Prognostic relevance of ATM protein in uveal melanoma and its association with clinicopathological factors.

Purpose: Uveal melanoma (UM) is an intraocular malignancy commonly arising from choroid which can cause visual loss or metastasis. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein is an activator of DNA damage response and its role in uveal melanoma (UM) is still unexplored. Therefore, the study aims to detect the expression and localization of ATM protein and its association with clinicopathological parameters METHODS: Expression of nuclear ATM (nATM) was investigated on 69 formalin fixed paraffin embedded choroidal melanoma samples by immunohistochemistry and validated by western blotting.

Gender differences in blindness, cataract blindness and cataract surgical coverage in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The magnitude of blindness is unevenly distributed worldwide. This systematic review aimed to study gender differences in the prevalence of blindness, cataract blindness and cataract surgical coverage in India among persons aged 50 years and above.

Methods: Literature search was carried out in the Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Trip databases.

Prevalence of visual impairment and its association with vision-related quality of life among elderly persons in a resettlement colony of Delhi.

Background: The population of India is ageing. The number and percentage of elderly persons is increasing. Visual impairment is common among elderly persons and affects their vision-related quality of life.

Hybridization of Fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) with Pyrimidines: Synthesis and Antimalarial Efficacy of FAQ-Pyrimidines.

To evade the possible toxicity associated with the formation of quinone-imine metabolite in amodiaquine (AQ), the -hydroxyl group was replaced with a -F atom, and the resulting 4'-fluoro-amodiaquine (FAQ) was hybridized with substituted pyrimidines. The synthesized FAQ-pyrimidines displayed better potency than chloroquine (CQ) against the resistant strain (Dd2), exhibiting up to 47.3-fold better activity (IC: 4.

Identification of canonical NFκB (C-NFκB) pathway in uveal melanoma and their relation with patient outcome.

Inflammation in uveal melanoma (UM) is linked to a bad prognosis. It is rare type of cancer, of which the metastases are usually fatal within a year. Infiltration with an inflammatory infiltrate increases with disease progression but does not seem to inhibit metastasis.

Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia with Intraocular Extension: Clinical and Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Findings.

Purpose: To study the clinical profile, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) findings, and treatment outcome of ocular surface squamous neoplasia with intraocular extension (OSSN-IO).

Methods: It was a retrospective case series of 7 eyes of OSSN-IO treated at our center from March 2015 till December 2016.

Results: Mean age of presentation was 53 years.

Optic Nerve Head Granuloma, Retinal Vasculitis and Elevated Levels of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme: Dilemma of Forme Fruste Ocular Sarcoidosis.

Purpose: To report 2 cases of optic nerve head (ONH) granuloma, with raised serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels not fitting into the existing criteria for ocular sarcoidosis (OS).

Case Report: Fundus photography, ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography were performed for both patients. Systemic workup was performed for granulomatous disorders, including sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and syphilis.

Spectrum of mycotic keratitis in north India: Sixteen years study from a tertiary care ophthalmic centre.

Introduction: To analyse the fungal culture results of patients with fungal keratitis over sixteen years and look for variations in the trends over years and distribution across ages, gender and seasons.

Materials And Methods: Clinical and demographic records and microbiology reports of 18,898 patients of fungal keratitis from 2001 to 2016 were analysed.

Results: Overall fungal culture positivity was 21.

Update on pathology of retinoblastoma.

Retinoblastoma is caused by mutational inactivation of both alleles of the gene, which maps to chromosome 13q14 and encodes retinoblastoma protein that acts as a tumor suppressor. Histopathological high-risk features of retinoblastoma are predictive of metastasis or local recurrence. The focus of this update is to emphasize the recent advances in pathology, various molecular key pathways and genome wide approaches for newer potential therapeutic future targets associated with retinoblastoma tumor biology.

Giant congenital facial melanocytic nevus.

Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus (GCMNs) is mostly reported in area of trunk followed by limbs and head. Their incidence is <1:20,000 newborns It derives attention due to its association with malignant melanoma.The risk of developing malignant melanoma is between 5 to 10%.

Treatment before macular grid in patients of diabetic macular edema.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab and posterior subtenons triamcinolone acetate in the management of diffuse diabetic macular edema (DME) and to evaluate their efficacy as an adjunct to modified grid laser in management of DME.

Design: This was a prospective, randomized clinical trial of 30 patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 30 patients attending the medical ophthalmology clinic at a tertiary care hospital were included in the study.

Proposed Classification System for Retinal Capillary Angiomatosis.

Retinal angiomas are rare tumors that develop within the vascular bed of the retina. Their occurrence may be sporadic or as part of the multisystem disorder called von Hippel-Lindau disease. It is well established in literature that retinal angiomas have a natural history of evolving as small aneurysmal dilatations and progressing to vision-threatening retinal detachments.

Molecular and Metabolic Markers of Fructose Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Developing and Adult Rats are Distinct and Aegle marmelos is an Effective Modulator.

The time course of pathogenesis of fructose mediated hepatic insulin resistance (HepIR) is not well-delineated and we chronicle it here from post-weaning to adulthood stages. Weaned rats were provided for either 4 or 8 weeks, i.e.

Utility of broad-range 16S rRNA PCR assay versus conventional methods for laboratory diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Endophthalmitis, a sight-threatening intraocular infection, can be of postsurgical, post-traumatic or endogenous origin. Laboratory diagnosis-based appropriate therapy can be vision-saving. Conventional culture-based laboratory diagnosis takes time and lacks sensitivity.

Ultra-Wide Field Imaging Characteristics of Primary Retinal Vasculitis: Risk Factors for Retinal Neovascularization.

: To evaluate patterns of retinal vasculitis with ultra-wide field imaging (UWF) and ascertain the risk factors for retinal neovascularization. : Consecutive patients of retinal vasculitis were included prospectively. Patients with retinal vasculitis secondary to uveitis were excluded.

Intraocular use of bevacizumab in India: An issue resolved?

Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which has been approved for intravenous use in certain cancers. There is evidence of its efficacy and safety as an intravitreal drug compared with ranibizumab and aflibercept. We have, in our practice, found it to be a cost-effective treatment option for ocular diseases, which could save a large amount of public money used in various national health insurance systems.