Patterns of uveitis in patients with proven systemic (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) tuberculosis.

Purpose: To report patterns of uveitis in patients with systemic tuberculosis.

Methods: Records of patients presenting at uvea clinic of a tertiary eye care centre were evaluated retrospectively, and 47 cases with proven systemic tuberculosis were analyzed for patterns of uveitis. Tuberculosis had been proven with a combination of radio imaging and detection of acid fast bacilli in body fluids.

Assessing the inclusion of primary school children in vision screening for refractive error program of India.

Purpose: In India, teachers screen middle school children using the 6/9 Snellen's optotype. Recently, the National Program for Control of Blindness included primary school students also. The present cross-sectional study was planned to assess the inclusion of primary school students.

Does NEMO/IKKγ protein have a role in determining prognostic significance in uveal melanoma?

Purpose: Uveal melanoma, although a rare form of cancer, is the most common primary malignancy of the eye in adults. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that transactivates genes involved in the regulation of cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis, but the molecular mechanisms that negatively regulate NF-κB activation are not fully understood. NF-κB can also be activated by DNA damage pathway through NEMO protein.

Prevalence, progression, and outcomes of diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy in Indian scenario.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate pattern of diabetic retinopathy (DR) during pregnancy in females with pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: This is an ambispective observational cohort study conducted at an Indian tertiary care centre. A total of 50 pregnant females with pregestational DM were included while those with gestational DM were excluded from the study.

Evaluation of hyaloid-retinal relationship during triamcinolone-assisted vitrectomy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Aims: To determine hyaloid-retinal relationship in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment during vitreous surgery.

Methods: This is a prospective, interventional study of patients (n = 72) undergoing triamcinolone-assisted 25G vitreous surgery for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Hyaloid-retinal relationship was noted intraoperatively to identify regions and patterns of firm attachment and was classified into subgroups.

Antigen Positivity in Patients with Different Ocular Manifestations over 8 Years.

Laboratory confirmation of chlamydial antigen in clinically suspected cases of chlamydial eye infections is important, as similar clinical picture can be presented by different infective or noninfective causes. We retrospectively analyzed the presence of antigen in 690 clinically suspected patients over the last 8 years (2009-2016). The chlamydial antigen was detected using direct immunofluorescence assay.

Mutational Analysis of the Mitochondrial DNA Displacement-Loop Region in Human Retinoblastoma with Patient Outcome.

Alteration in mitochondrial DNA plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer. The Displacement Loop (D-loop) region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the regulatory region for its replication and transcription. Therefore, we aimed to characterize mutations in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA along with the morphological changes and analyzed their impact on survival in retinoblastoma patients.

Clinical manifestations of pachychoroid may be secondary to pachysclera and increased scleral rigidity.

Current imaging advancements have led to emergence of pachychoroid as an association of important vision threatening diseases like chronic serous chorioretinopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. While the precise relation between thick choroid and such disorder is being investigated, the etiology behind pachychoroid remains elusive. We hypothesize pachychoroid to be a resultant of impeded vascular outflow due to thick sclera and increased scleral rigidity.

Subretinal tissue plasminogen-assisted vitrectomy for posttraumatic full-thickness macular hole with submacular hemorrhage.

A young male presented with diminution of vision left eye, attributable to full-thickness macular hole, and submacular hemorrhage, following closed globe injury 2 weeks ago. The patient was managed successfully with 25-gauge vitrectomy, subretinal injection of tissue plasminogen activator and aspiration of liquefied blood through the macular hole, internal limiting membrane peeling, short-acting gas tamponade, and prone positioning. This resulted in good visual improvement, type 1 macular hole closure, and restoration of foveal architecture.

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography evaluation of macular changes in Eales disease.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe macular changes in treatment-naïve eyes with Eales disease using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 79 eyes of 66 patients with Eales disease. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp biomicroscopy (SLB), indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and quantitative (central macular thickness [CMT]) and qualitative analysis on SD-OCT were performed.

Ultrasound biomicroscopy image patterns in normal upper eyelid and congenital ptosis in the Indian population.

Purpose: To study the features of upper eyelid in healthy individual and different types of congenital ptosis in the Indian population using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).

Methods: This was a prospective observational study at a tertiary care center. Eyelid structure of healthy individuals with no eyelid abnormalities (n = 19); simple congenital ptosis (n = 33) cases; Marcus Gunn jaw-winking ptosis (MGJWP, n = 7) cases, and blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES, n = 20) cases were studied on a vertical UBM scan using 50-MHz probe.

Comparative evaluation of the aqueous humor proteome of primary angle closure and primary open angle glaucomas and age-related cataract eyes.

Purpose: To analyze and compare the total proteome of aqueous humor (AH) from patients having primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and age-related cataract.

Materials And Methodology: Aqueous humor was collected from age-matched PACG, POAG and cataract patients who underwent surgery, and it was immediately stored at - 80 °C until analysis. From each sample, 25 µg of total protein was subjected to trypsin digestion and subsequently LC-MS/MS analysis was performed for the deep proteome analysis.

The pursuit of stereopsis.

Background: Pediatric ophthalmologists are increasingly expected to promote, preserve, and restore binocular vision.

Methods: Clinical studies on restoring alignment and stereopsis in the management of amblyopia, esotropia, exotropia, and complex strabismus are reviewed from the perspective of the author's published work and personal experiences.

Results: Treatment of amblyopia by means of optical rehabilitation, occlusion, or penalization has been reinforced by medical treatment and perceptual training with monocular or binocular video games.

Swept-source optical coherence tomography of an optic disc melanocytoma: The importance of the hyperreflective foci.

Optic disc melanocytoma (ODM) has been considered as a benign tumor with few reports of malignant transformation. We present swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) imaging of a case of ODM. As attaining histopathology is impossible in most cases, we discuss the possibility of using SSOCT as a tool for ruling out choroidal invasion or juxtapapillary melanoma.

Identification and validation of salivary proteomic signatures for non-invasive detection of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal cancers among all gynecological malignancies. An effective and non-invasive screening approach is needed urgently to reduce high mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to identify the salivary protein signatures (SPS) for non-invasive detection of ovarian cancer.

Neuro-Ophthalmology at a Tertiary Eye Care Centre in India.

Background: Neuro-ophthalmology as a specialty is underdeveloped in India. The aim of our study was to determine the spectrum and profile of patients presenting to a tertiary eye care center with neuro-ophthalmic disorders.

Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted, and records of all patients seen at the neuro-ophthalmology clinic of Dr.

Blood flow pattern in a choroidal hemangioma imaged on swept-source-optical coherence tomography angiography.

This report demonstrates the blood flow pattern in a case of choroidal hemangioma (CH) using swept-source-optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Fluorescein angiography, SS-OCT, and SS-OCTA images of a patient with CH were obtained using a standard protocol. The internal vascular pattern of the tumor was identified on both OCT and OCTA.

Retinal shortening: Ultrasonic evaluation of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of extraretinal proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) on retinal shortening in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) using ultrasound (USG) and objectively prove the presence of intraretinal PVR (iPVR).

Methods: This is a double-masked pilot prospective controlled case series. Patients with total RD planned for vitreoretinal surgery were included in the study.

Epiretinal membrane development after submacular perfluorocarbon liquid removal.

Optical coherence tomography of submacular perfluorocarbon liquid and its safe removal with a small gauge cannula have been presented in the report. This case was complicated by development of an epiretinal membrane, though visual acuity was preserved.

Biometric evaluation of myopic eyes without posterior staphyloma: disproportionate ocular growth.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in the anterior segment of myopic eyes and assess anterior biometry as a function of axial length (AL).

Design: Retrospective investigational study.

Participants: Patients evaluated for phakic intraocular lens surgery at a tertiary eye care centre.

Vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane in adult-onset Coats' disease.

Coats' disease is characterized by retinal vascular telangiectasia and subretinal and intraretinal exudation. A relatively benign form of the disease that occurs in adults is referred to as adult-onset Coats' disease. Involvement of macula in the form of macular edema and exudation are the common presenting features in both forms of the disease.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of transition from normal to ectatic area: A comparison between myopic staphylomata and coloboma.

Choroidal coloboma and posterior staphyloma are two clinically distinct entities, with choroidal excavation being a unifying feature. They are associated with early onset cataract which can make ophthalmoscopy difficult. This report studies the transition between the normal and ectatic area in these cases with ultrasound.