the globe including the All India Ophthalmological Society. While these are suitable to ophthalmology overall, they are not entirely suitable to a subspecialty practice, particularly pediatric ophthalmology, strabismus and neuro-ophthalmology, which entails dealing with children, surgery under general anesthesia and managing possible life threatening situations.

Optical coherence tomography angiography-guided photodynamic therapy for extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization.

Type 1 extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration was diagnosed in a 68-year-old woman using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) alone. The entire network of vessels was clearly visible on a 12 × 12 mm OCT-A scan segmented below the retinal pigment epithelium. The patient was initially treated with intravitreal ranibizumab followed by photodynamic therapy (PDT) guided by OCT-A.

Glycerin-Assisted Vitreoretinal Surgery in Edematous Cornea.

Purpose: To describe the use of glycerin in improving media clarity in cases with edematous cornea.

Methods: Retrospective case series including patients with posterior segment pathologies needing surgical invention and having corneal edema. Each case was studied for the role of topical application of glycerin instead of viscoelastic agents and the course of surgery.

Evaluation of the role of ultrasound biomicroscopy in advanced retinoblastoma: A prospective study on Asian Indian children.

: To evaluate the role of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in retinoblastoma (RB).: Children with advanced unilateral RB were included. UBM was performed to look for tumour invasion into the anterior segment (AS) and for evaluation of quantitative parameters.

Choroidal Vascular Pattern in Cases of Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

Purpose: To study the choroidal vascular pattern in patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) using swept-source OCT (SS-OCT).

Design: Prospective comparative observational study.

Participants: All patients with SWS with no history of prior treatment for posterior segment pathology were included.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-related uveitis mimicking endophthalmitis.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a group of disorders occurring in children with arthritis of more than 6 weeks' duration. JIA may have varied systemic and ocular presentations, which can pose a diagnostic challenge. Chronic uveitis with insidious onset is the most common type of ocular presentation.

Submacular cysticercosis.

Ocular cysticercosis could involve subconjunctival space, anterior chamber, extraocular muscle, subretinal space, or vitreous. The presence of intraocular live cyst is a potential threat to visual acuity. The removal of the cyst in-toto is thus of importance to prevent inflammatory reaction and ocular damage.

Amniotic membrane transplantation with or without autologous cultivated limbal stem cell transplantation for the management of partial limbal stem cell deficiency.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) vs cultivated limbal stem cell transplantation (LSCT) in eyes with partial limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) following chemical burns.

Methods: Eyes with unilateral partial LSCD (#180° involvement) were randomized in two groups to undergo either pannus resection combined with AMT or pannus resection combined with LSCT in a tertiary eye care hospital. Primary outcome measures were time to corneal epithelialization and absence of conjunctivalization of the cornea.

Magnetic resonance imaging for tumor restaging after chemotherapy in retinoblastoma with optic nerve invasion.

Purpose: Extraocular retinoblastoma with optic nerve invasion is treated by a multimodal protocol consisting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, enucleation, and adjuvant therapy. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used for tumor restaging in these children after systemic chemotherapy administration.

Methods: Contrast-enhanced MRI scan of orbits and brain was performed at diagnosis and patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

A study of changes in levator muscle in congenital ptosis.

Purpose: To study microscopic and ultrastructural changes of levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle in congenital ptosis.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, LPS muscle was studied in 77 eyelids with congenital ptosis; 35-simple congenital ptosis (SCP), 12-Marcus Gunn jaw winking phenomenon (MGJWP), and 30-blepharophimosis epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES). Light microscopy, enzyme histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were performed, and results were analyzed.

Incidence and progression of myopia and associated factors in urban school children in Delhi: The North India Myopia Study (NIM Study).

Aim: To evaluate the incidence and progression of myopia and factors associated with progression of myopia in school going children in Delhi.

Methods: Prospective longitudinal study of 10,000 school children aged 5 to 15 years screened after an interval of 1 year to identify new myopes (Spherical Equivalent≤ -0.5D) and progression of myopia in previously diagnosed myopic children.

Effect of phacoemulsification on measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer and optic nerve head parameters using spectral-domain-optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of phacoemulsification cataract extraction on measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer and optic nerve head parameters using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Material And Methods: A prospective, hospital-based study of 100 patients of 40 years of age and above, with no other ocular morbidity except cataract and planned for phacoemulsification with IOL implantation (SN60WF) at a tertiary centre at AIIMS, New Delhi, India. All patients underwent imaging with Cirrus SD-OCT model 400 and the optic disc cube 200x200 protocol at baseline and at 1 month follow up.

Involvement of Renin-Angiotensin System in Retinopathy of Prematurity - A Possible Target for Therapeutic Intervention.

Objective: Examining the Retinal Renin Angiotensin System (RRAS) in the ROP neonates and analyzing the possibility of modulating the RRAS to prevent the progression in Oxygen Induced Retinopathy (OIR) model.

Method: Vitreous of ROP patients (n = 44, median age 5.5 months) was quantified for RRAS components, VEGF, HIF-1α and compared with age matched control.

Iatrogenic parafoveal macular hole following Nd-YAG posterior hyaloidotomy for premacular haemorrhage.

Premacular sub-internal limiting membrane (sub-ILM) haemorrhage is a known cause of sudden profound loss of vision. Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (ND-YAG) posterior hyaloidotomy is an inexpensive, effective and safe treatment modality for rapid drainage of haemorrhage covering the macula. An 18-year-old male patient presented to us with a history of Nd-YAG posterior hyaloidotomy for Valsalva-related premacular bleed.

Trabeculectomy in eyes with unsuspected retinoblastoma.

Background: To report the management and clinical outcome of children with unsuspected retinoblastoma who underwent trabeculectomy surgery.

Methods: Three children who presented to us after trabeculectomy surgery were diagnosed with retinoblastoma. They were treated with enucleation of the affected eye.

Invasive Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia Masquerading as Nodular Scleritis.

The authors report a rare case of ocular surface squamous neoplasia with intraocular involvement that had an initial masquerade presentation of recurrent anterior nodular scleritis. A 35-year-old male patient presented with right eye recurrent anterior nodular scleritis for which a lamellar patch graft was done. Two months later, the patient presented with recurrence of symptoms.

Risk factors for intra-operative complications during phacoemulsification performed by residents.

The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for occurrence of intra-operative complications during phacoemulsification performed by residents. One hundred fifty patients with cataract who underwent phacoemulsification by residents, with an experience of five or more phacoemulsification surgery, at a tertiary care centre were included in this study. The pre-operative data of these patients were collected from the hospital records.

Periosteal Fixation Procedures in the Management of Incomitant Strabismus.

Managing a case of incomitant strabismus from nerve palsy or extraocular muscle loss is a major challenge. Among possible management options are globe or extraocular muscle fixation to the orbital wall coupled with weakening or strengthening of the relevant antagonist. Extraocular muscle fixation to the orbital wall can also be used in cases of abnormal synkinesis to eliminate the abnormal eye movements of a misfiring extraocular muscle, which thereby allows the use of standard paralytic strabismus surgery techniques.