Parametrically optimized feather degradation by Bacillus velezensis NCIM 5802 and delineation of keratin hydrolysis by multi-scale analysis for poultry waste management.

Enormous amounts of keratinaceous waste make a significant and unexploited protein reserve that can be utilized through bioconversion into high-value products using microbial keratinases. This study was intended to assess the keratinase production from a newly isolated B. velezensis NCIM 5802 that can proficiently hydrolyze chicken feathers.

Molecular insight into Aspergillus oryzae β-mannanase interacting with mannotriose revealed by molecular dynamic simulation study.

Fungal β-mannanases hydrolyze β-1, 4-glycosidic bonds of mannans and find application in the generation of mannose and prebiotic mannooligosaccharides (MOS). Previously, a MOS generating β-mannanase from Aspergillus oryzae MTCC 1846 (βManAo) was characterized and its structural and functional properties were unraveled through homology modeling and molecular dynamics in this study. The βManAo model was validated with 92.

Heme-Mimetic Potential of Iron Conjugated Pheophytin-I in Attenuating Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular and Vascular Toxicity.

Purpose Of The Study: Heme is the cardinal porphyrin in systemic physiology, apart from hemoglobin it forms structural skeleton of physiological antioxidants such as catalase and peroxidases.

Aim: The current study presents evidence that iron chelated pheophytin (Fe-Ph-I) created in resemblance to heme can exert significant heme-mimetic efficacy in mitigating oxidative stress-induced cellular and vascular damage.

Materials And Methods: Fe-Ph-I was synthesized by incorporating ferrous ion into the porphyrin core of Ph-I moiety.

Antimicrobial nano-assemblies of tryptocidine C, a tryptophan-rich cyclic decapeptide, from ethanolic solutions.

Tryptocidine C (TpcC), a Trp-rich cyclodecapeptide is a minor constituent in the antibiotic tyrothricin complex from Brevibacillus parabrevis. TpcC possesses a high tendency to oligomerise in aqueous solutions and dried TpcC forms distinct self-assembled nanoparticles. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy revealed the influence of different ethanol:water solvent systems on TpcC self-assembly, with the TpcC, dried from a high concentration in 15% ethanol, primarily assembling into small nanospheres with 24.

Metagenomic Insights into the Gut Microbiota of Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg) and Its Potential Roles in Agroecosystem.

Gut microbiomes, a consortium of microorganisms that live in the animal gut, are highly engineered microbial communities. It makes a major contribution to digestive health, metabolism management, and the development of a strong immune system in the host. The present study was taken up to answer the long-running question about the existence of truly indigenous microflora of the epigeic earthworm gut.

Neuroprotective effect of quercetin against rotenone-induced neuroinflammation and alterations in mice behavior.

Various studies suggested that neuroinflammation leads to the development of several neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Rotenone is an organic pesticide and potent inhibitor of complex I of electron transport chain widely used to develop the PD model. Numerous studies reported rotenone toxicity in the dopaminergic system but very few studies are available on rotenone-induced glial cell activation and subsequent neurodegeneration and alterations in various types of behavior.

Haplogroup diversity in the Indian population using 23 Y-STRs.

Background: A Y-STR polymorphism study is a convenient tool in molecular anthropology and forensic DNA analysis.

Aim: Through standard ethical procedures, the proposed study explored the genetic scenario in male lineage in Madhya Pradesh, a central Indian state, by Y-STR genotyping and haplogroup studies.

Subjects And Methods: Five hundred and eleven unrelated male blood samples were directly amplified, and fragment separation was done using capillary electrophoresis to generate a Y-STR profile for 23 forensic relevant markers through PowerPlex Y 23 multiplex system.

Hydration shell model for expeditious and reliable individual hydrogen bond energies in large water clusters.

Recently, we have developed and tested a method, based on the molecular tailoring approach (MTA-based) to directly estimate the individual hydrogen bond (HB) energies in molecular clusters. Application of this MTA-based method to large molecular clusters is prohibitively difficult due to the evaluation of the energy of large-sized fragments. We propose here a smaller model system called the shell model, to overcome this difficulty.

Amyloid-β Inspired Short Peptide Amphiphile Facilitates Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antibacterial Agents.

An amyloid-β inspired biocompatible short peptide amphiphile (sPA) molecule was used for controlled and targeted delivery of bioactive silver nanoparticles via transforming sPA nanostructures. Such sPA-AgNPs hybrid structures can be further used to develop antibacterial materials to combat emerging bacterial resistance. Due to the excellent antibacterial activity of silver, the growth of clinically relevant bacteria was inhibited in the presence of AgNPs-sPA hybrids.

Purification of Aspergillus tamarii mycelial fructosyltransferase (m-FTase), optimized FOS production, and evaluation of its anticancer potential.

In the present study, generation of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) using Aspergillus tamarii FTase was optimized by applying response surface methodology. Optimal FOS (251 g L ) was generated at 28.4°C, pH 7.

Repurposing PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil and sildenafil as anticancer agent against hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting key events of glucose metabolism and multidrug resistance.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged as one of the most common and lethal cancers worldwide and is caused due to contamination of diets with aflatoxin B1 and chronic viral hepatitis. Recent reports suggest that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5i) exhibits anticancer properties against several forms of cancer but till now has not been evaluated against HCC. We aimed to evaluate the anticancer property of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) tadalafil and sildenafil against aflatoxin B1 HCC.

Forensic features and phylogenetic analyses of the population of Nayagarh (Odisha), India using 23 Y-STRs.

Aim: The present study was designed to explore the STR diversity and genomic history of the inhabitants of Nayagarh district of Odisha, India. We also tested the proficiency of the most recent, new generation PowerPlex Y23 multiplex system for forensic characterisation and to decipher the phylogenetic affinities.

Subjects And Methods: The genetic diversity and polymorphism among 236 healthy unrelated male volunteers from Nayagarh district of Odisha, India was investigated.

A new aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE) dye which self-assembles to panchromatic fluorescent flowers and has application in sensing dichromate ions.

We report for the very first time the crystal structure and self-assembly of a new aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) dye 4-(5-methoxythiazolo[4,5-]pyridin-2-yl)-,-dimethylaniline (TPA) and its application in sensing dichromate ions. TPA reveals cyan blue emission under UV and visible light. The self-assembly properties of TPA were studied extensively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which revealed the formation of beautiful flower-like morphologies.

The number of tree species on Earth.

One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels.

A naphthalimide-based peptide conjugate for concurrent imaging and apoptosis induction in cancer cells by utilizing endogenous hydrogen sulfide.

The excessive production of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (HS) in cancer cells leads to enhanced tumor growth and metastasis. On the other hand, decreased endogenous HS suppresses tumor growth. The reported approaches for inhibiting tumor growth are selective silencing of the tumor-promoting genes and pharmacological inhibition of these proteins.

Three uncharted endemic earthworm species of the genus Eutyphoeus (Oligochaeta: Octochaetidae) from Mizoram, India.

Integrative approach of taxonomy drives us to the discovery of three new species of the genus Eutyphoeus Michaelsen 1900, namely Eutyphoeus phawngpuiensis sp. nov., Eutyphoeus serei sp.

Non-permitted food colorants induced neurotoxicity in cerebellum of rat brain.

Food colorants are important food additives that not only enhance the appearance of food but also appetite. These can be obtained from natural and synthetic sources, but synthetic sources are more popular, efficient, and potential. Non-permitted food colorants (NPFCs) are banned, but their injudicious use in developing countries associated with various adverse health effects.

Heterologous expression and molecular modelling of L-asparaginase from Bacillus subtilis ETMC-2.

Bacterial L-asparaginase is the key therapeutic enzyme in cancer therapy and is also witnessing demand as a food processing aid. In this study, L-asparaginase of newly isolated Bacillus subtilis ETMC-2 was cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli as an active soluble protein using ligation independent cloning strategy. The molecular mass was estimated to be 40 kDa and was optimally active at 50 °C.

Stress and steroid interaction modulates expression of estrogen receptor alpha in the brain, pituitary, and testes of immature .

In nature, food availability stimulates hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis while its scarcity induces stress, which further stimulates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis producing a detrimental effect on the avian reproductive physiology. The present experiment was designed to examine the interaction of stress like food restriction and estradiol on male reproductive physiology with special emphasis on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) as these play crucial role in reproduction. To achieve this, 60 day old White Leghorn immature cockrels were taken and divided into four groups (  =  8 per group).

Antibacterial Properties of Organosulfur Compounds of Garlic ().

Garlic (), a popular food spice and flavoring agent, has also been used traditionally to treat various ailments especially bacterial infections for centuries in various cultures around the world. The principal phytochemicals that exhibit antibacterial activity are oil-soluble organosulfur compounds that include allicin, ajoenes, and allyl sulfides. The organosulfur compounds of garlic exhibit a range of antibacterial properties such as bactericidal, antibiofilm, antitoxin, and anti-quorum sensing activity against a wide range of bacteria including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains.

Hemicellulose-Derived Oligosaccharides: Emerging Prebiotics in Disease Alleviation.

The gut microbiota in the human body is an important component that plays a pivotal role in the ability of the host to prevent diseases and recover from these diseases. If the human microbiome changes for any reason, it affects the overall functioning of the host. Healthy and vigorous gut microbiota require dietary fiber supplementation.

Molecular Tailoring Approach for Estimating Individual Intermolecular Interaction Energies in Benzene Clusters.

There is no general method available for the estimation of individual intermolecular interaction energies in weakly bound molecular clusters, and such studies are limited only to the dimer. Recently, we proposed a molecular tailoring approach-based method for the estimation of individual O-H···O hydrogen bond energies in water clusters. In the present work, we extend the applicability of this method for estimating the individual intermolecular interaction energies in benzene clusters, which are expected to be small.

Microbial fuel cells for remediation of environmental pollutants and value addition: Special focus on coupling diatom microbial fuel cells with photocatalytic and photoelectric fuel cells.

With the advent of global industrialisation and adaptation of smart life there is rise in anthropogenic pollution especially in water. Remediation of the pollutants (such as metals, and dyes) present in industrial effluents is possible via microbes and algae present in the environment. Microbes are used in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) for remediation of various organic and inorganic pollutants.